Misplaced Pages

Špiro Kulišić: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editNext edit →Content deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 09:27, 18 March 2021 editRaspyerries (talk | contribs)440 editsm capitalizedTag: Visual edit← Previous edit Revision as of 00:10, 20 April 2021 edit undo93.87.128.3 (talk)No edit summaryTag: RevertedNext edit →
Line 18: Line 18:


=== ''Ethnogenesis of Montenegrins'' === === ''Ethnogenesis of Montenegrins'' ===
His most influential work is the book ''Ethnogenesis of Montenegrins'' (O etnogenezi Crnogoraca) which was published in the Montenegrin capital of Titograd (modern-day ]) by the state '']'' in 1980.<ref name="Beljaković1983">{{cite book | author = Miodrag Beljaković | title = Yugoslavia at the Crossroads | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7nNpAAAAMAAJ | year = 1983 | publisher = Serbian National Defense Council of America | pages = 100– | quote = A further contribution to that effort, which created a broad controversy, came in 1980, when Dr. Spiro Kulisic published in Titograd (Podgorica) his book "About the Ethnogenesis of the Montenegrins," in which Hauptman's non-Serbian theories ...}}</ref> This work sparked a huge amount of controversy and interest in the general, scholarly and political public, as since the 1960s there was a developing theory on the autochthonous school about the Montenegrin ethnic origin,<ref name="Pavlovic2008">{{cite book | author = Srdja Pavlovic | title = Balkan Anschluss: The Annexation of Montenegro and the Creation of the Common South Slavic State | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4LPfuwer21EC&pg=PA7 | year = 2008 | publisher = Purdue University Press | isbn = 978-1-55753-465-1 | pages = 7– | quote = In a long article titled "O Etnogenezi Crnogoraca" (On the Ethnogenesis of the Montenegrins), the well-known Serbian ethnologist Spiro Kulisic convincingly argued in favor of separate Montenegrin ethnic identity. The publication of this article ...}}</ref> whereas the dominant and official one until then was that Montenegrins were of Serb ethnic background. It was Kulišić's final confrontation against the 19th century national-romanticist approach of Serbian anthropology, and positivist orientation of Yugoslav Marxist historiography and archaeology.{{sfn|Gorunović|2008|p=327}} His most influential work is the book ''Ethnogenesis of Montenegrins'' (O etnogenezi Crnogoraca) which was published in the Montenegrin capital of Titograd (modern-day ]) by the state '']'' in 1980.<ref name="Beljaković1983">{{cite book | author = Miodrag Beljaković | title = Yugoslavia at the Crossroads | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7nNpAAAAMAAJ | year = 1983 | publisher = Serbian National Defense Council of America | pages = 100– | quote = A further contribution to that effort, which created a broad controversy, came in 1980, when Dr. Spiro Kulisic published in Titograd (Podgorica) his book "About the Ethnogenesis of the Montenegrins," in which Hauptman's non-Serbian theories ...}}</ref> This work sparked a huge amount of controversy and interest in the general, scholarly and political public, as since the 1960s there was a developing theory on the autochthonous school about the Montenegrin ethnic origin,<ref name="Pavlovic2008">{{cite book | author = Srdja Pavlovic | title = Balkan Anschluss: The Annexation of Montenegro and the Creation of the Common South Slavic State | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4LPfuwer21EC&pg=PA7 | year = 2008 | publisher = Purdue University Press | isbn = 978-1-55753-465-1 | pages = 7– | quote = In a long article titled "O Etnogenezi Crnogoraca" (On the Ethnogenesis of the Montenegrins), the well-known Serbian ethnologist Spiro Kulisic convincingly argued in favor of separate Montenegrin ethnic identity. The publication of this article ...}}</ref> whereas the dominant and official one until then was that Montenegrins were of Serb ethnic background. It was Kulišić's final confrontation against the 19th century national-romanticist approach of Serbian anthropology, and positivist orientation of Yugoslav Marxist historiography and archaeology.{{sfn|Gorunović|2008|p=327}} By the way, this is an ideology that promotes, fabricated and questionable, evidence of the existence of the "Montenegrin nation" ... Based on the principles of the Ustasha movement, Seklule Drljevic and Savic Stedimlija. from that "Croatian root" they also developed the later "Montenegrin identity". More precisely, it merges the science-fiction Ustasha and, then, the ruling communist ideologies. And without evidence based on historical facts. Which makes his work almost without value, for serious historical science. There are no reliable historical sources for this.


