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			History of the borders of Alabama
	The ] was created on July 4, 1776, with the ] of ] ] colonies. Their independence was recognized by Great Britain with the ] of 1783, following the ]. This effectively doubled the size of the colonies, now able to stretch west past the ] to the ]. This land was organized into territories and then states, though there remained some conflict with the sea-to-sea grants claimed by some of the original colonies. In time, these grants were ] to the federal government.
			==content==
	The first great expansion of the country came with the ] of 1803, which doubled the country's territory, but brought it into minor conflict with the colonies of ] which eventually resulted in the acquisition of ].<ref name="vz-floridapurchase" /> The ] gave the United States access to the ], though it was shared for a time with the ].<ref name="vz-1818" /> The annexation of the ] in 1845 led directly to the ], after which the victorious United States obtained the northern half of ]'s territory, including what was quickly made the state of ].<ref name="vz-ca" /> However, as the development of the country moved west, the question of ] became too much to ignore, as there was a struggle to keep the number of northern abolitionist states equal to the number of southern slave states, with vigorous debate over whether the new territories would allow slavery and events such as the ] and ]. This came to a head in 1860 and 1861, when the governments of the southern states proclaimed their secession from the country and formed the ]. The ] led to the defeat of the Confederacy in 1865 and the eventual readmission of the states to the ].
			] was organized from the eastern half of ] on March 3, 1817.<ref>{{usstat|3|371}}</ref>{{sfn|Van Zandt|1976|pp=108-109}} The act defined its borders as:
			<blockquote>...beginning at the point where the line of the thirty-first degree of north latitude intersects the Perdido river, thence east to the western boundary line of the state of Georgia, thence along said line to the southern boundary line to the state of Tennessee, thence west along said boundary line to the Tennessee river, thence up the same to the mouth of Bear creek, thence by a direct line to the north-west corner of Washington county, thence due south to the Gulf of Mexico, thence eastwardly, including all the islands within six leagues of the shore, to the Perdido river, and thence up the same to the beginning...</blockquote>
			The border between Georgia and Spanish Florida along the ] was surveyed in 1799 by ], and this line was inherited by Alabama Territory.
	The country's expansion beyond North America began in 1856 with the passage of the ], causing many small and uninhabited, but economically important, islands in the Pacific Ocean and ] to be claimed.<ref name="guano" /> Most of these claims were eventually abandoned due to competing claims from other countries or the guano having been mined out. The Pacific expansion culminated in the ] of the ] in 1893 and its annexation in 1898. ], the last major acquisition in North America, was ] from ] in 1867.
			The western boundary of Georgia was defined in 1802 as:
	Desires for expansion into Spanish territories like ] led to the ] in 1898, in which the United States gained ], ], and the ], and occupied Cuba for several years. ] was acquired by the United States in 1900 after the end of the ].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert. ''The Foreign Policy of the United States in Relation to Samoa''. New York: Octagon Books, 1975.</ref> The United States purchased the ] from Denmark in 1917.<ref>http://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ Vinow.com. Virgin Islands History. Retrieved 18 January 2018.</ref> Guam and Puerto Rico remain territories; the Philippines became independent in 1946, after being a major theater of ]. Following the war, ] were ] to the U.S. by the ],<ref name="ttpi" /> and while the ] remain a U.S. territory, the ], ], and ] emerged from the trust territory as independent nations. The last major international change was the acquisition in 1904, and return to ] in 1979, of the ], a region of American sovereignty to build and run the ]. The final cession of power over the region was made to Panama in 1999.
			<blockquote>... a line beginning on the western bank of the Chatahouchie River where the same crosses the boundary line between the United States and Spain; running thence up the said River Chatahouchie, and along the western bank thereof to the great bend thereof, next above the place where a certain creek
			or river, called "Uchee" (being the first considerable stream on the western side, above the Cussetas and Coweta towns), empties into the Chatahouchie River; thence in a direct line to Nickajack, on Tennessee River; thence crossing the said last-mentioned river, and thence running up the said Tennessee River and along the western bank thereof to the southern boundary line of the State of Tennessee.</blockquote>
			The location of Nickajack was surveyed in 1818, with the report being filed on July 13,<ref>https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_zlna_tcc775?canvas=0&x=400&y=400&w=1164</ref> and it being approved on December 18, though it is an open question whether that law was sufficient.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/40577307?searchText=georgia+tennessee+line&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dgeorgia%2Btennessee%2Bline%26so%3Drel&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A192d121bc98e4e65840ae02d9d42c549&seq=10 page 278</ref>. While the southern boundary of Tennessee was intended to be the ], the line was incorrectly surveyed south by a mile, so the described border never reaches the Tennessee River. The great bend of the Chattahoochee was surveyed as being located at Miller's Bend (now ]) and the line from Nickajack to Miller's Bend was surveyed in 1826, but Alabama didn't accept this survey until January 24, 1840.{{sfn|Van Zandt|1976|p=103}}
	Regarding internal borders, while territories could shift wildly in size, once established states have generally retained their initial borders. Only four states – ], ], ], and ] – have been created from land claimed by another state; all of the others were created from territories or directly from acquisitions. Four states – ], ], ], and ] – have expanded significantly by acquiring additional federal territory after their initial admission to the Union. The last state of the ], commonly called the "lower 48," was admitted in 1912; the fiftieth and most recent state was admitted in 1959.
			The southern boundary of Tennessee was inherited from North Carolina, and was defined in the 1776 North Carolina constitution as the ]. However, this was not surveyed until the early 19th century. In October 1807, this line was surveyed from a point near ], just east of the ], eastward to the old Cherokee line, about 30 miles. In 1817, the line was extended west to the Tennessee River, and between 1822 and 1839 the line was run east to Georgia.{{sfn|Van Zandt|1976|p=109}}
	==Table of changes==
	::::'''Key to map colors'''
	::::{{legend|#FFFFE0|United States states (domestic maps), undisputed area of United States (dispute maps)}}
	::::{{legend|#FFDEAD|United States territories (domestic maps)}}
	::::{{legend|#D76767|disputed area of United States}}
	::::{{legend|#c0c09c|area changed by event}}
			==foo==
	===1776–1784 (American Revolutionary War)===
			* {{cite book |author=Van Zandt, Franklin K. |year=1976 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_skxAAAAAIAAJ |title=Boundaries of the United States and the Several States: With Miscellaneous Geographic Information Concerning Areas, Altitudes, and Geographic Centers |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=] |oclc=69426475}}
	{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
	|-
	!scope="col"|Date
	!scope="col"|Event
	!scope="col"|Change Map
	|-
	!scope=row|July 4, 1776
	|] of the ] in North America collectively ] as the United States of America, though several colonies had already individually declared independence:<ref name="declaration">{{cite web |url=https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration-transcript |title=Declaration of Independence: A Transcription |publisher=] |accessdate=September 7, 2017}}</ref>
	* The ], becoming the ]
	* The ], commonly known as the Lower Counties of Delaware, which was ] before their declaration of independence on June 15, 1776<ref>{{cite web|url=http://delaware.gov/topics/facts/gov.shtml |title=Delaware Government Facts & Symbols |publisher=Government of Delaware |accessdate=January 16, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109144723/https://delaware.gov/topics/facts/gov.shtml |archivedate=January 9, 2017 |df= }}</ref>
	* The ], becoming the ]
	* The ], becoming the ]
	* The ], becoming the ]
	* The ], which was the ] before their declaration of independence on June 15, 1776<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AYk0AQAAMAAJ |title=The Laws of the State of New Hampshire |year=1824 |pages=239–240 |accessdate=January 16, 2017|author1=Hampshire |first1=New }}</ref>
	* The ], becoming the ]
	* The ], becoming the ]
	* The ], becoming the ]; some believe the colony ] on May 20, 1775, but this is disputed
	* The ], becoming the ]
	* The ], commonly known as Rhode Island, which was the ] before declaring independence on May 4, 1776<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/rhode-island-declares-independence |title=Rhode Island declares independence |publisher=] |accessdate=January 16, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118033158/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/rhode-island-declares-independence |archivedate=January 18, 2017 |df= }}</ref>
	* The ], becoming the ]
	* The ], becoming the ]
			== notes ==
	The capital was not specifically established; at the time, the ] met in ].<ref name="capitals">{{cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm |title=Nine Capitals of the United States |publisher=U.S. Senate |accessdate=March 19, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320084755/https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm |archivedate=March 20, 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref name="histcaps">{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/news/8-forgotten-capitals-of-the-united-states |title=8 Forgotten Capitals of the United States |publisher=] |accessdate=March 12, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126151622/http://www.history.com/news/8-forgotten-capitals-of-the-united-states |archivedate=January 26, 2017 |df= }}</ref>
			1819-03-02: Enabling Act for admission defined boundaries as above; sec 3 provided:
	Many states had vaguely defined and surveyed borders; these are not noted as contested in the maps unless there was an active dispute. The borders of North Carolina were particularly poorly surveyed, its border with South Carolina having been done in several pieces, none of which truly matched the spirit of the charter,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carolana.com/Carolina/Noteworthy_Events/NC_SC_border_surveys.html |title=The North Carolina – South Carolina Border Surveys – 1730 to 1815 |accessdate=December 30, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054336/http://www.carolana.com/Carolina/Noteworthy_Events/NC_SC_border_surveys.html |archivedate=March 4, 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/24/opinion/sunday/how-the-carolinas-fixed-their-blurred-lines.html?_r=0 |title=How the Carolinas Fixed Their Blurred Lines |work=] |author=Kelly, Stephen R. |date=August 23, 2014|accessdate=December 30, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831014105/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/24/opinion/sunday/how-the-carolinas-fixed-their-blurred-lines.html?_r=0 |archivedate=August 31, 2014 |df= }}</ref> and its border with Virginia was only surveyed roughly halfway inland from the sea.
			if the south line encroaches on Wayne, Green, or Jackson Counties in Mississippi, the line will be changed to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula
			1820-10-12: field notes filed for survey from bear creek to washington county
	Several northeastern states had overlapping claims: Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York all claimed land west of their accepted borders, overlapping with each other and with a sizable claim by Virginia. Of the three, only Connecticut seriously pursued its claims, while Virginia is considered to have had the most legitimate claim to the vast northwest, dividing it into counties and maintaining some limited control.
			1820-07-19: demarcation of new line from washington county to gulf
	The entirety of the new United States was claimed by Great Britain. Of particular note are ] and ], two small islands off the northeast coast which remain disputed up to the present.
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>
	]
	|-
	!scope=row|September 20, 1776
	|The Counties of New Castle, Kent, and Sussex, upon Delaware enacted a ], renaming itself ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/de02.asp |title=Constitution of Delaware |year=1776 |publisher=] |work=] |accessdate=June 10, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709205617/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/de02.asp |archivedate=July 9, 2009 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|]
	|-
	!scope=row|September 28, 1776
	|The State of Pennsylvania enacted a ], renaming itself the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/pa08.asp |title=Constitution of Pennsylvania |year=1776 |publisher=] |work=] |accessdate=January 16, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126144236/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/pa08.asp |archivedate=January 26, 2017 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|December 20, 1776
	|To avoid ] forces who were advancing on ], the ] began meeting in ].<ref name="capitals" /><ref name="histcaps" />
	|align="center"|]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 15, 1777
	|The northeastern region of ], known as the ], declared independence as ].{{efn|New Connecticut claimed the portion of New York east of: from the northern border with Great Britain; south through Lake Champlain and the Poultney River; then following borders of townships, which at the time were likely not surveyed.<ref name="vz-vt" />}}<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qO87AAAAIAAJ | title=Provincial and State Papers relating to New Hampshire | year=1877 | accessdate=January 16, 2017 | pages=242–246| author1=Court | first1=New Hampshire (Colony) Probate }}</ref><ref name="newconnecticut">Vermont 2006 J.R.H. 3, {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061011144319/http://www.leg.state.vt.us/docs/legdoc.cfm?URL=%2Fdocs%2F2006%2Facts%2FACTR105.HTM |date=2006-10-11 }}</ref><ref name="vz-vt" />
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>
	]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 4, 1777
	|The ] returned to ] after the threat to it by ] forces was ended.<ref name="capitals" /><ref name="histcaps" />
	|align="center"|]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 4, 1777
	|New Connecticut was renamed ].<ref name="newconnecticut" />
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>
	]
	|-
	!scope=row|September 27, 1777
	|The ] fled ] after the American defeat at the ], and briefly met in ]<ref name="capitals" /><ref name="histcaps" />
	|align="center"|]
	|-
	!scope=row|September 30, 1777
	|The ] continued to move away from ], settling in ].<ref name="capitals" /><ref name="histcaps" />
	|align="center"|]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 11, 1778
	|] claimed what was called the "East Union," consisting of some towns in ] that petitioned on March 12, 1778, to join with Vermont due to a concern that their state was focusing too much on its coastal region. Vermont never gained full control over the area.{{efn|The New Hampshire towns petitioning to join Vermont were: ] (now Littleton), ], ], ] (now Orange), ], ] (now part of Hanover), ], ], ] (now Lisbon), ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref name="vt-firsteastunion" />}}<ref name="vt-firsteastunion">, pp. 89–103</ref><ref name="vt-unions" /><ref name="vt-enc-east-union" /> The specific extent of the towns annexed is unknown, as township borders were often delineated only when a dispute arose; the map uses the maximal interpretation.
