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2021 Nicaraguan general election

← 2016 7 November 2021 (2021-11-07) 2026 →
Presidential election
Turnout	65.23%
Nominee Daniel Ortega Walter Espinoza Party FSLN PLC Running mate Rosario Murillo Mayra Consuelo Argüello Sandoval Popular vote 2,053,342 382,739 Percentage 75.92% 14.15%
President before election Daniel Ortega FSLN Elected President Daniel Ortega FSLN
Parliamentary election
90 seats in the National Assembly 46 seats needed for a majority
Party Leader Vote % Seats +/– FSLN Daniel Ortega 75.92 75 +4 PLC María Haydeé Osuna 14.15 9 −5 CCN Guillermo Osorno 3.30 2 New ALN Saturnino Cerrato 3.15 2 0 APRE Carlos José Canales 1.78 1 0 YATAMA Brooklyn Rivera – 1 0 This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. President of the National Assembly before Gustavo Porras Cortés FSLN

Politics of Nicaragua
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Executive President Daniel Ortega Vice President Rosario Murillo
Legislature National Assembly President: Gustavo Porras Cortés
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Foreign relations Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister: Denis Moncada Colindres Diplomatic missions of / in Nicaragua Passport Visa requirements Visa policy
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v t e

General elections were held in Nicaragua on 7 November 2021 to elect the President, the National Assembly and members of the Central American Parliament.

President Daniel Ortega of the Sandinista National Liberation Front sought re-election, while five opposition candidates appeared on the ballot, but multiple individuals seeking to run against Ortega were detained, disqualified, or forced into exile. In early June, police arrested five potential opposition candidates: Cristiana Chamorro Barrios, Arturo Cruz Jr., Félix Maradiaga, Juan Sebastián Chamorro and Miguel Mora, jailing them for what critics decried as politically motivated charges. In July, candidates Medardo Mairena and Noel Vidaurre were arrested, while Luis Fley and María Asunción Moreno went into exile due to threats of arrest.

The deadline for candidates to register was 2 August 2021, and on 3 August, vice-presidential candidate Berenice Quezada was placed under house arrest and disqualified. Her party, Citizens for Liberty, and its presidential candidate Oscar Sobalvarro, had their legal status suspended by the Supreme Electoral Council the following week, and Constitutionalist Liberal Party candidate Milton Arcia resigned in protest.

The elections have been called a sham election by the European Union, United States, multiple Latin American nations, independent election observers and human rights groups due to the intimidation, detention, and disqualification of opposition journalists and politicians, since these actions were made to ensure victory for Ortega and his allies.

Electoral system

The President of Nicaragua is elected using first-past-the-post voting system.

The 90 elected members of the National Assembly are elected by two methods; 20 members are elected from a single nationwide constituency, whilst 70 members are elected from 17 multi-member constituencies ranging in size from 2 to 19 seats. Both types of election are carried out using closed list proportional representation with no electoral threshold. A further two seats are reserved for the runner-up in the presidential election and the outgoing president (or their vice president).

Lists of candidates to the National Assembly and to the Central American Parliament must have an equal number of male and female candidates.

Presidential candidates

Political party or coalition	Sandinista National Liberation Front	Constitutionalist Liberal Party	Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path	Alliance for the Republic	Independent Liberal Party	Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance
	FSLN	PLC	CCN	APRE	PLI	ALN
Candidate
	Daniel Ortega	Walter Espinoza	Guillermo Osorno	Gerson Gutiérrez	Mauricio Orué	Marcelo Montiel

Disqualified individuals

Several individuals were stopped from participating in the election to ensure Ortega's victory, including opposition candidates Milton Arcia, who resigned following the controversial ban on the CxL party, farm worker leader Medardo Mairena, journalist Miguel Mora, political scientist Félix Maradiaga, economist Juan Sebastián Chamorro, journalist Cristiana Chamorro Barrios, YATAMA activist George Henriquez, Ortega's former Ambassador to the United States Arturo Cruz Jr. and former rebel leader Luis Fley.