It contradicted the official viewpoint by the communist party ideologue, Serb ] (1945–1947), that the Montenegrins were an ethnic group within the Serb nation, and only in 1878 formed their nationality due to social-capitalism;{{sfn|Nikčević|1994|p=2}} he denied that the Montenegrins were a separate ethnic group and nationality.{{sfn|Nikčević|1994|p=3}} Kulišić's work was criticized for various misinterpretations including of historical sources, and immediately followed a public panel in 1981,{{sfn|Gorunović|2008|p=327}} all in the intention of discrediting.{{sfn|Nikčević|1994|p=4}} It contradicted the official viewpoint by the communist party ideologue, Serb ] (1945–1947), that the Montenegrins were an ethnic group within the Serb nation, and only in 1878 formed their nationality due to social-capitalism;{{sfn|Nikčević|1994|p=2}} he denied that the Montenegrins were a separate ethnic group and nationality.{{sfn|Nikčević|1994|p=3}} Kulišić's work was criticized for various misinterpretations including of historical sources, and immediately followed a public panel in 1981,{{sfn|Gorunović|2008|p=327}} all in the intention of discrediting.{{sfn|Nikčević|1994|p=4}}


== Legacy == == Legacy ==
Over the years Špiro Kulišić's book has become the conceiving cradle of the Montenegrins sovereignty, centered on the establishment of a distinct Montenegrin language, a ] and Montenegro's independence from its common state with Serbia in 2006, a view of history promoted throughout the 1990s by the ]. Since Montenegro's independence from ] and the other political changes of the 21st century, Kulišić's works and their continuations of members of his school have received a considerable growth and some popularity with the public.{{sfn|Gorunović|2008|p=328}} In search of their new identity in Montenegro, they mostly asked for information from the work of this writer. And if it is not doubtfully a large-scale counterfeiter.Over the years Špiro Kulišić's book has become the conceiving cradle of the, . Montenegrins sovereignty, centered on the establishment of a distinct Montenegrin language, a unrecognized ] and Montenegro's independence from its common state with Serbia in 2006, a view of history promoted throughout the 1990s by the ]. Since Montenegro's independence from ] and the other political changes of the 21st century, Kulišić's works and their continuations of members of his scho{{sfn|Gorunović|2008|p=328}}

== Works == == Works ==
* {{cite book | title = Bulletin du Musée de la République Populaire de Bosnie et Hercégovine à Sarajevo | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lIbRAAAAMAAJ | year = 1953 | publisher = Državna štamparija | pages = 9– | chapter = Porijeklo i značenje božićnog obrednog hljeba u Južnih Slovena}}<ref>{{cite book | title = Slovenski etnograf | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ghjjAAAAMAAJ | volume = 6-7 | year = 1953 | publisher = Etnografski muzej | pages = 236– | quote = ... ki je z obsežnim etnografskim gradivom skušal določiti Porijeklo i značenje božićnog obrednog hljeba u Južnih Slovena (Glasnik Z. M. u Sarajevu. N. S. VIII, 1953, 7—47). Med drugim je razvil tele pomembnejše misli: Najrazličnejši obredni ...}}</ref> * {{cite book | title = Bulletin du Musée de la République Populaire de Bosnie et Hercégovine à Sarajevo | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lIbRAAAAMAAJ | year = 1953 | publisher = Državna štamparija | pages = 9– | chapter = Porijeklo i značenje božićnog obrednog hljeba u Južnih Slovena}}<ref>{{cite book | title = Slovenski etnograf | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ghjjAAAAMAAJ | volume = 6-7 | year = 1953 | publisher = Etnografski muzej | pages = 236– | quote = ... ki je z obsežnim etnografskim gradivom skušal določiti Porijeklo i značenje božićnog obrednog hljeba u Južnih Slovena (Glasnik Z. M. u Sarajevu. N. S. VIII, 1953, 7—47). Med drugim je razvil tele pomembnejše misli: Najrazličnejši obredni ...}}</ref>

Revision as of 00:10, 20 April 2021

Špiro Kulišić (Perast 1908 — Belgrade 1989) was an Montenegrin ethnologist and one of the founders of the Montenegrin autochthonist school. He contributed to ethnology and museology in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. His research interests were in tribal organization in the Dinaric region, ethnic history and relations between the Slavs and indigenous population in the Balkan, and religion among the Serbs and Montenegrins.

Biography

Kulišić was born in 1908, in the city of Perast at the Bay of Kotor. He studied ethnology at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy between 1927 and 1933. He worked as a teacher in Croatia and Bosnia, while during the eve of World War II joined the partisan movement and Yugoslav communist party.