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|October 21, 1778
	|Due to pressure from the ], ] rescinded the annexation of the East Union; the legislature declared on February 12, 1779, that the East Union should be considered null from its beginning.<ref name="vt-firsteastunion" /><ref name="vt-unions" /><ref name="vt-enc-east-union" />
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 2, 1779
	|The ] returned to ] following ] ].<ref name="capitals" /><ref name="histcaps" />
	|align="center"|]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 31, 1779
	|] surrendered its ] to southwest ] when the two states agreed to extend the ] westward to five degrees west of the ], with the border turning north from there.{{efn|Virginia had claimed the portion of Pennsylvania south of the ], ], ], and ] Rivers, and west of the Laurel Ridge; Pennsylvania claimed the area "westwards 5 degrees of longitude" from its eastern borders, according to its colonial boundaries. The solution was to extend the Mason-Dixon Line, which had been run west of the western end of ], to a distance of 5 degrees west from the ] at that latitude. The border would then run north from there.<ref name="vz-pa" />}}<ref>Van Zandt, p. 83</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Crumrine|first=Boyd|date=1902|title=Boundary Controversy between Pennsylvania and Virginia; 1748–1785|url=https://archive.org/details/boundarycontrove00crum|journal=]|volume=1|pages=505–568|accessdate=August 20, 2017}}</ref>
	|align="center"|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 1780
	|] and ] surveyed their border further inland. Virginia's survey reached to the ], but North Carolina's only went as far as the ], and as the two surveys were roughly two miles apart, this created a thin area claimed by both states. Since the dispute only technically went as far west as the Cumberland Gap, beyond that point North Carolina's line is faded to show that it was more an assumption, and beyond the Tennessee River both lines are faded. While the border was intended to follow ], early surveying errors caused it to veer north of that, reaching a distance of seventeen miles off by the time it reached the Tennessee River.<ref name='tn-va-border'>{{cite web|url=http://www.virginiaplaces.org/boundaries/tnboundary.html |title=Virginia-Tennessee Border |accessdate=January 4, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206233816/http://www.virginiaplaces.org/boundaries/tnboundary.html |archivedate=February 6, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|]
	|-
	!scope=row|October 25, 1780
	|The State of Massachusetts Bay enacted a ], renaming itself the ].
	|align="center"|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 1, 1781
	|The ] entered into force.<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/artconf.asp
	|title=Articles of Confederation
	|publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
	|accessdate=October 31, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151029080610/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/artconf.asp
	|archivedate=October 29, 2015
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|April 4, 1781
	|] again claimed an East Union, consisting of some towns in ] that wished to join with Vermont; more towns were interested than during the first attempt in 1778, though again, the exact extent of the borders is unknown. Vermont never gained full control over the area.{{efn|The New Hampshire towns petitioning to join Vermont were: ], ], ], ] (now Orange), ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], "Gilsom" (likely ]), ], ], ] (now Lisbon), ], ], ], ], ], ], ] ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] (now Sunapee), ],
	], and ].<ref name="vt-state-papers-136-137" />}}<ref name="vz-vt" /><ref name="vt-state-papers-136-137">, pp. 136–137: "Agreeably to the recommendation of the committees, the Legislature of Vermont was adjourned to the first Wednesday of April ; at which time, it met at Windsor, and the union of the grants, east and west of Connecticut river, was consummated"</ref><ref name="vt-unions">{{cite web|url=http://academics.smcvt.edu/vtgeographic/textbook/historical/historical_geography_of_vermont.htm |title=The Historical Geography of Vermont |accessdate=January 24, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112223456/http://academics.smcvt.edu/vtgeographic/textbook/historical/historical_geography_of_vermont.htm |archivedate=January 12, 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref name="vt-enc-east-union">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=The Vermont Encyclopedia | title=East Union | year=2003 | publisher=University Press of New England | id=1584650869 | url=https://books.google.com/?id=uTBCXqOou0YC&lpg=PA319&pg=PA111#v=onepage&f=false | page=111| isbn=978-1-58465-086-7 }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 16, 1781
	|] claimed what was called the "West Union," consisting of some towns in ], mainly to counterbalance Vermont's attempt at eastward expansion. Vermont never gained full control over the area.{{efn|The New York towns petitioning to join Vermont were: "Black-Creek" (unknown; possibly is or is near ]), ], ], ], "Greenfield" (unknown; there is a town named ] but it lies west of the ], which was explicitly the western extent of the West Union), ], ], "Little Hoosack" (unknown; presumably near Hoosick), ], "Scorticook" (possibly ]), ] (now Whitehall), and "Upper-White-Creek" (probably ]).<ref name="vt-state-papers-138" />}}<ref name="vz-vt" /><ref name="vt-unions" /><ref name="vt-state-papers-138">, pp. 138–141</ref><ref name="vt-enc-west-union">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=The Vermont Encyclopedia | title=West Union | year=2003 | publisher=University Press of New England | id=1584650869 | url=https://books.google.com/?id=uTBCXqOou0YC&lpg=PA319&pg=PA319#v=onepage&f=false | page=319| isbn=978-1-58465-086-7 }}</ref> The specific date this occurred is unclear; sources suggest June 16, June 26, and July 18.
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|February 22, 1782
	|] abandoned its attempts to annex the East Union from ] and the West Union from ].<ref name="vz-vt" /><ref name="vt-enc-east-union" /><ref name="vt-enc-west-union" /><ref>{{ussc|name=Vermont v. New Hampshire|volume=289|page=593|year=1933}}</ref>
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|October 29, 1782
	|The federal government accepted the ] from ] of its western claims, which the state ceded on February 17, 1780. New York proclaimed its new western border to be a line drawn south from the western end of ]; at its maximum interpretation, the state claimed an area bordered by ], ] and ]; to the ], ], and ] Rivers; and north along the ], ending at the border with ]. It is unclear from where this claim came; many sources state that New York had surrendered it, but very few elaborate on how it was obtained. One source states that it was a cession by the ], who had conquered much of the region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.virginiaplaces.org/boundaries/cessions.html |title=Virginia's Cession of the Northwest Territory |accessdate=June 21, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817091436/http://www.virginiaplaces.org/boundaries/cessions.html |archivedate=August 17, 2016 |df= }}</ref> However, New York never seriously enforced these claims. The cession included the small tip of New York north of Pennsylvania, the ].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=yIwMAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA384&pg=PA384#v=onepage&f=false | title=The United States: its beginnings, progress and modern development, Volume 3 | author=Spencer, Jesse Ames | accessdate=January 14, 2016| year=1912 }}</ref><ref name="vz-ny">Van Zandt, pp. 74–79</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 30, 1782
	|The ] declared that the land that ] claimed in northern ] was part of Pennsylvania, thus attempting to end the ].<ref>{{cite journal | journal=Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society | volume=6 | year=1921 | title=The "Pennamite Wars" and the Trenton Decree of 1782 | author=Gnichtel, Frederick W. | url=https://books.google.com/?id=k7WfAAAAMAAJ&lpg=PA31&pg=PA31#v=onepage&q&f=false | accessdate=November 8, 2015}}</ref> The claim was an extension of Connecticut's northernmost and southernmost borders westward, skipping ] and ], though as Connecticut's northern border was a few miles north of ]'s northern border, a small sliver of New York was also claimed. While conflict would continue for some time, this was the end of the formal claim by Connecticut.
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 30, 1783
	|The ], and the ] government reaction to it, caused the ] to leave ] for ].<ref name="capitals" />
	|align="center"|]
	|-
	!scope=row|November 26, 1783
	|The ] reconvened in ].<ref name="capitals" />
	|align="center"|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 1, 1784
	|] ceded ] northwest of the ] to the federal government.<ref>{{cite book|title=Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789|pages=Vol. 26, pp. 112–121|url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=026/lljc026.db&recNum=117&itemLink=r%3Fammem%2Fhlaw%3A%40field%28DOCID%2B%40lit%28jc0261%29%29%230260001&linkText=1|editor=Worthing C. Ford|display-editors=etal}}</ref><ref name="vz-va">Van Zandt, pp. 92–95</ref> ] continued to claim its western lands that had overlapped Virginia's cession.
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 12, 1784
	|] ] the independence of the United States, ending its claim to the country.<ref name="treatyofparis"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070515104532/http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=6 |date=2007-05-15 }}; International Treaties and Related Records, 1778–1974; General Records of the United States Government, Record Group 11; National Archives.</ref> The treaty ended the ], though military action had largely ended after the ] victory at ] on October 19, 1781.
			1822-1839: 1817-? border run east as far as georgia
	Because of ambiguities and poor knowledge of geography, the treaty was unclear in several areas:
	* The northeastern border was defined as running from the headlands of the ], but there were several options for that.
	* The northwestern border was defined as a line running west from the ] to the ], but the river's source was south of that; maps universally show the line as running directly from the ] to the river's source, ].
	* The border extending from ] towards the Lake of the Woods was poorly defined as starting from "Long Lake," which both sides interpreted to their advantage.
	* ] and ], off ], remained disputed, as did ] off the ].
			1831: 4 Stat L. 479 defined AL-FL border was 31 N
	The ] also involved treaties with ] and ], with Great Britain ceding the ] to ]. During their ownership of ], the British had moved its border north, and the cession to Spain appeared to apply to the full extent of the British colony. However, the British-American treaty granted the extension of West Florida to the United States, where it enlarged ] south to the ], indicating that only the original definition of West Florida was to be ceded to Spain. The local Spanish governors also made a move to occupy forts along the ], with claims to everything south of the ]; it is unknown how official or strong these claims were, and they are not mapped as they are in conflict with the other Spanish claim involving the border of West Florida.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=0iFyAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA26&lpg=PA26#v=onepage&f=false | title=A History of Tennessee from 1663 to 1914: For Use in Schools | author=McGee, Gentry Richard | pages=95–99 | accessdate=December 29, 2015| year=1911 }}</ref>
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|}
			1847: AL-FL line described as Ellicott's Line:
	===1784–1803 (Organization of territory)===
			beginning on the Chattahoochee near "Irwin's Mills"
	{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
			West to the Perdido
	|-
	!scope="col"|Date
	!scope="col"|Event
	!scope="col"|Change Map
	|-
	!scope=row|August 23, 1784
	|A region in central ], unhappy with the state's governance over the area, declared independence from the state as the ].<ref>{{cite book | title=History of the Lost State of Franklin | author=Williams, Samuel C. | year=1933 | url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/_Topics/history/_Texts/WILLSF/home.html | page=30}}</ref> The government of Frankland held some control over the area, and petitioned for statehood, receiving support from seven of the nine states required, but would only last a few years.<ref name="franklin">{{cite news|url=http://www.bnd.com/living/liv-columns-blogs/answer-man/article100650397.html |title=The state that almost was an original colony |work=Belleville News-Democrat |accessdate=March 13, 2017 |date=September 8, 2016 |author=Schlueter, Roger |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909150837/http://www.bnd.com/living/liv-columns-blogs/answer-man/article100650397.html |archivedate=September 9, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Unofficial change:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|November 1, 1784
	|The ] moved for a short time to ].<ref name="capitals" />
	|align="center"|]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 11, 1785
	|The ] moved to ], and would settle there for five years.<ref name="capitals" />
	|align="center"|]
	|-
	!scope=row|April 19, 1785
	|The federal government accepted the ] from ] of its extreme western claim, which consisted of a strip of land west of ] and the ], bounded on the north by a line extending west from roughly halfway north through ], which was the maximal interpretation of Massachusetts Bay's colonial borders, and on the south by a line extending from the state's southwest corner. The claim was never seriously enforced.<ref name="vz-ma" />
	|align="center"|Change on paper only:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 1785
	|The State of Frankland was renamed the ], to encourage ] to endorse the state, though he declined.<ref name="franklin" />
	|align="center"|Unofficial change:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|September 13, 1786
	|] surrendered its western claim to the federal government except for its ], though it is unclear how much control they held over the ceded region;<ref name="vz-ct">Van Zandt, pp. 72–74</ref><ref name="vz-cessions">Van Zandt, pp. 47–49</ref> like the claim to ], this was a western extension of Connecticut's northernmost and southernmost points.
	|align="center"|Change on paper only:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 16, 1786
	|] ] its claim to western ], though it is unclear if Massachusetts ever held control over the region, as the claim was to the "soil, not the sovereignty".<ref name="vz-ma" /> This land, which was the area west of a north-south line 82 miles west of where the ] entered New York, was later known as the ]. It is likely that Massachusetts also claimed the ], but since this treaty was directly with New York, and New York had already ceded it to the federal government, it is not marked as being ceded by Massachusetts on the map.
	|align="center"|Change on paper only:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 13, 1787
	|The Territory Northwest of the ], ceded earlier by ], was ] and commonly became known as the ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316233849/http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=8 |date=March 16, 2013}}, July 13, 1787; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M332, roll 9); Miscellaneous Papers of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789; Records of the Continental and Confederation Congresses and the Constitutional Convention, 1774–1789, Record Group 360; National Archives.</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 9, 1787
	|] ceded its western claim to the federal government,<ref>{{cite book|title=Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789|volume=33 | pages=466–477|url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=033/lljc033.db&recNum=83&itemLink=r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc03317))%230330084&linkText=1|editor=Worthington C. Ford|display-editors=etal}}</ref> though it was a result of inaccurate geography and South Carolina never actually held claim to this land. The claim was of a strip of land between the border of ] and the source of the ] but, unknown at the time, the river originated in North Carolina. The eastern part of this cession would be given to ] in 1802, despite Georgia technically already having claim to the land.
	|align="center"|Change on paper only:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 7, 1787
	|] became the first state to ratify the ].<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratde.asp
	|title=Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Delaware; December 7, 1787
	|publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
	|accessdate=October 31, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220123737/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratde.asp
	|archivedate=December 20, 2015
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|December 12, 1787
	|] became the second state to ratify the ].<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratpa.asp
	|title=Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Pennsylvania; December 12, 1787
	|publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
	|accessdate=October 31, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105061228/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratpa.asp
	|archivedate=November 5, 2015
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|December 18, 1787
	|] became the third state to ratify the ].<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratnj.asp
	|title=Ratification of the Constitution by the State of New Jersey; December 18, 1787
	|publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
	|accessdate=October 31, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923083203/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratnj.asp
	|archivedate=September 23, 2015
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|January 2, 1788
	|] became the fourth state to ratify the ].<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratga.asp
	|title=Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Georgia; January 2, 1788
	|publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
	|accessdate=October 31, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220224732/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratga.asp
	|archivedate=December 20, 2015
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|January 6, 1788
	|] became the fifth state to ratify the ].<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratct.asp
	|title=Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Connecticut; January 8, 1788
	|publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
	|accessdate=October 31, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107080241/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratct.asp
	|archivedate=November 7, 2015
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|February 6, 1788
	|] became the sixth state to ratify the ].<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratma.asp
	|title=Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Massachusetts; February 6, 1788
	|publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
	|accessdate=October 31, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209044703/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratma.asp
	|archivedate=February 9, 2016
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|April 28, 1788
	|] became the seventh state to ratify the ].<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratme.asp
	|title=Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Maryland; April 28, 1788
	|publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
	|accessdate=October 31, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710125028/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratme.asp
	|archivedate=July 10, 2015
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|May 23, 1788
	|] became the eighth state to ratify the ].<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratsc.asp
	|title=Ratification of the Constitution by the State of South Carolina; May 23, 1788
	|publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
	|accessdate=October 31, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108102025/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratsc.asp
	|archivedate=November 8, 2015
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|June 21, 1788
	|] became the ninth state to ratify the ];<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratnh.asp
	|title=Ratification of the Constitution by the State of New Hampshire; June 21, 1788
	|publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
	|accessdate=October 31, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105061223/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratnh.asp
	|archivedate=November 5, 2015
	|df=
	}}</ref> at this point, the Constitution became the active governing document of the country.