• Milton Arcia (resigned)
• Cristiana Chamorro Barrios (arrested)
• Juan Sebastián Chamorro (arrested)
• Arturo Cruz Jr. (arrested)
• Luis Fley (exiled)
• George Henriquez (lost party nomination)
• Medardo Mairena (arrested)
• Félix Maradiaga (arrested)
• Miguel Mora (arrested)
• Oscar Sobalvarro (suspended)
• Noel Vidaurre (arrested)

Preliminary results

President

In the early hours of 8 November, the president of the Supreme Electoral Council Brenda Rocha reported that with 49.25% of the votes counted, Daniel Ortega's Sandinista Front won the elections, obtaining 74.99% of the votes cast and with a 65.3% turnout. However, Urnas Abiertas, an independent election observer, estimated the turnout was much lower than the results released officially, at only 18.5% (based on anonymous surveys carried out by 1,450 individuals).

National Assembly

Party		National			Constituency			Total seats
		Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
	Sandinista National Liberation Front			15			60	75
	Constitutionalist Liberal Party			2			7	9
	Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path			0			1	1
	Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance			1			1	2
	Alliance for the Republic			1			0	1
	Independent Liberal Party			1			0	1
	YATAMA						1	1
Reserved seat								1
Total				20			70	91
Registered voters/turnout		4,478,334	–		4,478,334	–
Source: 100noticias, CSE

Central American Parliament

Controversy

In May, Nicaragua's Supreme Electoral Council revoked the legal status of the opposition party Democratic Restoration Party (PRD).

The same week, the government opened an investigation into Cristiana Chamorro's work at the Violeta Barrios de Chamorro Foundation, alleging money laundering, which threatened to disqualify her candidacy as people under investigation are barred from running. The day Chamorro was called in for questioning, the police also raided the news offices of her brother Carlos's media channel, Confidencial, confiscating equipment and arresting a cameraman. Chamorro subsequently announced she would join the primary, alongside seven other candidates, for the Citizens for Freedom (CxL) party, the only remaining opposition party legally qualified to field a candidate in the November 2021 election. The Ortega government then announced she was disqualified from running; the Secretary General for the Organization of American States, Luis Almagro, issued a statement saying: "Actions like this remove all political credibility from the government and the organizers of the electoral process." On 2 June the government raided Chamorro's house and detained her 15 minutes before she was scheduled to give a press conference. Almagro criticized the arrest.

On 5 June, the government arrested Arturo Cruz. He is being detained for allegations he “attacked Nicaraguan society and the rights of the people” in violation of Law 1055, enacted in December 2020, the “law for the defense of the rights of the people to independence, sovereignty, and self-determination for peace”, called the “Guillotine Law” by critics.

On 8 June, the government arrested Félix Maradiaga, a leader of the Blue and White National Unity (UNAB) opposition group. Later the same day they arrested economist Juan Sebastián Chamorro, cousin of Cristiana and the fourth pre-candidate to be detained. Arrests of candidates' employees and other civil society figures followed as well. None have been allowed to consult lawyers.

On 15 June, the Permanent Council of the Organization of American States put out a statement saying it “unequivocally condemns the arrest, harassment and arbitrary restriction imposed on potential presidential candidates, political parties and independent media outlets" and called for “the immediate release of potential candidates and all political prisoners.” A large majority of member states (26) endorsed the statement; however, Mexico and Argentina, key regional players, did not sign onto the resolution.

On 20 June, the government arrested Miguel Mora, a pre-candidate affiliated with the PRD until the government revoked its charter. Following Mora’s arrest, Mexico and Argentina jointly recalled their ambassadors from Nicaragua for consultation, citing “the worrying political-legal actions carried out by the Nicaraguan government in recent days that have put at risk the integrity and freedom of various opposition figures (including presidential candidates), Nicaraguan activists and businessmen”.

Peasant leader Medardo Mairena was arrested on the night of 5 July 2021, the sixth pre-candidate to be detained and one of roughly two dozen opposition and civic leaders detained by the Ortega government since the beginning of June 2021. Two other peasant leaders and two student leaders were also arrested that night. Like most of those already arrested, they are accused of violations of Law 1055, “performing acts that undermine independence, sovereignty, and self-determination“. All detained have been sentenced to 90 days of preventative detention.