He worked in the post-war Ministry of Education and Ministry of Science in Bosnia and Herzegovina as the official in charge of scientific institutions and associations, the National Museum (1947–1950), and Institute of Folklore Studies in Sarajevo. With Milenko Filipović was the most active ethnologist in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and since 1965 was a permanent research fellow of the Center for Balkan Studies of ANUBiH. In the early 1960s became the post director of the Ethnographic Museum, Belgrade. He withdrew from the institutional work in 1963, and continued to publish writings until the early 1980s. He died in 1989.

Work

Until the 1970s the Yugoslavian ethnology was a blend of evolutionary anthropology and Marxist historical materialism. In his work Ideological and Theoretical Grounds for the Development of Our Ethnographic Museum (1953) criticized the inter-war museological practice, as well introduced a new name for the discipline, ethnography instead of ethnology. He strongly criticized the Soviet ethnography, its absolutization of science and the chauvinistic Pan-Slavism. He noted that since the establishment of Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1914) the ethnology was a subject of political oppression by the centralist regime, while the Serbian bourgeois ethnology (and its school founded by Jovan Cvijić and Jovan Erdeljanović) which also originated in the 19th century, worked on the political class assumptions and ethnocentric premises. Such political hegemony influenced the museology which presented integralist Yugoslav and Serbian ethnocentrism, while underestimated the development of minority groups, as well supported methodological formalism.

There existed scholarship rivality between Kulišić and Serbian scholar Milenko Filipović. Kulišić supported "antiquarian ethnology", while Filipović "social ethnology", they debated on the structural functionalism, which resulted with Kulišić accusation of Filipović for anti-historicism, their broken cooperation, and Kulišić withdrawal of Ph.D. degree dissertation on Christmas ritual breads.

The work by Manojlo Glušević, Ethnography, Ethnology, and Anthropology (1963), which criticized the Erdeljanović's idea of ethnology as discipline of nations, ethnicity and ethnogenesis, and in the core the putative history idea based on hypothetical reconstructions on the basis of unreliable oral tradition, was objected by Kulišić for neglecting historicity of man's existence. The Kulišić's tendency for using Marxist quotes and negative labels in theoretical discussion was later called as "Špirinism".

In 1973 wrote a paradoxal lament on the Marxism in the Yugoslav science during its trend of liberalization.

He researched the pre-Christian religion, mythology and tradition. He considered patriarchy as the historical next stage from matriarchy, and that the South Slavs had a matriarchal origin, contrary to the Yugoslav historiography consideration that during the Slavic migration there was transition in the Balkan, yet had patrilineal-patrilocal family and military-democratic social system. Kulišić considered zadruga (cooperative) a transitory form, like Vlach katuns and fraternity, that they lack patriarchal structure, and showed an archaic Balkan historical longevity and adjustment to the new socio-economical formations (like feudalism).

Ethnogenesis of Montenegrins

His most influential work is the book Ethnogenesis of Montenegrins (O etnogenezi Crnogoraca) which was published in the Montenegrin capital of Titograd (modern-day Podgorica) by the state Pobjeda in 1980. This work sparked a huge amount of controversy and interest in the general, scholarly and political public, as since the 1960s there was a developing theory on the autochthonous school about the Montenegrin ethnic origin, whereas the dominant and official one until then was that Montenegrins were of Serb ethnic background. It was Kulišić's final confrontation against the 19th century national-romanticist approach of Serbian anthropology, and positivist orientation of Yugoslav Marxist historiography and archaeology. By the way, this is an ideology that promotes, fabricated and questionable, evidence of the existence of the "Montenegrin nation" ... Based on the principles of the Ustasha movement, Seklule Drljevic and Savic Stedimlija. from that "Croatian root" they also developed the later "Montenegrin identity". More precisely, it merges the science-fiction Ustasha and, then, the ruling communist ideologies. And without evidence based on historical facts. Which makes his work almost without value, for serious historical science. There are no reliable historical sources for this.

It contradicted the official viewpoint by the communist party ideologue, Serb Milovan Djilas (1945–1947), that the Montenegrins were an ethnic group within the Serb nation, and only in 1878 formed their nationality due to social-capitalism; he denied that the Montenegrins were a separate ethnic group and nationality. Kulišić's work was criticized for various misinterpretations including of historical sources, and immediately followed a public panel in 1981, all in the intention of discrediting.