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|June 25, 1788
	|] became the tenth state to ratify the ].<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratva.asp
	|title=Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Virginia; June 26, 1788
	|publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
	|accessdate=October 31, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822161000/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratva.asp
	|archivedate=August 22, 2015
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|July 26, 1788
	|] became the eleventh state to ratify the ].<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratny.asp
	|title=Ratification of the Constitution by the State of New York; July 26, 1788
	|publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
	|accessdate=October 31, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024010823/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratny.asp
	|archivedate=October 24, 2015
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|February 1789
	|], governor of the ], pledged allegiance to ], effectively ending the claimed independence of Franklin.<ref name="franklin" /><ref>{{cite book | title=History of the Lost State of Franklin | author=Williams, Samuel C. | year=1933 | url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/_Topics/history/_Texts/WILLSF/home.html | page=230}}</ref>
	|align="center"|Unofficial change:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 7, 1789
	|The ] was reorganized under the ].<ref>{{usstat|1|50}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|November 21, 1789
	|] became the twelfth state to ratify the ].<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratnc.asp
	|title=Ratification of the Constitution by the State of North Carolina; November 21, 1789
	|publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
	|accessdate=October 31, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123223225/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratnc.asp
	|archivedate=November 23, 2015
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|April 2, 1790
	|] ceded its western half to the federal government.<ref>{{usstat|1|106}}</ref><ref name="vz-tn" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 26, 1790
	|The land recently ceded by ] was organized as the Territory South of the River Ohio, commonly known as the ].<ref name="vz-tn" /><ref>{{usstat|1|123}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 29, 1790
	|] became the thirteenth state to ratify the ].<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratri.asp
	|title=Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Rhode Island; May 29, 1790
	|publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
	|accessdate=October 30, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122110326/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/ratri.asp
	|archivedate=November 22, 2015
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|December 6, 1790
	|Per the ], the ] relocated to ] for ten years until a ] was built and ready.<ref name="capitals" /><ref name="histcaps" /><ref>{{usstat|1|130}}</ref>
	|align="center"|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 4, 1791
	|], which had been considered part of ] despite ] since 1777, was admitted as the fourteenth state.<ref name="vz-vt">Van Zandt, pp. 64–65</ref><ref>{{usstat|1|191}}</ref>
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 30, 1791
	|The ], a ] planned to house the federal government by 1800, was ] from land ceded by ] and ],<ref>{{usstat|1|130}}, {{usstat|1|214}}</ref><ref name="vz-dc" /> consisting of a 100 square mile diamond straddling the ]. However, it was not yet given that name, being simply referred to as the federal district. In September 1791, the commissioners in charge of planning the city would term it the "Territory of Columbia", and various laws refer to a District of Columbia, but sometimes informally. The area does not appear to have been formally named "District of Columbia" until at least the ].<ref>{{cite journal
	| last = Tindall
	| first = William
	| date = February 25, 1919
	| title = Naming the Seat of Government of the United States: A Legislative Paradox
	| journal = Records of the Columbia Historical Society
	| publisher = Historical Society of Washington, D.C.
	| volume = 23
	| jstor = 40067136
	| pages = 10–25
	}}</ref> Since the name "Columbia" was used from very early on, and at least informally by the government, the map will use "District of Columbia" starting from this date.
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 3, 1792
	|] purchased the ] from the federal government.<ref name="vz-pa">Van Zandt, pp. 80–84</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 1, 1792
	|The western half of ], which the state had agreed in 1789 to cede to the federal government,<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624063836/http://law.lis.virginia.gov/compacts/compact-and-boundary-with-kentucky/ |date=June 24, 2016 }}</ref> was admitted as the fifteenth state, ].<ref>{{usstat|1|189}}</ref><ref name="vz-ky">Van Zandt, p. 111</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 12, 1792
	|The Delaware State enacted a ], renaming itself the ].<ref>{{cite book | title=The Federal and State Constitutions, Colonial Charters, and Other Organic Laws of the States, Territories, and Colonies Now or Heretofore Forming the United States of America | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bWeHAAAAMAAJ | publisher=] | author = Thorpe, Francis Newton | year=1906 | page=568 | accessdate=October 26, 2009 | isbn=0-89941-792-2}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|February 29, 1796
	|] ] to abandon several forts in the northwest that it still occupied, including ]. The treaty also provided for commissions to determine the border between the ] and the ] of the ], and which river to consider the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/jay.html |title=Jay's Treaty |publisher=] |accessdate=November 2, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151027175250/http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/jay.html |archivedate=October 27, 2015 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|April 25, 1796
	|The northern half of ] was ] by ], resolving the dispute over the region.<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/sp1795.asp
	|title=Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation Between Spain and The United States; October 27, 1795
	|publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
	|accessdate=October 30, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112201043/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/sp1795.asp
	|archivedate=November 12, 2015
	|df=
	}}</ref><ref>Van Zandt, p. 22</ref>
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 1, 1796
	|The ] was admitted as the sixteenth state, ].<ref name="vz-tn">Van Zandt, pp. 109–111</ref><ref>{{usstat|1|491}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|April 7, 1798
	|Due to the ], an act authorized President ] to appoint commissioners to negotiate with ] about ceding its western land. The act created ] from the southwestern quarter of Georgia in the region recently ceded by ], while maintaining that Georgia still held rights over the territory.<ref>{{usstat|1|549}}</ref><ref name="vz-ms" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|October 25, 1798
	|Commissioners agreed on the source of the ], setting the lower portion of the border between ] and ] and, thus, where the eastern north-south line originated.<ref>Van Zandt, p. 12</ref>
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 9, 1800
	|] ceded its ] to the federal government, which assigned it to the ].<ref>{{usstat|2|56}}</ref> The act doing so was passed in Congress on April 28, 1800, and Connecticut approved it on this date.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CYYUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA216&lpg=PA216&source=bl&ots=K-c5I4qKCp&sig=rmrPzarb-hblPLq843V2PumJZpA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAWoVChMIidPC-q_pyAIVgzomCh345Asw#v=onepage&f=false |accessdate=October 29, 2015 |title=Proclamation of President Adams Accepting the Political Rights over Western Reserve |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604034131/https://books.google.com/books?id=CYYUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA216&lpg=PA216&source=bl&ots=K-c5I4qKCp&sig=rmrPzarb-hblPLq843V2PumJZpA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAWoVChMIidPC-q_pyAIVgzomCh345Asw |archivedate=June 4, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 4, 1800
	|] was organized from the ], west of a line from the mouth of the ] to ], and a line north from there.<ref>{{usstat|2|58}}</ref><ref name="vz-in" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|November 17, 1800
	|The ] moved to ] in the ], now built and ready to be the capital.<ref name="capitals" /> This was two weeks before the December 1 date established in the ]; President ] urged Congress to move early in hopes of securing enough Southern votes to be re-elected, though this failed.<ref>{{citation |author=Carter II, Edward C. |title=Benjamin Henry Latrobe and the Growth and Development of Washington, 1798–1818 |journal=Records of the Columbia Historical Society |date=1971–1972 |pages=139}}</ref>
	|align="center"|]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 1, 1801
	|The ] ] with the ], renaming itself the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rahbarnes.demon.co.uk/Union/Union1800.htm |title=The Acts of Union, 1800 |accessdate=November 10, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923173434/http://www.rahbarnes.demon.co.uk/Union/Union1800.htm |archivedate=September 23, 2015 |df= }}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|February 27, 1801
	|The ] was ].<ref name="vz-dc" /><ref>{{usstat|2|103}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|April 26, 1802
	|] ceded its western half, known as the ], to the federal government; this region was west of the ] up to its great bend (near ]), then a line from there towards and past ]. At the same time, the federal government ceded to Georgia the eastern portion of the land previously ceded by ], though in reality Georgia technically already held title to the land, as the description of the earlier cession was based on an erroneous understanding of geography.<ref name="vz-ga">Van Zandt, pp. 100–104</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 1, 1803
	|The southern half of the ], along with a thin sliver of ], was admitted as the seventeenth state, ]. The remainder of the Northwest Territory was transferred to Indiana Territory.<ref>{{usstat|2|173}}</ref><ref name="vz-oh">Van Zandt, pp. 111–114</ref> The western border was a line due north from the mouth of the ] to a point east from the southern tip of ]. The federal description then said it should go east from there, whereas the Ohio Constitution stated it should intersect with the most northerly cape of ], essentially the western tip of ]. The confusion caused by these varying descriptions of the state's borders, combined with inaccurate knowledge of geography, as no one at the time knew just how far south Lake Michigan extended, would lead to the ].
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|November 3, 1803
	|The border between ] and ] was resurveyed and established, ending the dispute over that part of the border. The border between ] and ], despite following the original survey, remained vaguely defined.<ref name="tn-va-border" /><ref>{{ussc|name=Virginia v. Tennessee|volume=148|page=503|year=1893}}</ref>
	|]
	|}
			1853: Ellicott's Line resurveyed
	===1803–1818 (Purchase of Louisiana)===
	{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
	|-
	!scope="col"|Date
	!scope="col"|Event
	!scope="col"|Change Map
	|-
	!scope=row|December 20, 1803
	|The United States ] ] from ]. This is the date of the formal turnover in ]; the purchase was completed on April 30, 1803.<ref name="vz-louisianapurchase" /> The transfer would be recognized in ] in ] on March 10, 1804, known as ].
			1906: AL-MS boundary described as:
	The extent of what constituted Louisiana was disputed with ]: the United States claimed the purchase included the part of ] west of the ], and the southwestern border with ] was ], as the United States claimed the ] as the border, but Spain maintained it was the ] and others.
			West bank of tennessee, six four-pole chains south of and above the mouth of yellow creek
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>
			Up that to the mouth of Bear Creek
	]
			Line to what was formerly the NW corner of Washington County
	|-
			Line to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula
	!scope=row|1804
	|The "]" was transferred from ] to ], to put to rest long-standing disagreements over the border between the two states.<ref name="vz-ma">Van Zandt, pp. 65–71</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 27, 1804
	|The land between ] and ] previously ceded by ] was assigned to Mississippi Territory.<ref name="vz-ms" /><ref>{{usstat|2|303}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|October 1, 1804
	|] was organized from the ] south of the ], with the remainder being designated the ] and placed under the jurisdiction of ].<ref>{{usstat|2|283}}</ref><ref name="vz-la" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 30, 1805
	|] was organized from ], defined as north of a line east from the southern tip of ], and east of a line north from the lake's northern tip.<ref>{{usstat|2|309}}</ref><ref name="vz-mi" /> The southeastern portion of the border technically conflicted with the definition of ], which claimed the ] north of that line; however, the exact position of Lake Michigan was not yet known.
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 4, 1805
	|The ] was organized as ].<ref name="vz-la" /><ref>{{usstat|2|331}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 1, 1809
	|] was organized from ], west of the ] and a line north from ].<ref>{{usstat|2|514}}</ref><ref name="vz-il" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|September 26, 1810
	|The ] declared independence from ]. It maintained some control over its territory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.org/publications/working_papers/article.asp?id=1478 |title="Not Merely Perfidious but Ungrateful": The U.S. Takeover of West Florida |publisher=Independent Institute |author=Higgs, Robert |accessdate=June 14, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160523091425/http://www.independent.org/publications/working_papers/article.asp?id=1478 |archivedate=May 23, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 10, 1810
	|Armed forces led by ] took possession of the portion of ] west of the ], following a proclamation on October 27, 1810, by President ] to do so. The United States had considered the region part of the ], including the area which had revolted against ] and formed the ]. Madison's proclamation stated that it was to be "taken as part" of ].<ref name="vz-floridapurchase" /><ref name="vz-louisianapurchase">Van Zandt, pp. 23–26</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://millercenter.org/president/madison/speeches/speech-3610 |title=Proclamation—Occupation of West Florida (October 27, 1810) |publisher=] |accessdate=October 29, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030015016/http://millercenter.org/president/madison/speeches/speech-3610 |archivedate=October 30, 2015 |df= }}</ref> The land west of Mobile Bay to the Pearl River was occupied and annexed ''de facto'' by the military in 1811.<ref name="Cox">{{cite book|title=The West Florida Controversy, 1798–1813 – a Study in American Diplomacy|author=] | publisher=The Johns Hopkins Press|location = Baltimore, Maryland| date=1918|url=https://books.google.com/?id=B14dAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=isaac+cox+west+florida#v=onepage&q=isaac%20cox%20west%20florida&f=false}}</ref>{{rp|2a}}<sup>()</sup>
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|April 30, 1812
	|Most of ] was admitted as the eighteenth state, ]. It was defined as the portion of the territory east of a line north from where the ] crosses the ], and west of the ] and ] Rivers.<ref name="vz-la">Van Zandt, pp. 106–108</ref><ref>{{usstat|2|701}}</ref> The remainder presumably became unorganized territory, as it had no definition for a while.