On 9 July, law professor and Civic Alliance attorney María Asunción Moreno announced her intention to register as a pre-candidate with the CxL. The following day, she received a summons from the government, and, following information that she would be arrested, went into hiding. She later went into exile.

On 12 July, Luis Fley confirmed he had gone into exile in response to “threats from the dictatorship to arrest me”. He also withdrew his candidacy, saying that with so many candidates jailed the election was already compromised and his continued candidacy would only play into Ortega’s hand.

Kitty Monterrey, president of the CxL, announced the two primary candidates would be Noel Vidaurre and Américo Treminio. However former Contra leader and CxL vice-president Oscar Sobalvarro was added to the list on 24 July.

Later on 24 July, the government announced the investigation and then the arrest of ACxL conservative pre-candidate Noel Vidaurre, who had challenged Ortega in prior elections. As with most of the other candidates, Vidaurre is accused of violating Law 1055, committing “treason to the homeland”. He is being held in police custody at his home.

On 3 August, Berenice Quezada was placed under house arrest and barred from running after an investigation was opened following her comments that were said to be sympathetic to leaders of the attempted coup of 2018.

On 6 August, following a complaint from PLC president María Haydee Osuna and the rest of the PLC board that CxL president Kitty Monterrey was a dual national, the Supreme Electoral Council cancelled the legal status of the CxL and instructed the relevant administrative body to revoke Monterrey’s national identity card. Arcia, the PLC’s candidate, resigned in protest of the PLC’s role in the events; he was immediately replaced by PLC National Assembly deputy Walter Espinoza. On 11 August, the PLC vice-presidential nominee María Dolores Moncada resigned, refusing to continue on the ticket with Espinoza.

On 19 October 2021 Minister of Foreign Affairs Denis Moncada stated that the government would not invite the electoral observation mission of the Organization of American States (OAS), accusing them of being participants in the 2019 Bolivian political crisis. Moncada also said that " will count on the free participation of legally constituted political parties, which have legal personality and are participating individually or in alliance". Days earlier, the OAS had appointed former Costa Rican president Luis Guillermo Solís as head of the Electoral Observation mission. A group of South American and Spanish communist Ortega and Murillo supporters were invited as "electoral accompaniers", appointed by the Supreme Electoral Council on 28 September.

On 3 November 2021, the Nicaraguan newspaper Confidencial announced that President Ortega banned the entry of foreign press to the country to cover the elections, as in the previous days several journalists were refused entry by the immigration authorities.

On election day there were several protest marches and demonstrations against the elections by Nicaraguans living overseas. In Costa Rica, thousands of Nicaraguan citizens marched through the main streets of the capital San José, considering them to be a "circus and an electoral fraud". The march started at the Statue of León Cortés located in the center of the city and ended at the Plaza de la Democracia. Another group of demonstrators headed towards the Nicaraguan embassy. In the United States, protests took place in Washington, D.C., chanting slogans such as "Democracy YES, Dictatorship NO" and carrying banners such as "Viva Nicaragua Libre". The demonstrators went to protest in front of the Nicaraguan embassy and then headed towards the headquarters of the OAS to ask international organization not to recognize the election results. Another march took place in Miami, where Nicaraguan demonstrators gathered at the Plaza Rubén Darío to protest, marching to the Nicaraguan consulate general displaying banners such as "If he doesn't leave, we'll take him out". Protests were also registered in several other American cities and states, including Los Angeles, New York City, Houston and Colorado. A march also took place in Madrid, Spain.

The first polling stations opened at 06:38 in Managua, and one of the first to vote was Moncada. There were 3,160 polling stations prepared for the election day. The polls closed at 18:00, with no significant incidents and with an expected low turnout.