Legacy

In search of their new identity in Montenegro, they mostly asked for information from the work of this writer. And if it is not doubtfully a large-scale counterfeiter.Over the years Špiro Kulišić's book has become the conceiving cradle of the, . Montenegrins sovereignty, centered on the establishment of a distinct Montenegrin language, a unrecognized Montenegrin Orthodox Church and Montenegro's independence from its common state with Serbia in 2006, a view of history promoted throughout the 1990s by the Doclean Academy of Sciences and Arts. Since Montenegro's independence from Serbia and Montenegro and the other political changes of the 21st century, Kulišić's works and their continuations of members of his scho

Works

References

  1. Anatoli Mikhailov; Olga Breskaya (26 June 2014). Reforming Social Sciences, Humanities and Higher Education in Eastern Europe and CIS after 1991. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 135–. ISBN 978-1-4438-6294-3. ... in the Balkan peninsula since ancients times. On this point the reconstructed view repeats an earlier thesis of the influential ethnologist Spiro Kulišić from the 1970s, about the Montenegrin nation forming on ...
  2. Vintilă Mihăilescu; Ilia Iliev; Slobodan Naumović (2008). Studying Peoples in the People's Democracies II: Socialist Era Anthropology in South-East Europe. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 426–. ISBN 978-3-8258-9911-0. One strategy was to go as far back in the past as possible, overemphasizing an autochthonist approach of one's unique ... It was the case, for instance, of Spiro Kulišić's ethno-genetic discourse about Montenegro, which had long run political ...
  3. Gorunović 2008, p. 308.
  4. Gorunović 2008, p. 321.
  5. Gorunović 2008, p. 309.
  6. ^ Gorunović 2008, p. 309–310.
  7. Gorunović 2008, p. 310.
  8. Gorunović 2008, p. 307–308.
  9. ^ Gorunović 2008, p. 313.
  10. Gorunović 2008, p. 314.
  11. Gorunović 2008, p. 185–204.
  12. Gorunović 2008, p. 315–317.
  13. Gorunović 2008, p. 319.
  14. Gorunović 2006, p. 202.
  15. Gorunović 2008, p. 444.
  16. Gorunović 2008, p. 322.
  17. Gorunović 2008, p. 326–327.
  18. Miodrag Beljaković (1983). Yugoslavia at the Crossroads. Serbian National Defense Council of America. pp. 100–. A further contribution to that effort, which created a broad controversy, came in 1980, when Dr. Spiro Kulisic published in Titograd (Podgorica) his book "About the Ethnogenesis of the Montenegrins," in which Hauptman's non-Serbian theories ...
  19. Srdja Pavlovic (2008). Balkan Anschluss: The Annexation of Montenegro and the Creation of the Common South Slavic State. Purdue University Press. pp. 7–. ISBN 978-1-55753-465-1. In a long article titled "O Etnogenezi Crnogoraca" (On the Ethnogenesis of the Montenegrins), the well-known Serbian ethnologist Spiro Kulisic convincingly argued in favor of separate Montenegrin ethnic identity. The publication of this article ...
  20. ^ Gorunović 2008, p. 327.
  21. Nikčević 1994, p. 2.
  22. Nikčević 1994, p. 3.
  23. Nikčević 1994, p. 4.
  24. Gorunović 2008, p. 328.
  25. Slovenski etnograf. Vol. 6–7. Etnografski muzej. 1953. pp. 236–. ... ki je z obsežnim etnografskim gradivom skušal določiti Porijeklo i značenje božićnog obrednog hljeba u Južnih Slovena (Glasnik Z. M. u Sarajevu. N. S. VIII, 1953, 7—47). Med drugim je razvil tele pomembnejše misli: Najrazličnejši obredni ...
  26. Karen M. Offen; Ruth Roach Pierson; Jane Rendall (6 September 1991). Writing Women's History: International Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 507–. ISBN 978-1-349-21512-6.
  27. Mary Zirin; Irina Livezeanu; Christine D. Worobec; June Pachuta Farris (26 March 2015). Women and Gender in Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, and Eurasia: A Comprehensive Bibliography Volume I: Southeastern and East Central Europe (Edited by Irina Livezeanu with June Pachuta Farris) Volume II: Russia, the Non-Russian Peoples of the Russian. Taylor & Francis. pp. 97–. ISBN 978-1-317-45196-9.
  28. Vintilă Mihăilescu; Ilia Iliev; Slobodan Naumović (2008). Studying Peoples in the People's Democracies II: Socialist Era Anthropology in South-East Europe. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 332–. ISBN 978-3-8258-9911-0.
  29. Ethnologia Europaea (in German). Vol. 11–13. 1979. pp. 187–.
  30. Ricerche slavistiche. Vol. 5–7. G. Casini. 1957. pp. 4–.
  31. Ján Komorovský (1976). Tradičná svadba u Slovanov. Univerzita Komenského. pp. 288–.
  32. Grundriss der slavischen philologie und Kulturgeschichte (in German). W. de Gruyter. 1961. pp. 187–.

Further reading

Categories:
Špiro Kulišić: Difference between revisions Add topic