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 14, 1812
	|The claimed portion of ] east of the ] was assigned to ], though the area around Mobile Bay remained under the control of ].<ref name="vz-ms" /><ref>{{usstat|2|734}}</ref> The United States militarily occupied Mobile and the surrounding area up to the ] in April 1813.
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 4, 1812
	|Since its name was now shared with the state of ], ] was renamed ].<ref>{{usstat|2|743}}</ref><ref name="vz-mo" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 4, 1812
	|The remaining claimed portion of ] was added to ], following the assent of that state to an act passed by Congress on April 14, 1812.<ref>{{usstat|2|708}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=A General Digest of the Acts of the Legislature of Louisiana: Passed from the Year 1804, to 1827, Inclusive | page=9 | url=https://books.google.com/?id=L25GAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA9&lpg=RA1-PA9#v=onepage&f=false | accessdate=October 28, 2015| author1=Louisiana | first1= | last2=Lislet | first2=Louis Moreau | year=1828 }}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 16, 1812
	|During the ], the garrison at ] ], leading the ] to occupy ], the capital and population center of ].<ref name="fortdetroit">{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/detroit-surrenders-without-a-fight |title=Detroit surrenders without a fight |publisher=The History Channel |accessdate=June 13, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519093110/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/detroit-surrenders-without-a-fight |archivedate=May 19, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|September 29, 1813
	|] was recaptured by American forces following the ], regaining control over ].<ref name="fortdetroit" /><ref>{{Citation
	| last = Farmer
	| first = Silas
	| year = 1884
	| title = The History of Detroit and Michigan: Or, the Metropolis Illustrated
	| publisher = S. Farmer
	| publication-place = Detroit
	| url = https://books.google.com/?id=RH9FDeAyUJ4C
	| oclc = 359750
	| page=224
	}}</ref>
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 24, 1814
	|] forces ], but are forced to withdraw the next day. The functions of the capital were only momentarily suspended, though President ] took refuge in ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://townofbrookevillemd.org/about/town-history/ |title=Town History |publisher=Town of Brookville, Maryland |accessdate=June 13, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505183341/http://townofbrookevillemd.org/about/town-history/ |archivedate=May 5, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|December 11, 1816
	|The southern part of ], along with small parts of ] and ], were admitted as the nineteenth state, ]. The state was defined as the territory north of the ] and east of the ], but while the territory's line turned north at ], the state's border continued up the Wabash until it reached the point where a line drawn north from Post Vincennes would last intersect the river as it weaved back and forth. The northern border of the state was a line east from 10 miles north of the southern tip of ], until it reached the meridian that formed ]'s western border. Thus, a very small portion of Indiana Territory was transferred to Illinois Territory around the Wabash, Indiana took its northern slice from Michigan Territory, and the remainder of Indiana Territory across ] became unorganized territory.<ref name="vz-in">Van Zandt, pp. 114–115</ref><ref>{{usstat|3|289}}, {{usstat|3|399}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 3, 1817
	|] was organized from the eastern half of ].<ref>{{usstat|3|371}}</ref><ref name="vz-al" /> Its western border was, from the north: the ] to Bear Creek (around today's ]); a line from there to the northwestern corner of ]; and a line south from there.
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 10, 1817
	|] was admitted as the twentieth state, ].<ref name="vz-ms">Van Zandt, pp. 105–106</ref><ref>{{usstat|3|348}}, {{usstat|3|472}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|February 6, 1818
	|] created ] with a description that inadvertently overlapped with ]. It described the border of the county as running "a due west course to, the Tombeckbe river; thence up the same to the Cotton Gin Port".<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304202515/http://www.legislature.state.al.us/aliswww/history/acts_and_journals/Acts_1818_Jan-Feb/Page3_pgs_11-20.html |date=March 4, 2016 }}</ref> Unknown at the time, the origin of the ] and ] were in Mississippi.
	|align="center"|Change on paper only:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 30, 1818
	|Per the terms of the ] ending the ], the ] returned ] to ], and the United States returned ], ], and ] to the United Kingdom, all of which were captured from the other side during the war.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VpB2AAAAMAAJ | title=Maine in the Northeastern Boundary Controversy | author=Burrage, Henry Sweetser | year=1919 | accessdate=June 22, 2016 | page=78}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|December 3, 1818
	|The half of ] south of the parallel 42°30′ north was admitted as the twenty-first state, ]. The remainder of the territory, along with the unorganized territory that was recently part of ], was assigned to ].<ref name="vz-il">Van Zandt, pp. 116–117</ref><ref>{{usstat|3|428}}, {{usstat|3|536}}</ref>
	|]
	|}
			1911: Ellicott's Line resurveyed
	===1819–1845 (Northwest expansion)===
	{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
	|-
	!scope="col"|Date
	!scope="col"|Event
	!scope="col"|Change Map
	|-
	!scope=row|January 30, 1819
	|The ] went into effect, setting the ] as the border with the ] west of the ], and also establishing the ] as a shared region with the United Kingdom.<ref name="vz-1818">Van Zandt, pp. 14–15</ref><ref>{{usstat|8|248}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/83046.pdf |title=Treaties in Force |publisher=] |accessdate=July 14, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507053949/http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/83046.pdf |archivedate=May 7, 2015 |df= }}</ref> Oregon Country had no defined northern limit, but it can be assumed that it did not encroach much upon ]; this map uses the later-established line at the ] for simplicity.
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Northwestern North America:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 4, 1819
	|] was organized from ] south of the ].<ref>{{usstat|3|493}}</ref><ref name="vz-ar" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 14, 1819
	|] was admitted as the twenty-second state, ].<ref name="vz-al">Van Zandt, pp. 108–109</ref><ref>{{usstat|3|489}}, {{usstat|3|608}}</ref> The statehood act provided for a survey of the southern part of the border with ] for correction if it was discovered to encroach upon Mississippi's defined borders; it was later discovered to do so.
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 15, 1820
	|As part of the ], the ], the northern and separate part of ], was admitted as the twenty-third state, ].<ref>{{usstat|3|544}}</ref><ref name="vz-me">Van Zandt, pp. 55–60</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|April 21, 1820
	|This is the earliest known date of the name "]" being officially used instead of "Arkansaw Territory".<ref>{{usstat|3|565}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 12, 1820
	|The border between ] and ] was established. To make up for the fact that the border between the ] and the ] veered north as much as 17 miles from 36°30′ north, a new survey was conducted starting at that point on the ] and moving east to the Tennessee River, hence granting Kentucky an addition in its southwest.<ref name="tn-va-border" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 19, 1820
	|The overlap of the longitudinal southern border between ] and ] was resolved, as per the act admitting Alabama as a state, because the provisional border encroached on Mississippi.<ref name="vz-az" /><ref>{{cite book | title=The Official and Statistical Register of the State of Mississippi, Volume 4 | url=https://books.google.com/?id=pLC0kgvJJG4C&pg=PA57#v=onepage&f=false | pages=57–58 | accessdate=November 23, 2015| author1=Rowland | first1=Dunbar | year=1917 }}</ref> As the result of a survey, the southern border terminus was moved about 3.8 miles to the east, which changed the border up to the then-northwest corner of Alabama's Washington County. The date when this happened is unclear; the sources available give either an unpublished report dated May 29, 1820, or the completion of the demarcation of the new line on July 19, 1820.
	|align="center"|Change on paper only:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 19, 1820
	|] redefined some county borders, ending its erroneous overlap of ] created on February 6, 1818.<ref></ref>
	|align="center"|Change on paper only:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|February 22, 1821
	|The ] with ] took effect.<ref name="vz-floridapurchase">Van Zandt, pp. 26–27</ref> The many changes included:
	* The border with the holdings of Spain was concretely defined; previously, it had been the watershed of the ] and, for ], the ], whereas now it followed specific rivers and parallels. The new border was defined as, starting in the south: The ] to the ], then north to the ], following that to the ], then north to the ] to its source, then north from there to the ] and west to the ocean.
	* The new border placed the "]" in ].
	* ] was ceded to the United States, although the formal transfer would not happen until July.
	* ] had created ] south of the ], and this area was now on the Spanish side of the border. However, as this was a change made solely by the territory, and not by the federal government, in this map it is considered a domestic dispute.
	* With ] being ceded, the dispute between it and ], ], and ] was resolved.
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 10, 1821
	|] was formally transferred to the United States by ].<ref name="fl-transfer">{{cite web|url=https://www.floridamemory.com/blog/2012/07/17/9-the-united-states-formally-takes-control-of-florida/ |title=The United States Formally Takes Control of Florida (July 17, 1821) |accessdate=July 14, 2015 |publisher=State Library and Archives of Florida |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908071907/http://www.floridamemory.com/blog/2012/07/17/9-the-united-states-formally-takes-control-of-florida/ |archivedate=September 8, 2015 |df= }}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 17, 1821
	|] was formally transferred to the United States by ].<ref name="fl-transfer" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 10, 1821
	|The southeastern corner of ] was admitted as the twenty-fourth state, ], the rest becoming unorganized territory.<ref name="vz-mo" /><ref>{{usstat|3|545}}</ref> It was defined as the area south of a line west from the ], and east of a line south from the mouth of the ].
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 30, 1822
	|The former ] and ] were organized as ].<ref>{{usstat|3|654}}</ref><ref name="vz-fl" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 26, 1824
	|The western half of ], bordered by a line south from a point 40 miles west of ]'s western border, was returned to unorganized territory.<ref name="vz-ar" /><ref>{{usstat|4|40}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 12, 1825
	|A ] with the ] established the ] as the northern border of ] for American purposes; a separate treaty created the same border between Russia and the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.explorenorth.com/library/history/bl-rusus1825.htm |title=Convention Between the United States of America and His Majesty the Emperor of All the Russias, Relative to Navigating, Fishing, Etc., in the Pacific Ocean |accessdate=January 3, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319221147/http://www.explorenorth.com/library/history/bl-rusus1825.htm |archivedate=March 19, 2016 |df= }}</ref> As this was likely the ''de facto'' border anyway, the region is already mapped with this line.
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|May 6, 1828
	|A treaty with the ] moved the western border of ], returning part of it to unorganized territory.<ref name="vz-ar" /><ref>{{usstat|7|311}}</ref> The new border was defined as starting from where the land of the Eastern Choctaw met the ], then north from there to the mouth of the ], and from there to the southwestern corner of ].
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 20, 1831
	|King ], having been asked per the ] to arbitrate the disputed border between ] and the ], rendered his decision: Since reconciling the treaty with the maps given was too difficult, he drew a compromise line. The British government accepted it, but Maine protested, and on January 19, 1832, the American government rejected it.<ref>Van Zandt, pp. 15-17</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|July 9, 1832
	|The northernmost region of ], which was disputed with the ], declared independence as the ].<ref name="indianstream">{{cite journal
	| last = Keedy
	| first = Edwin R.
	| date = January 1953
	| title = The Constitutions of the State of Franklin, the Indian Stream Republic and the State of Deseret
	| journal = University of Pennsylvania Law Review
	| publisher = University of Pennsylvania Law Review
	| volume = 101
	| number = 4
	| jstor = 3309935
	| pages = 521–525
	}}</ref> While tiny, it does appear to have maintained some control over its territory.
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 28, 1834
	|] gained a large parcel of land from unorganized territory on its west, extending to the ].<ref name="vz-mi" /><ref>{{usstat|4|701}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 5, 1835
	|The ] recognized the jurisdiction of ], thus ending its claimed independence. The date given is of a communication sent to ] authorities;<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HhwfAQAAMAAJ | title=British and Foreign State Papers | year=1852 | page=444 | accessdate=June 28, 2016| author1=Foreign Office | first1=Great Britain }}</ref> other sources note a resolution passed by the citizens of Indian Stream on April 2, 1836.<ref name="indianstream" />
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 15, 1836
	|] was admitted as the twenty-fifth state, ].<ref name="vz-ar">Van Zandt, pp. 118–120</ref><ref>{{usstat|5|50}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 3, 1836
	|] was organized from the western bulk of ].<ref>{{usstat|5|10}}</ref><ref name="vz-wi" /> The two large peninsulas between the ] remained in Michigan Territory; the ] was included in exchange for the territory abandoning its claim to the ]. The territory initially rejected this plan, but would accept it on December 14.
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 14, 1836
	|] agreed to abandon its claim to the ], ending its dispute with ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mittenhistory.com/2013/12/14/the-frostbitten-convention-or-how-michigan-ended-the-toledo-war-and-became-a-state/ |title=The Frostbitten Convention; or, How Michigan Ended the Toledo War and Became a State |accessdate=June 22, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809123756/https://mittenhistory.com/2013/12/14/the-frostbitten-convention-or-how-michigan-ended-the-toledo-war-and-became-a-state/ |archivedate=August 9, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 26, 1837
	|] was admitted as the twenty-sixth state, ].<ref name="vz-mi">Van Zandt, pp. 127–128</ref><ref>{{usstat|5|144}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 28, 1837
	|The ] transferred some land from unorganized territory to northwest ], extending its northern border west to the ].<ref name="vz-mo">Van Zandt, pp. 117–118</ref><ref>{{usstat|5|34}}, {{usstat|5|802}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 3, 1838
	|] was organized from ] west of the ].<ref>{{usstat|5|235}}</ref><ref name="vz-ia" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|February 11, 1839
	|] claimed an area north of its ] in ], initiating the long dispute known as the ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509060745/https://books.google.com/books?id=GowFAAAAQAAJ&lpg=RA2-PA50&ots=6J3WDSbsj3&pg=RA2- |date=May 9, 2016 }}, accessed July 12, 2015</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 21, 1840
	|Proper surveying was conducted along the border between ] and ], and the area claimed by Arkansas for ] was held not to belong to Arkansas.<ref>{{usstat|5|674}}</ref>
	|align="center"|]
	|-
	!scope=row|November 10, 1842
	|The ] defined the border with the ] east of the ].<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/britain/br-1842.htm
	|title=Text of "The Webster–Ashburton Treaty"
	|publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
	|accessdate=2006-08-04
	|deadurl=yes
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060825042901/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/britain/br-1842.htm
	|archivedate=2006-08-25
	|df=
	}}</ref><ref>Van Zandt, pp. 17–18</ref> One source also mentions it very slightly altering the maritime boundary between Michigan and Wisconsin Territory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lib.msu.edu/exhibits/map/minnsliver.jsp |title=Evolution of Michigan's Boundaries: The Minnesota Sliver |publisher=] |accessdate=December 27, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108184914/https://www.lib.msu.edu/exhibits/map/minnsliver.jsp |archivedate=January 8, 2016 |df= }}</ref> The treaty resolved the disputes over the northern borders of ], ], ], and ].