Reactions

International

• ALBA-TCP: The integration bloc of 10 countries of Latin America and the Caribbean issued the communiqué, in which it welcomed the reelection of President Daniel Ortega and Vice President Rosario Murillo, and congratulated the legislators elected to the Nicaraguan National Assembly and the Central American Parliament. It also recognized the economic, social and political achievements made by the Sandinista Revolution, which have allowed strengthening better conditions for the progress of Nicaragua.
•  Argentina: The Argentine Ministry of Foreign Affairs released a statement raising concerns over the arrest of opposition leaders and the jailing of protestors, but also respecting the results of the election.
•  Bolivia: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bolivia issued the communiqué "greeting the brother Nicaraguan people for the participation and the democratic vocation in the electoral process of 7 November 2021". It also expressed its "conviction, that with majority participation and respect for the popular vote, democracy is strengthened, as the full exercise of the sovereignty of the people".
•  Colombia: Colombian President Iván Duque declared that the Colombian Government will not be recognizing the elections in Nicaragua and called for the General Assembly of the Organization of American States to establish a common position on the matter.
•  Costa Rica: On the same day of the elections, Costa Rican President Carlos Alvarado published a tweet in which he did not recognize the result of the Nicaraguan elections because of "their lack of democratic conditions and guarantees" and called on the international community to "promote the democratic process" in that country.
•  European Union: The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell, in a written statement, stated that the EU considers Ortega's reelection to lack "legitimacy" because the elections were held "without democratic guarantees". At the same time it urged the Nicaraguan president to immediately release all political prisoners and to "return the sovereignty of Nicaragua to the Nicaraguan people".
•  Peru: The goverment of Peru released a statement saying that the election does not "meet the minimum criteria for free, fair and transparent elections established by the Democratic Charter", and has called for the international community to reject the results
•  Russia: The Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergey Lavrov described the calls by Western countries not to recognize the election results "unacceptable", as he considers that the voting was done "in accordance with the law".
•  Spain: The Spanish government stated that it "refuses to give credibility and legitimacy to the results that may derive from this process", adding that they are a "mockery" and demanded that "all arbitrarily imprisoned political prisoners and demonstrators be released immediately and unconditionally and that their judicial processes be annulled and that it complies with the international commitments contracted in the field of Human Rights".
•  Taiwan: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Taiwan said they will promote cooperation with the new government of Nicaragua.
•  United States: The White House published a statement in which President Joe Biden accused the elections of being a "pantomime" and that they " neither free nor fair, and most certainly not democratic". He also called for the "regime to take immediate steps to restore democracy in Nicaragua, and to immediately and unconditionally release those unjustly imprisoned".
•  Venezuela:
  • Nicolás Maduro, in a televised statement, congratulated his counterpart Daniel Ortega for the "good news" and for the "good level of participation and for this day of peace, of participation".
  • Juan Guaidó described the elections as a "fraud".

Others

• Human Rights Watch: José Miguel Vivanco, Executive Director of the Americas Division of the HRW, on election day, called the votings as a "sham".
• Four former Latin American presidents, Brazilian Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Costa Rican Laura Chinchilla, Chilean Ricardo Lagos and Colombian Juan Manuel Santos, alongside Secretary General of the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, signed a letter stating that the election day was "marked by the violation of citizens' rights to freely and democratically elect their authorities", called for the suspension of Nicaragua from the OAS through the application of the Inter-American Democratic Charter to "deepen the isolation of the regime" and asked Latin American foreign ministers to "place the situation in Nicaragua as a priority issue at the next OAS General Assembly".

Notes

1. Disputed acting President of Venezuela. See Venezuelan presidential crisis

References

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v t e Elections in Nicaragua
Presidential elections	1856 1871 1902 1906 1912 1914 1916 1920 1924 1926 1928 1932 1936 (Jun) 1936 (Dec) 1947 (Feb) 1947 (Aug) 1950 1957 1963 1967 1974 1984 1990 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026
Parliamentary elections	1912 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1927 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 1938 1947 (Feb) 1947 (Aug) 1950 1957 1963 1967 1972 1974 1984 1990 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026
Municipal elections	1990 1996 2000 2004 2008 2009 2012 2017 2022
See also: Elections in the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region Federal Republic of Central America

• Current elections
• 2021 elections in Central America
• 2021 in Nicaragua
• November 2021 events in North America
• Presidential elections in Nicaragua
• Elections in Nicaragua