			1954-05-06: AL and FL defined boundary at mouth of perdido and extend it into the gulf
	The border between ] and ] on the one side, and the United Kingdom on the other, was clarified by the treaty. In 1816, construction began on an unnamed fort nicknamed "]" on a peninsula in ] that, while south of the surveyed border, was discovered to be north of the ], which was the border set by the ] and thus in British territory. Consequently, construction on the fort was abandoned. The Webster–Ashburton Treaty specified that section of the border was to follow the surveyed line, rather than the exact parallel, thus moving the fort's area into the United States, and a new fort, ], would be built on the spot in 1844.<ref>Text from Webster–Ashburton Treaty: "till the line thus run intersects the old line of boundary surveyed and marked by Valentine and Collins previously to the year 1774, as the 45th degree of north latitude, and which has been known and understood to be the line of actual division between the States of New York and Vermont on one side, and the British Province of Canada on the other"</ref> As the earlier line was surveyed, even though it did not match the definition, it was deemed to be the legitimate border.
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 5, 1843
	|Local settlers created a ] for ]. While not official, it did maintain some jurisdiction over the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://arcweb.sos.state.or.us/pages/records/provisionalguide/1843Map.html |title=Provisional and Territorial Records Guide – 1843 Map |publisher=Oregon State Archives |accessdate=March 12, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231144937/http://arcweb.sos.state.or.us/pages/records/provisionalguide/1843Map.html |archivedate=December 31, 2015 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Unofficial change: ]<br><br>Northwestern North America:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 3, 1845
	|] was admitted as the twenty-seventh state, ].<ref name="vz-fl">Van Zandt, pp. 104–105</ref><ref>{{usstat|5|742}}</ref>
	|]
	|}
			Check code of alabama "1876, p. 189" for GA border, see vz 104
	===1845–1860 (Southwest expansion)===
	{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
	|-
	!scope="col"|Date
	!scope="col"|Event
	!scope="col"|Change Map
	|-
	!scope=row|December 29, 1845
	|The ] was ] and admitted as the twenty-eighth state, ].<ref>{{usstat|9|108}}</ref><ref name="vz-tx">Van Zandt, pp. 120–127</ref> All of Texas was claimed by ]. While many sources state that Mexico recognized the independence of the eastern portion of Texas, ] were rejected by the Mexican government. Texas formally handed over sovereignty to the United States in a ceremony on February 19, 1846.<ref name="texasstate">{{cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/texas |title=A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Texas |publisher=] |accessdate=April 3, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401084304/https://history.state.gov/countries/texas |archivedate=April 1, 2017 |df= }}</ref> The annexation led to the beginning of the ] a few months later.<ref name="texasstate" />
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 15, 1846
	|The ] established the ] west of the ] as the continental border (so it did not include ]) with land held by the ]. The sharing of ] ended, and the United States portion became unorganized territory.<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/br-1846.asp
	|title=Text of "Treaty with Great Britain, in Regard to Limits Westward of the Rocky Mountains"
	|publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
	|accessdate=2006-08-04
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419184450/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/br-1846.asp
	|archivedate=2009-04-19
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	The treaty was vague on which strait should be the border between Vancouver Island and the continent, thus causing a dispute over ownership of the ].<ref name="vz-18" /> It specified "through the middle of the said channel and of Fuca Straits, to the Pacific Ocean".
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Northwestern North America:<br>]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|September 22, 1846
	|Following the ] on August 18, 1846, of ], the capital of the ] territory of ],<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SOSEswVAEEC&lpg=PA129&pg=PA129#v=onepage | title=A Journey Through New Mexico History | author=Lavash, Donald | accessdate=March 16, 2016 | year=2006 | page=129| isbn=978-0-86534-541-6 }}</ref> a code of laws known as the ] was created for the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/kearney.asp |title=New Mexico – Laws for the Government of the Territory of New Mexico; September 22, 1846 |accessdate=March 16, 2016 |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401184136/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/kearney.asp |archivedate=April 1, 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/35381?view=print |title=(James S. Calhoun's Annotated Copy) Map of the Territory of New Mexico Made by Order of Brig. Gen. S.W. Kearny under Instructions from Lieut. W.H. Emory, U.S.T.E. by Lieut's J.W. Abert and W.G. Peck, U.S.T.E., 1846–7 |year=1850 |accessdate=March 16, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818150540/https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/35381?view=print |archivedate=August 18, 2016 |df= }}</ref> The region overlapped with ]' claim, though Texas had little to no control over the area outside of its eastern quarter.
	|align="center"|Unofficial change:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 28, 1846
	|The southern portion of ], south of parallel 43°30′ north and east of the ], was admitted as the twenty-ninth state, ]. The remainder became unorganized territory.<ref name="vz-ia">Van Zandt, pp. 131–133</ref><ref>{{usstat|9|117}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 13, 1847
	|The ] ] ] back to ].<ref name="vz-dc">Van Zandt, pp. 88–92</ref> Congress passed the act on July 9, 1846,<ref>{{usstat|9|35}}</ref> residents of Alexandria County were proclaimed by the president to have agreed to it on September 7, 1846,<ref>{{usstat|9|1000}}</ref> and Virginia took possession of the land on this date.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510045250/https://books.google.com/books?id=arlOAQAAIAAJ&lpg=PA41&ots=gqgVPUPY25&pg=PA41 |date=May 10, 2016 }}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 29, 1848
	|The southern bulk of ], mainly east of the ], was admitted as the thirtieth state, ]. The remainder became unorganized territory.<ref name="vz-wi">Van Zandt, pp. 128–131</ref><ref>{{usstat|9|233}}</ref> However, the citizens of the remainder decided to continue on with a civil government, and even elected a delegate to the United States House of Representatives who would be seated on January 15, 1849, essentially making this region a ''de facto'' continuation of Wisconsin Territory.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/henryhastingssib00willrich |title=Henry Hastings Sibley: A Memoir |pages=277–281 |author=Williams, J. Fletcher |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society |accessdate=December 28, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307002027/https://archive.org/details/henryhastingssib00willrich |archivedate=March 7, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 4, 1848
	|The ] ended the ] and ceded a ] from ], consisting of its territories of ] and ], and its claim to ].<ref>{{usstat|9|922}}</ref> Due to a disagreement over the southern border of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, a border dispute began.<ref name="vz-cession">Van Zandt, pp. 28–29</ref>
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 14, 1848
	|] was organized from the unorganized territory that was formerly part of ].<ref>{{usstat|9|323}}</ref><ref name="vz-or" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|February 13, 1849
	|The boundary dispute between ] and ] known as the ] was ] by the ]. The resulting border was the ] that existed before the dispute, roughly splitting the two claims.<ref name="honey">{{ussc|name=Missouri v. Iowa|volume=48|page=660|year=1849}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 3, 1849
	|] was organized from unorganized territory east of the ] and the region that had been operating as ''de facto'' ].<ref>{{usstat|9|403}}</ref><ref name="vz-mn" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 12, 1849
	|A local government formed the ] and claimed a vast portion of the southwest, including most of the ]. Though it petitioned to be admitted to the United States, the proposal was rejected and, in 1850, ] was formed instead.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | title=Young, Brigham | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Politics of the American West | page=675 | accessdate=January 28, 2016 | url=https://books.google.com/?id=UCRzAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA675&lpg=PA675#v=onepage&f=false| isbn=978-1-4522-7606-9 | author1=Danver | first1=Steven L | date=April 25, 2013}}</ref> The claimed area overlapped slightly with ]' claimed area, as well as part of ].
	|align="center"|Unofficial change:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|September 9, 1850
	|The western portion of the ], west of the ], a diagonal line from where that intersects the ] to where the ] intersects the ], and the Colorado River, was admitted as the thirty-first state, ].<ref name="vz-ca">Van Zandt, pp. 151–153</ref><ref>{{usstat|9|452}}</ref> The portion of the remainder north of the ] and west of the summit of the ] was organized as ].<ref>{{usstat|9|453}}</ref><ref name="vz-ut" /> Part of Utah Territory overlapped with the portion of ] that would be purchased on December 13, 1850, but the law authorizing the purchase was passed on this day, so the borders of Utah Territory assumed the purchase will go through.
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 9, 1850
	|The ] ceded less than one acre of underwater rock known as Horseshoe Reef in ] near ] for a lighthouse. It was surrounded by British waters, thus creating a form of enclave.<ref name="horseshoe">, signed April 11, 1908; accessed June 30, 2015</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 13, 1850
	|The federal government purchased the western claims of ]. ] was organized from the part of this land east of the ], along with the remaining unorganized territory from the ].<ref>{{usstat|9|446}}</ref><ref name="vz-nm" /> New Mexico Territory included all of the area that had been governed under the ].
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|April 5, 1851
	|The ] dissolved itself, its functions and territory largely having been superseded by ].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=zm5OAQAAIAAJ&lpg=PP9&pg=PP9#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=Laws and ordinances of the state of Deseret (Utah) | year=1919 | accessdate=June 22, 2016 | page=Prefatory| author1=Deseret | first1= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Unofficial change:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 2, 1853
	|] was organized from the half of ] north of the ] and the ].<ref>{{usstat|10|172}}</ref><ref name="vz-wa" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 30, 1854
	|] was organized from unorganized territory north of the ], and ] was organized north of ].<ref>{{usstat|10|277}}</ref><ref name="vz-ks" /><ref name="vz-ne" /> Much of the remaining unorganized territory, east of the ], became known as ], designated as a place to resettle Indian tribes.
	A small strip between the ] and Kansas Territory was unclaimed, due to falling south of Kansas Territory's border but north of the 36°30′ latitude established in the ] as the northern limit of slavery, and thus Texas could not have it. This became known as the ], or sometimes "No Man's Land".<ref>Kenneth R. Turner, {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160744/http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=NO001 |date=April 2, 2015}} Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, www.okhistory.org (accessed June 04, 2015).</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 30, 1854
	|The United States purchased a large parcel from ] known as the ], as it offered a much better route for a southern transcontinental railroad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/mx1853.asp |title=Gadsden Purchase Treaty : December 30, 1853 |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School |accessdate=June 3, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519020643/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/mx1853.asp |archivedate=May 19, 2015 |df= }}</ref> This resolved the border dispute, since the disputed land was included in the purchase.<ref name="vz-cession" /> The purchase was defined as: starting from where the ] crosses parallel 31° 47' north; then west 100 miles; then south to parallel 31° 20' north; then west to the ]; then a line from there to a point on the ] 20 miles below the mouth of the ]; and the Colorado River.
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 4, 1854
	|The recently obtained ] was assigned to ].<ref name="vz-nm" /><ref>{{usstat|10|575}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 11, 1855
	|Due to its remote location, ] was transferred from ] to ].<ref>{{usstat|10|602}}</ref><ref>Van Zandt, p. 70</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=Report of the Regents of the University on the Boundaries of the State of New York, Volume II | url=https://books.google.com/?id=_BQzAQAAIAAJ&lpg=PA573&pg=PA219#v=onepage&q&f=false | accessdate=July 9, 2015 | pages=219–223| year=1884 }}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 6, 1855
	|The Supreme Court ruled in favor of ] in a boundary dispute with ], setting the state boundary line along ].<ref name=case>{{cite court|litigants=]|vol=58|reporter=U.S.|opinion=478|pinpoint=480|court=US|date=1854|url=http://supreme.justia.com/us/58/478/case.html}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|October 28, 1856
	|] and ] were claimed under the ].<ref name="guano" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 11, 1858
	|The half of ] east of the ], the ], and a line south from the southern tip of ], was admitted as the thirty-second state, ]. The remainder became unorganized territory.<ref name="vz-mn">Van Zandt, pp. 133–134</ref><ref>{{usstat|11|285}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 31, 1858
	|] was claimed under the ].<ref name="guano" />
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 3, 1858
	|] was claimed under the ].<ref name="guano" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|February 14, 1859
	|The half of ] west of the ] and a line south from the mouth of the ] was admitted as the thirty-third state, ]. The remainder was transferred to ].<ref name="vz-or">Van Zandt, pp. 153–155</ref><ref>{{usstat|11|383}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 6, 1859
	|A team of surveyors created the "Middleton Offset," a small notch in the border between ] and ]. It is unknown exactly why this was done.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=The Kentucky Encyclopedia | title=Middleton Offset | url=https://books.google.com/?id=8eFSK4o--M0C&pg=PA635&dq=simpson+county+offset#v=onepage&f=false | accessdate=October 28, 2015 | page=635| isbn=0-8131-2883-8 | author1=Kleber | first1=John E }}</ref><ref name="kytn">{{cite web|url=http://www.sitemason.com/files/kuec92/tnkyborder.pdf |title=Tennessee-Kentucky border didn't turn out as straight as it was supposed to be |accessdate=October 28, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084356/http://www.sitemason.com/files/kuec92/tnkyborder.pdf |archivedate=March 4, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|September 6, 1859
	|] was claimed under the ],<ref name="guano" /> though it had been claimed by ] in 1858.<ref name="doi-johnston" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|November 7, 1859
	|A local government was set up encompassing parts of the territories of ], ], ], ], and ], with the name of ], bounded by the ] and ] parallels north, and ] and ] meridians west. While never recognized by the federal government, it generally held control over the area until ] was established, which adopted most of its laws.<ref name="jefferson-territory">{{jstor|1832884}}</ref>
	|align="center"|Unofficial change:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 27, 1859
	|], ], ], and ] were claimed under the ].<ref name="guano" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 29, 1859
	|] and ] were claimed under the ].<ref name="guano" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|February 8, 1860
	|] created ], claiming part of ] based on a different understanding from the federal government of which river was the border between the two.<ref name="greer" />
	], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ] were all claimed under the ].<ref name="guano" /> Many additional islands were listed as bonded on this date, but based on the coordinates they were either phantoms or duplicates. In addition, ] was claimed, which may have existed and would be sighted as late as 1917, but has since disappeared.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=110&dat=19321016&id=34VOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=f0IDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2584,3552314|title=Vanishing of Sarah Ann, Tiny Pacific Island, Causes Scientists Much Worry|date=October 16, 1932|publisher=Lundington Daily News|page=1|location=Washington|accessdate=13 January 2010}}</ref>
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|}
	===1860–1865 (American Civil War)===
	{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
	|-
	!scope="col"|Date
	!scope="col"|Event
	!scope="col"|Change Map
	|-
	!scope=row|December 20, 1860
	|In response to the ] of ], ] proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from the Congress of the United States.<ref name="secession" />
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 9, 1861
	|] proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from Congress.<ref name="secession" />
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 10, 1861
	|] proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from Congress.<ref name="secession" />
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 11, 1861
	|] proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from Congress.<ref name="secession" />
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 19, 1861
	|] proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from Congress.<ref name="secession" />
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 26, 1861
	|] proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from Congress.<ref name="secession" /> However, the ] and ] congressional districts, around ], maintained representation in Congress.
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 29, 1861
	|The bulk of ], east of the ], was admitted as the thirty-fourth state, ]. The remainder became unorganized territory.<ref name="vz-ks">Van Zandt, pp. 138–139</ref><ref>{{usstat|12|126}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|February 8, 1861
	|The ] was formed by representatives of the seceded states of ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820151934/http://docsouth.unc.edu/imls/19conf/19conf.html |date=August 20, 2016 }}, accessed July 8, 2015</ref>
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|February 28, 1861
	|] was organized from portions of ], ], and ], along with unorganized territory.<ref>{{usstat|12|172}}</ref><ref name="vz-co" /> It was bounded by the ] and ] parallels north, and the ] and ] meridians west from Washington.
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 2, 1861
	|] proclaimed its secession from the Union and was admitted to the ],<ref name="secession" /><ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820151934/http://docsouth.unc.edu/imls/19conf/19conf.html |date=August 20, 2016 }}, accessed July 8, 2015</ref> withdrawing from Congress.
	] was organized from ] and unorganized territory north of the ], ], and ] Rivers, and ]. Nebraska Territory's western border was extended to the ], gaining small portions of ] and ].<ref name="vz-ne" /><ref>{{usstat|12|239}}</ref><ref name="vz-dakota" /> ] was organized from ] west of the ].<ref>{{usstat|12|209}}</ref><ref name="vz-nv" />
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 28, 1861
	|Representatives in the southern half of ] proclaimed an independent ] south of the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/cwindepth/statebystate/Arizona.html |title=Arizona Territory |accessdate=April 5, 2017 |publisher=] |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406111850/https://www.nps.gov/cwindepth/statebystate/Arizona.html |archivedate=April 6, 2017 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|April 12, 1861
	|The ] in ] begins the ].
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|April 17, 1861
	|Following the ] and President ]'s ], ] proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from Congress.<ref name="secession" /> However, the ] (along the ]), ] (near ]), and ], ], and ] (in the northwest of the state) congressional districts maintained representation in Congress.
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 6, 1861
	|] proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from Congress.<ref name="secession" />
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 7, 1861
	|] was admitted to the ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820151934/http://docsouth.unc.edu/imls/19conf/19conf.html |date=August 20, 2016 }}, accessed July 8, 2015</ref>
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 16, 1861
	|] ] itself neutral in the ].
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|May 20, 1861
	|] was admitted to the ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820151934/http://docsouth.unc.edu/imls/19conf/19conf.html |date=August 20, 2016 }}, accessed July 8, 2015</ref>
	] proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from Congress.<ref name="secession" />
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 21, 1861
	|] was admitted to the ]. The law admitting the state required a presidential proclamation before it was to take effect,<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820151934/http://docsouth.unc.edu/imls/19conf/19conf.html |date=August 20, 2016 }}, accessed June 29, 2016</ref> which sources say took place on this date;<ref>{{cite web | url=http://northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/secession/ | title=Secession | publisher=John Locke Foundation}}</ref> the only primary source found so far is a statement from ] on July 20 stating that the proclamation had been made.<ref>Confederate Congress 1861, 1:272. ()</ref>
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 6, 1861
	|], governor of ], declared the territory disbanded and handed over the government to the first governor of ].<ref name="jefferson-territory" />
	|align="center"|Unofficial change:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 8, 1861
	|] proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from Congress.<ref name="secession">{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=3953 |title=Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States |publisher=] |accessdate=May 24, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905091739/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=3953 |archivedate=September 5, 2015 |df= }}</ref> However, the ], ], and ] congressional districts in the central part of the state maintained representation in Congress.
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 25, 1861
	|The federal government recognized the ] in ] as the legitimate government of ].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1864/06/26/news/virginia-the-restored-government-of-virginia-history-of-the-new-state-of-things.html?pagewanted=all |work=The New York Times |title=VIRGINIA.; The Restored Government of Virginia—History of the New State of Things |date=June 26, 1864 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812201924/http://www.nytimes.com/1864/06/26/news/virginia-the-restored-government-of-virginia-history-of-the-new-state-of-things.html?pagewanted=all |archivedate=August 12, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 2, 1861
	|] was admitted to the ].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=APs7AQAAMAAJ | title=Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion | page=103 | accessdate=June 22, 2016 | year=1922| author1=Navy Dept | first1=United States | last2=Rush | first2=Richard }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 1, 1861
	|Following Confederate victory in the ], ] was proclaimed as part of the ].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Civil War in the Western Territories |last=Colton |first=Ray Charles |year=1985 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |isbn=0-8061-1902-0 |pages=122–123 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=JdMnyfgENN0C |accessdate=August 3, 2010}}</ref>
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|September 13, 1861
	|Following the Confederate occupation of ], ], on September 3, 1861, the state abandoned neutrality and aligned with the Union government.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221110639/https://books.google.com/books?id=zzhNAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA110 |date=December 21, 2016 }}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|October 31, 1861
	|A splinter government in ], declared the secession of the state from the United States.<ref name="secession" />
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|November 20, 1861
	|A convention in ], declared the formation of a splinter government in ] and the secession of ] from the United States.<ref name="secession" />
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|November 28, 1861
	|The splinter ] of ] was admitted to the ]. The Confederate States never held much power over the state, but it was given full representation in the legislature.<ref>Confederate Public Law ; accessed May 22, 2015</ref>
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 10, 1861
	|The splinter ] of ] was admitted to the ]. The Confederate States never held much power over the state, but it was given full representation in the legislature.<ref>Confederate Public Law {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421231551/https://books.google.com/books?id=eMhthJ3G9ykC&lpg=PR12pg%3DPA222 |date=April 21, 2016 }}; accessed May 22, 2015</ref>
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 21, 1861
	|The ] ratified treaties with the ], and the ] and ].<ref name="csaindiantreaties">{{cite web|url=http://treatiesportal.unl.edu/csaindiantreaties/ |title=As long as grass shall grow and water run: The treaties formed by the Confederate States of America and the tribes in Indian Territory, 1861 |publisher=] |accessdate=May 2, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024162044/http://treatiesportal.unl.edu/csaindiantreaties/ |archivedate=October 24, 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref name="dougdawgz">{{cite web|url=http://dougdawg.blogspot.com/2010/10/maps-and-history-of-oklahoma-county.html |title=Maps and History of Oklahoma County 1830–1900 |accessdate=May 2, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414222429/http://dougdawg.blogspot.com/2010/10/maps-and-history-of-oklahoma-county.html |archivedate=April 14, 2017 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 23, 1861
	|The ] ratified treaties with the ], granting them a delegate to the ], and with the ], granting them a delegate to be shared with the ].<ref name="csaindiantreaties" /><ref name="dougdawgz" />
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 31, 1861
	|The ] ratified treaties with the ] and ], granting them a delegate in the ]; with the ]; with the ], granting them a delegate to be shared with the ]; and the ].<ref name="csaindiantreaties" /><ref name="dougdawgz" />
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 1, 1862
	|A decree by the ] took effect, modifying the border between ] and ].<ref name="vz-ma" /><ref>{{usstat|11|382}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|April 15, 1862
	|] was annexed by ], and the American claim falls dormant.<ref name="doi-palmyra">{{cite web|url=https://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/palmyraatoll |publisher=] |title=Palmyra Atoll |accessdate=July 8, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910204050/https://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/palmyraatoll |archivedate=September 10, 2015 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 14, 1862
	|The western slice of ] was transferred to ], moving their border east to the 38th meridian west from Washington.<ref name="vz-nv" /><ref>{{usstat|12|575}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 30, 1862
	|The ] were claimed under the ].<ref name="guano" />
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|February 24, 1863
	|] was organized from the half of ] west of the ].<ref name="vz-az" /><ref>{{usstat|12|664}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 3, 1863
	|] was organized from the portions of ] and ] west of the ], and the portion of ] east of the ] and a line north from the mouth of the ].<ref>{{usstat|12|808}}</ref><ref name="vz-id" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 4, 1863
	|Due to disruption in voting and low turnout, no one was allowed to take the seats in the ] held by the Unionist areas of ], ], and ], effectively expelling the states.<ref>Martis, Kenneth C., "Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress: 1789-1989, 1989 {{ISBN|0-02-920170-5}} p. 116.</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 20, 1863
	|The northwestern counties of ], represented by the ] in ], were split from the rest of Virginia and admitted to the Union as the thirty-fifth state, ].<ref>{{usstat|13|731}}</ref><ref name="vz-wv">Van Zandt, pp. 95–96</ref> The Restored Government of Virginia was relocated to ].
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 5, 1863
	|] was transferred by the federal government from ] to ];<ref>W.Va. Acts 1863, 1st sess., ch. 35, sec. 1/ {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406125119/https://books.google.com/books?id=QRtEAAAAYAAJ&lpg=RA1-PA103&ots=x_zuvvEvgk&pg=RA3-PA33 |date=April 6, 2016 }}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|November 2, 1863
	|] was transferred from ] to ].<ref>W.Va. Acts 1863, 1st sess., ch. 90, sec. 1/ {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522145407/https://books.google.com/books?id=QRtEAAAAYAAJ&lpg=RA1-PA103&ots=x_zuvvEvgk&pg=RA1-PA103 |date=May 22, 2016 }}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 26, 1864
	|] was organized from the northeast third of ], with the border being, from the east: West along the ] to the ]; south to the parallel 44°30′ north; west to the crest of the ]; following that north to the crest of the ]; to the ]; and north from there. The remaining portion of Idaho Territory east of the Rocky Mountains and the ] was transferred to ].<ref name="vz-mt" /><ref>{{usstat|13|85}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|October 15, 1864
	|] was claimed by the ].<ref name="uk-chrono" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|October 31, 1864
	|] was admitted as the thirty-sixth state, ].<ref name="vz-nv">Van Zandt, pp. 158–159</ref><ref>{{usstat|13|749}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 5, 1865
	|The ] cabinet met in ], and dissolved.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.civilwaronthewesternborder.org/timeline/remaining-confederate-cabinent-dissolves |title=Remaining Confederate Cabinet Dissolves |publisher=Kansas City Public Library |accessdate=May 21, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215240/http://www.civilwaronthewesternborder.org/timeline/remaining-confederate-cabinent-dissolves |archivedate=March 3, 2016 |df= }}</ref> Military surrenders were scattered throughout 1865, but the most important is regarded as that of the ] following the ] on April 9.
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|}
	===1866–1897 (Reconstruction and western statehood)===
	{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
	|-
	!scope="col"|Date
	!scope="col"|Event
	!scope="col"|Change Map
	|-
	!scope=row|May 5, 1866
	|The western slice of ] was transferred to ], moving its border east to the ].<ref name="usstat|14|43">{{usstat|14|43}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 24, 1866
	|] was readmitted to Congress.<ref>{{usstat|14|364}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 26, 1866
	|] was claimed by the ].<ref name="uk-chrono" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 18, 1867
	|The northwestern corner of ], west of the ] and the ], was transferred to ]. The law transferring the land was approved May 5, 1866, but unlike the ] transfer of that day, this transfer was contingent on the state accepting it.<ref name="usstat|14|43"/><ref>{{cite book|title=First Biennial Report of the Nevada Historical Society |date=1909 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MvQ7AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA133#v=onepage&q&f=false |page=133 |accessdate=May 21, 2015 |author1=Society |first1=Nevada State Historical |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418231841/https://books.google.com/books?id=MvQ7AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA133 |archivedate=April 18, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 1, 1867
	|] was admitted as the thirty-seventh state, ].<ref name="vz-ne">Van Zandt, pp. 136–138</ref><ref>{{usstat|14|820}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 1, 1867
	|] was formed from several British colonies, including ], thus inheriting the dispute over ] and ].
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 28, 1867
	|] was claimed.<ref name="doi-acquisition" /> The largest island of Midway, Sand Island, had been claimed under the ] in 1858, but nothing more is known about this.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MfJlu9kaXV4C&lpg=PA76&pg=PA76#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Political Facts of the United States Since 1789 |author1=Austin, Erik W. |author2=Clubb, Jerome M. |page=76 |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1986 |accessdate=July 6, 2015 |isbn=978-0-231-06094-3 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527115520/https://books.google.com/books?id=MfJlu9kaXV4C&lpg=PA76&pg=PA76 |archivedate=May 27, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|October 18, 1867
	|] was ] from the ] and designated the ].<ref name="alaskapurchase">{{cite web
	|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/treatywi.asp
	|title=Treaty concerning the Cession of the Russian Possessions in North America by his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias to the United States of America
	|publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
	|accessdate=2006-08-04
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129101148/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/treatywi.asp
	|archivedate=2009-01-29
	|df=
	}}</ref> Due to a lack of quality surveying, the southeastern border with ] holdings was ].<ref name="vz-akboundary" />
	|align="center"|Northwestern North America:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 22, 1868
	|] was readmitted to Congress.<ref>{{usstat|15|72}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 25, 1868
	|] was readmitted to Congress.<ref>Act authorizing readmission on ratification of 14th amendment: {{usstat|15|73}}. Florida ratified the amendment before that law was passed, so Florida was readmitted upon passage of the law.</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 4, 1868
	|] was readmitted to Congress.<ref>Act authorizing readmission on ratification of 14th amendment: {{usstat|15|73}}. Proclamation of North Carolina's ratification: {{usstat|15|703}}.</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 9, 1868
	|] and ] were readmitted to Congress.<ref>Act authorizing readmission on ratification of 14th amendment: {{usstat|15|73}}. Proclamations of Louisiana's and South Carolina's ratification: {{usstat|15|704}}.</ref>
	] was claimed by the ].<ref name="uk-chrono" />
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 13, 1868
	|] was readmitted to Congress.<ref>Act authorizing readmission on ratification of 14th amendment: {{usstat|15|73}}. Proclamation of Alabama's ratification: {{usstat|15|704}}.</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 25, 1868
	|] was readmitted to Congress.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwMI1Xokv7AC&lpg=PA172&pg=PA172#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Empire State of the South |author=Meyers, Christopher C. |isbn=978-0-88146-111-4 |accessdate=May 19, 2015 |year=2008 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160521041454/https://books.google.com/books?id=LwMI1Xokv7AC&lpg=PA172&pg=PA172 |archivedate=May 21, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	] was organized from portions of ], ], and ] Territories, bounded by ] and ] parallels north, and the ] and ] meridians west from Washington.<ref>{{usstat|15|178}}</ref><ref name="vz-wy" /> The territory would remain under the jurisdiction of the Dakota Territory until its own government was organized on May 19, 1869.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wyo.gov/about-wyoming/wyoming-history |title=Wyoming History |publisher=State of Wyoming |accessdate=November 12, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108111846/http://www.wyo.gov/about-wyoming/wyoming-history |archivedate=November 8, 2015 |df= }}</ref> The act organizing Wyoming Territory became law on this date, but it is unclear if the territory could be considered "organized" until May 19, 1869, as the act specifies it was not to take effect until a government is organized; however, all sources use this date as the creation, and most use it for the organization, of the territory. A ] of the Dakota Territory was erroneously left behind on the western side of Wyoming Territory.<ref name="vz-dakota-remnant" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 12, 1868
	|The list of bonded ] mentions "Islands in Caribbean Sea not named" bonded on this date, but it is unknown what this is referring to.<ref name="guano" />
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|December 11, 1868
	|] was claimed under the ].<ref name="guano" /> ] has claimed it throughout its history.
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 3, 1869
	|] was again expelled from Congress following failures of ] in the state.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Georgia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |year=1910 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=rQD8PmXp54UC&lpg=PA757&pg=PA757#v=onepage&f=false |page=757 | accessdate=July 6, 2015|author1=Chisholm |first1=Hugh }}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|November 22, 1869
	|], ], ], and ] were claimed under the ].<ref name="guano">{{cite web|first=John Bassett |last=Moore |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |year=1906 |title=A Digest of International Law as Embodied in Diplomatic Discussions, Treaties and Other International Agreements, International Awards, the Decisions of Municipal Courts, and the Writings of Jurists and Especially in Documents, Published and Unpublished, Issued by Presidents and Secretaries of State of the United States, the Opinions of the Attorneys-General, and the Decisions of Courts, Federal and State |pages=566–580 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9mIHAQAAIAAJ&dq=morant%20Keys%20guano%20claim%20british&pg=PA566#v=onepage&f=false |location=Washington, DC |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501155658/https://books.google.com/books?id=9mIHAQAAIAAJ&dq=morant%20Keys%20guano%20claim%20british&pg=PA566 |archivedate=May 1, 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref name="doi-acquisition">{{cite web|url=https://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/acquisitionprocess |title=Acquisition Process of Insular Areas |publisher=] ] |accessdate=July 15, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815202029/https://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/acquisitionprocess |archivedate=August 15, 2016 |df= }}</ref> Except for Pedro Cays, ] has claimed them throughout its history.
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 26, 1870
	|] was readmitted to Congress.<ref>{{usstat|16|62}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|February 23, 1870
	|] was readmitted to Congress.<ref>{{usstat|16|67}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 30, 1870
	|] was readmitted to Congress.<ref>{{usstat|16|80}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 15, 1870
	|] was again readmitted to Congress.<ref>{{usstat|16|363}}</ref>
	The ] was transferred by the ] to ], thus transferring its portion of the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/northwest-territories/ |title=Northwest Territories |work=The Canadian Encyclopedia |accessdate=July 6, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627110823/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/northwest-territories/ |archivedate=June 27, 2015 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|]<br><br>Northwestern North America:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|February 9, 1871
	|A small parcel was transferred from ] to ] following a sudden change in course of the ].<ref name="vz-ne" /><ref>{{usstat|16|93}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 20, 1871
	|] joined ], transferring the ] over the ] as well as its portion of the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/british-columbia/ |title=British Columbia |work=The Canadian Encyclopedia |accessdate=July 6, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150620093319/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/british-columbia/ |archivedate=June 20, 2015 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]<br><br>Northwestern North America:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|October 21, 1872
	|The ] with ] over the ] was resolved in the favor of the United States claim.<ref name="vz-18">Van Zandt, p. 18</ref>
	|align="center"|Disputes:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|1873
	|] was claimed by the ].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Vostok Island |encyclopedia=Historical Dictionary of the British Empire |year=2015 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |location=] |pages=561–562 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WdFbCQAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA561#v=onepage&f=false |accessdate=July 2, 2015 |isbn=978-0-8108-7524-1 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516183754/https://books.google.com/books?id=WdFbCQAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA561 |archivedate=May 16, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|February 17, 1873
	|The ] of ] that was left behind when ] was created was transferred to ].<ref name="vz-dakota-remnant">Van Zandt, pp. 136, 149–150</ref><ref>{{usstat|17|464}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 1, 1876
	|] was admitted as the thirty-eighth state, ].<ref name="vz-co">Van Zandt, pp. 141–144</ref><ref>{{usstat|18|474}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 13, 1877
	|The ] created the ], including ] and ].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Union Islands |encyclopedia=Historical Dictionary of the British Empire |year=2015 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |location=] |pages=540–541 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WdFbCQAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA91#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate=July 2, 2015 |isbn=978-0-8108-7524-1 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506141517/https://books.google.com/books?id=WdFbCQAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA91 |archivedate=May 6, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 3, 1879
	|The border across the ] between ] and ] was decided via arbitration. The new border cuts across ], likely meaning that the southern portion of the island was transferred to Virginia, but due to the general lack of concrete borders in the area for so long due to surveying errors, it is unknown if any land actually changed hands.<ref name="vz-md">Van Zandt, pp. 85–88</ref>
	|align="center"|''too vague to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|September 8, 1879
	|], claimed by ], and ], claimed by ], were claimed by the United States under the ];<ref name="guano" /> according to the Office of Insular Affairs, Serranilla Bank was claimed again on September 13, 1880.<ref name="doi-acquisition" />
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|April 7, 1880
	|A very small area of ] near ] was transferred to ] due to a change in the course in the ].<ref name="vz-vt" /><ref>{{usstat|21|72}}</ref> The specific area was very small and poorly documented, so it is not mapped.
	|align="center"|''too small to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|September 13, 1880
	|], claimed by ], was claimed by the United States under the ].<ref name="guano" /> The list of bonded claims also mentions a "De Anes" island claimed on this date, with coordinates matching ]; however, the same list points out that the claim to "Aves Island" was found to be invalid.
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|1881
	|] was claimed by the ].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Flint Island |encyclopedia=Historical Dictionary of the British Empire |year=2015 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |location=] |page=191 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WdFbCQAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA191#v=onepage&f=false |accessdate=July 2, 2015 |isbn=978-0-8108-7524-1 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512101228/https://books.google.com/books?id=WdFbCQAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA191 |archivedate=May 12, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 23, 1882
	|The area between the ] and the ] and ] Rivers was transferred from ] to ].<ref name="vz-dakota" /><ref>{{usstat|22|35}}</ref> The act was passed in Congress on March 28 and accepted by the Nebraska legislature on this date.<ref>{{cite journal
	| last = Watkins
	| first = Albert
	| date = 1913
	| title = Nebraska Territorial Acquisition
	| url = https://books.google.com/?id=j0lHAQAAMAAJ&lpg=PA53&pg=PA53#v=onepage&q&f=false
	| journal = Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society
	| publisher = Nebraska State Historical Society
	| volume = XVII
	| pages = 53
	| access-date= May 18, 2015
	}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 1, 1882
	|The ] and ] were annexed by the ] to ]; it appears they were no longer claimed by the United States after this.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417062140/https://books.google.com/books?id=wEIBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1601&hl=en&sa=X&ei=dLGHVf3HKIutyQSM3IKAAQ&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ |date=April 17, 2016 }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 17, 1884
	|The ] was organized into the ].<ref>{{usstat|23|24}}</ref>
	|align="center"|Northwestern North America:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 21, 1884
	|The ], claimed by ], were claimed under the ].<ref name="guano" />
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 15, 1888
	|] was annexed by the ]; it appears the island was no longer claimed by the United States after this.<ref name="fanning-washington" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 17, 1888
	|] was claimed by the ].<ref name="uk-chrono" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|October 26, 1888
	|The ] became a protectorate of the ], thus initiating a claim on the atolls of ], ], ], and ].<ref name="uk-chrono">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Chronology |encyclopedia=Historical Dictionary of the British Empire |year=2015 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |location=] |pages=xix–xxxviii |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WdFbCQAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PR19#v=onepage&q&f=false |accessdate=July 4, 2015 |isbn=978-0-8108-7524-1 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408060413/https://books.google.com/books?id=WdFbCQAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PR19 |archivedate=April 8, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 29, 1889
	|] was annexed by the ]; it appears the island was no longer claimed by the United States after this.<ref name="fanning-washington">{{cite journal
	| date = 1914
	| url = https://books.google.com/?id=lbgjAQAAIAAJ&dq=fanning+island+annexed+march+15+1888&q=march+15+1888
	| journal = United Empire
	| title = Unknown title
	| publisher = Royal Colonial Institute
	| volume = 4
	| pages = 266
	| access-date= June 22, 2015
	}}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 3, 1889
	|] was claimed by the ].<ref name="uk-chrono" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 26, 1889
	|] was claimed by the ].<ref name="uk-chrono" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 29, 1889
	|] was claimed by the ].<ref name="uk-chrono" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 10, 1889
	|] was claimed by the ].<ref name="uk-chrono" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|November 2, 1889
	|] was split in half along an east-west line a few miles south of the ] and admitted as the thirty-ninth state, ], and the fortieth state, ].<ref name="vz-dakota">Van Zandt, pp. 134–136</ref><ref name="1889states" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|November 8, 1889
	|] was admitted as the forty-first state, ].<ref name="vz-mt">Van Zandt, pp. 145–151</ref><ref name="1889states" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|November 11, 1889
	|] was admitted as the forty-second state, ].<ref name="vz-wa">Van Zandt, pp. 155–156</ref><ref name="1889states">{{usstat|25|676}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 2, 1890
	|] was ] from the ] and the western half of ], except for the ], which would be added later upon cession from the ].<ref>{{usstat|26|81}}</ref><ref name="vz-ok">Van Zandt, pp. 139–140</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 3, 1890
	|] was admitted as the forty-third state, ].<ref name="vz-id">Van Zandt, pp. 156–158</ref><ref>{{usstat|26|215}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 10, 1890
	|] was admitted as the forty-fourth state, ].<ref name="vz-wy">Van Zandt, pp. 144–145</ref><ref>{{usstat|26|222}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 8, 1892
	|The ] became a protectorate of the ], thus initiating a claim on ] and ].<ref name="uk-chrono" /> No record of a United States claim exists after this point, so it is assumed this is when the claim fell dormant.
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 28, 1892
	|] was claimed by the ].<ref name="uk-chrono" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|September 16, 1893
	|Per a treaty with the ], the federal government purchased the ] in the ] and opened it to settlement, transferring it to ] as provided in the ].<ref name="vz-ok" /><ref>{{usstat|27|640}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|November 17, 1894
	|The ], ], and ] were stricken from the list of claimed ].<ref name="guano" />
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 4, 1896
	|] was admitted as the forty-fifth state, ].<ref name="vz-ut">Van Zandt, pp. 159–160</ref><ref>{{usstat|28|107}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 16, 1896
	|The dispute between the federal government, on behalf of ], and ] over ] was resolved in favor of the federal claim.<ref name="greer">{{ussc|162|1|1896}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 24, 1897
	|Due to an earlier shift in the course of the ], an island was transferred from ] to ].<ref>{{usstat|30|214}}</ref>
	|]
	|}
	===1898–1945 (Pacific and Caribbean expansion)===
	{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
	|-
	!scope="col"|Date
	!scope="col"|Event
	!scope="col"|Change Map
	|-
	!scope=row|August 12, 1898
	|The ] was annexed.<ref name="hawaii-annexed">{{cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/hawaii |title=Hawaii |publisher=Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, ] |accessdate=May 14, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619000455/http://history.state.gov/countries/hawaii |archivedate=June 19, 2015 |df= }}</ref> The ceremony to transfer sovereignty occurred on this date; the ] was signed on July 7, 1898.<ref>{{USStat|30|750}}</ref> ] was not included with Hawaii, nor was ], which had been ceded to Hawaii in 1856 by its residents and approved by ]. However, the annexation was based on the islands named in a report of the Hawaiian Commission, which omitted Sikaiana.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216015423/http://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |date=2008-02-16 }} (pdf). Report to the Chairman, Committee on Resources, House of Representatives. ''United States General Accounting Office''. November 1997. Page 39, footnote 2.</ref><ref>Report of the Hawaiian Commission, S. Doc. No. 16, 55th Cong., at 4 (3d Sess. 1898)</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 17, 1899
	|] was claimed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/03/22/117916635.pdf |title=Wake Island Occupation |newspaper=] |date=March 21, 1899 |accessdate=May 14, 2015 |df= }}{{dead link|date=June 2018|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|April 11, 1899
	|], ], and, after a payment of $20 million, ] were ] by ] following the ].<ref name="spanishamerican">{{cite web|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/sp1898.asp |title=Treaty of Peace Between the United States and Spain; December 10, 1898 |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School |accessdate=May 14, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523121634/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/sp1898.asp |archivedate=May 23, 2015 |df= }}</ref> The Philippines were claimed by the ]. The ceded region for the Philippines included the island of ], which was administered by ]. This overlap would not be noticed until January 21, 1906.<ref name="palmas" /> While the United States occupied ] for a time, it was not ceded nor claimed.
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]<br><br>Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|February 16, 1900
	|The United States took ownership of the ] east of the 171st meridian west, per the terms of the ].<ref name="asbar" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|February 19, 1900
	|The newly acquired Samoan islands were established as ]. It included all of the islands granted by the ], though formal cession of the islands by local authorities would take place later in 1900 and 1904.<ref name="asbar" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|April 12, 1900
	|] was ] into a civil territory.<ref>{{USStat|31|77}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|April 17, 1900
	|The island of ] was ] to the United States and added to ] (present-day ]).<ref name="asbar">{{cite web|url=http://www.asbar.org/archive/Newcode/treaties.htm |title=Treaties, Cessions, and Federal Laws |publisher=American Samoa Bar Association |accessdate=May 11, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054025/http://www.asbar.org/archive/Newcode/treaties.htm |archivedate=March 4, 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref>https://americansamoa.noaa.gov/about/history.html ''National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa. History.'' americansamoa.noaa.gov. Retrieved 18 January 2018.</ref> As the United States had already claimed the island on February 19, 1900, no change is mapped. The ] by Congress on February 20, 1929.
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|June 14, 1900
	|The former ] was ] into ].<ref>{{USStat|31|141}}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 3, 1901
	|The transfer for a thin sliver of ], to ], was approved by Congress after having been approved by both states.<ref>{{usstat|31|1465}}</ref><ref>Va. Code Ann. § 1-306, {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624063947/http://law.lis.virginia.gov/compacts/boundary-with-tennessee/ |date=June 24, 2016 }}</ref> The location of the border along Main Street (now State Street) between the two cities was either the northern sidewalk of the street, or down the middle of the street; Tennessee's cession of the northern half of the street laid the issue to rest.
	|align="center"|''too small to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|March 23, 1901
	|The president of the ], ], was captured, and the republic was dissolved.
	The islands of ] and ], and their associated islands, were ] from ] and assigned to ]. The borders specified in the ] had excluded these islands; the new treaty simply ceded "any and all islands belonging to the Philippine Archipelago".<ref></ref><ref>{{usstat|31|1942}}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|October 20, 1903
	|The ] with ] was resolved, generally in favor of the United States claim.<ref name="vz-akboundary">Van Zandt, p. 32</ref>
	|align="center"|Northwestern North America:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 10, 1903
	|Land along southern ] was ] in perpetuity from ] for use as a ];<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/dip_cuba002.asp
	|title=Agreement Between the United States and Cuba for the Lease of Lands for Coaling and Naval stations; February 23, 1903
	|publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
	|accessdate=June 13, 2016
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604195511/http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/dip_cuba002.asp
	|archivedate=June 4, 2016
	|df=
	}}</ref> the treaty took effect February 23, 1903, and the formal handover occurred on this date.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/a-useful-corner-of-the-world-guantnamo | title=A Useful Corner of the World: Guantánamo | work=The New Yorker | date=July 30, 2013 | author=Kramer, Paul | accessdate=June 4, 2018}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|May 4, 1904
	|The United States took ownership of the ]. At this stage, only the most basic borders were defined; it was a zone surrounding the canal on each side for five miles, but excluded the cities of ] and ], which remained exclaves of ], as well as the water for their harbors.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AYaaAAAAIAAJ&lpg=PR13&pg=PA133#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=And the Mountains Will Move: The Story of the Building of the Panama Canal |author=DuVal, Miles P. |year=1947 |publisher=] |accessdate=May 12, 2015 |isbn=978-0-8047-1151-7 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424143401/https://books.google.com/books?id=AYaaAAAAIAAJ&lpg=PR13&pg=PA133 |archivedate=April 24, 2016 |df= }}</ref> The ] granting it to the United States was ratified on February 26, 1904.<ref>{{USStat|33|2234}}</ref> A formal border agreement, which also gave the Canal Zone some land and a lighthouse in northwest Colón, would be ratified on June 15, 1904.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428195837/https://books.google.com/books?id=0UQ6AQAAIAAJ&lpg=PA678&ots=1Nl1z4L2jk&pg=PA678 |date=April 28, 2016 }}; signed June 15, 1904; accessed June 30, 2015</ref><ref name="vz-cz" />
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 16, 1904
	|The ] islands were ] to the United States and added to ].<ref name="asbar"/> As the United States had already claimed the islands on February 19, 1900, no change is mapped. The ] by Congress on February 20, 1929.
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|December 12, 1904
	|The "Taft Agreement" was made with ] on December 3, with one of its sections refining the maritime boundary of the harbor of ] and the ].<ref>{{cite book | title=Hearings concerning estimates for construction of the Isthmian Canal for the fiscal year 1909 | url=https://books.google.com/?id=qR0vAAAAMAAJ&lpg=PA398&pg=PA396#v=onepage&q&f=false | accessdate=July 6, 2015| author1=Committee On Appropriations | first1=United States. Congress. House | last2=Tawney | first2=James A | year=1908 }}</ref><ref>H.R. Doc. No. 458 part 10, 58th Cong., 2nd Sess. (1904), pp. 936–941 (Specifically for this citation, )</ref> It became effective December 12.
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|February 10, 1905
	|The border between ] and ] was slightly adjusted near ], transferring a small amount of land on the east side of the ] to Arkansas.<ref>{{usstat|33|714}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
	|last=Myers
	|first=Arther J.
	|last2=Vosburg
	|first2=David L.
	|date=November 1964
	|title=Distances Within the State of Oklahoma
	|url=http://www.ogs.ou.edu/pubsscanned/NOTES/GN-V24N11.pdf
	|journal=Oklahoma Geology Notes
	|publisher=]
	|volume=24
	|issue=11
	|pages=256
	|access-date=May 17, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192330/http://www.ogs.ou.edu/pubsscanned/NOTES/GN-V24N11.pdf
	|archivedate=March 4, 2016
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|November 16, 1907
	|] and ] were combined and admitted as the forty-sixth state, ].<ref name="vz-ok" /><ref>{{USStat|35|2160}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|April 11, 1908
	|A boundary treaty with the ] on behalf of ] redefined the maritime borders between the United States and Canada.<ref>Van Zandt, pp. 18–20</ref> Among other changes, this "de-enclaved" Horseshoe Reef in ] by making the water around it contiguous with the water on the American side of the border.<ref name="horseshoe" /><ref>{{cite map|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/282773953/StLawrenceRiver-GreatLakes-12 |title=International Boundary between the United States and the Dominion of Canada through the St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes, Sheet No. 12 – Niagara River |publisher=International Waterways Commission |date=August 15, 1913 |accessdate=August 8, 2016 |location=Buffalo, New York |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064348/https://www.scribd.com/doc/282773953/StLawrenceRiver-GreatLakes-12 |archivedate=March 4, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|January 1, 1909
	|The new ] included some area of ] within its definition of ].<ref name="wi-vs-mi" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 20, 1910
	|A boundary treaty with the ] on behalf of ] addressed a slight uncertainty in the maritime border in ] between ] and Canada.<ref>{{USStat|36|2477}}</ref><ref>Van Zandt, p. 20</ref><ref name="maritime">{{cite web | url=https://www.state.gov/e/oes/ocns/opa/c28187.htm | title=Maritime Boundaries | publisher=United States Department of State | accessdate=August 19, 2018}}</reF> The border was adjusted to run east of Pope's Folly Island, which previously lay on the border line, and had been the subject of some debate for many years.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1893/06/20/archives/who-owns-popes-folly-island-great-britains-original-chart-conceded.html |title=Who Owns Pope's Folly Island? |newspaper=] |date=June 20, 1893 |accessdate=May 11, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202433/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=950CE6DE163EEF33A25753C2A9609C94629ED7CF |archivedate=March 5, 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref>Link to a download for the ] map of the Eastport Quadrangle from 1907: </ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 17, 1911
	|Naval Station, Tutuila, was renamed ];<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.samoanews.com/viewstory.php?storyid=7779 |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20110927012532/http://www.samoanews.com/viewstory.php?storyid=7779 |archivedate=September 27, 2011 |accessdate=May 11, 2015 |date=July 16, 2009 |title=Manu'a celebrates 105 years under the U.S. Flag |publisher=] |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> the station ] separate from territorial governance until 1951.
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 6, 1912
	|] was admitted as the forty-seventh state, ].<ref name="vz-nm">Van Zandt, pp. 160–165</ref><ref>{{usstat|37|39}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|February 14, 1912
	|] was admitted as the forty-eighth state, ].<ref name="vz-az">Van Zandt, p. 165</ref><ref>{{usstat|37|1728}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 24, 1912
	|The ] was reorganized as the ].<ref>{{USStat|37|512}}</ref>
	|align="center"|Northwestern North America:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 31, 1913
	|New Mexico filed suit in the ] against ] over the "]," questioning whether the present course or the 1850 course of the ] should be their border.<ref>{{cite journal
	| last = Bowden
	| first = J.J.
	| date = October 1959
	| title = The Texas-New Mexico Boundary Dispute Along the Rio Grande
	| url = http://faculty.utep.edu/LinkClick.aspx?link=Bowden_NM-TX+boundary.pdf&tabid=72958&mid=166250
	| journal = ]
	| publisher = ]
	| volume = 63
	| issue = 2
	| pages = 221–237
	| access-date= May 11, 2015
	}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 5, 1914
	|The ] were ] from ] for a period of ]; however, this was not a full transfer of sovereignty, and the islands were never administered as an insular area.<ref name="doi-former" />
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|May 1, 1915
	|The borders of the ] were explicitly defined. Whereas the original definition was a simple corridor surrounding the canal, this treaty specified the actual border. Among the changes this caused were: a slice of Canal Zone was ceded to ] so ] would be connected with the rest of the country; the middle island of the Las Tres Hermanas Islands, which marked the border of Panama City's harbor, was wholly made part of Canal Zone; ] and other surrounding waters were formally annexed to the territory; and an area of northwest ] was ceded to Canal Zone.<ref>{{usstat|38|1893}}</ref><ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516113457/https://books.google.com/books?id=0UQ6AQAAIAAJ&ots=1Nl-C4G1ko&pg=PA702 |date=May 16, 2016 }}, signed September 2, 1914; U.S. Treaty Series 610; accessed June 30, 2015</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Boundary Convention |date=June 9, 1915 |newspaper=The Canal Record |location=] |accessdate=June 30, 2015 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/50612129 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827105545/http://www.newspapers.com/image/50612129/ |archivedate=August 27, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 27, 1915
	|Under Article II of the ], the United States expropriated from ] several areas around the mouth of the ], annexing them to the ].<ref name="McCain">{{cite book| title=The United States and the Republic of Panama (2nd printing) |first=William D. |last=McCain| location= New York |publisher=Russell & Russell |year=1965 |
	pages=144–159}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''too small to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|December 8, 1915
	|The United States expropriated from ] a triangle of land, which included the historic ], between the ], ] and the ], to which it was annexed.<ref name="McCain"/>
	|align="center"|''too small to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|January 17, 1916
	|] was formally claimed for lighthouse purposes.<ref>{{usstat|39|1763}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|March 31, 1917
	|The ] were ] from ]<ref>{{USStat|39|1706}}</ref> and renamed the ].<ref name="vz-vi">Van Zandt, pp. 39–40</ref>
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 12, 1918
	|The United States expropriated from ] 2.6 hectares of land at ] in ] and annexed it to the ].<ref>{{cite journal|location=Panama|publisher=Republic of Panama|title=Letter, Chester Harding (Governor of the Panama Canal Zone) to Luis Urriola (President of the Republic of Panama), July 12, 1918|pages=303–305|work=Memoria que presenta el Secretario de Relaciones Exteriores a la Honorable Asamblea Nacional en sus Sesiones Ordinarias de 1918|year=1919|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101058620723;view=1up;seq=6}}</ref> That area was enlarged to about 50 hectares within several months.<ref name="McCain"/><ref>{{cite news|title= The Panama Canal Record |publisher= The Panama Canal |pages=584–585 |volume=XIII |number=39|location= Balboa Heights, Canal Zone |date=May 12, 1920 |url=http://www.ebooksread.com/dl2.php?action=prepare_file&id=250463&ext=pdf_external&f=panamacanalr13191920isth&a_id=97730 |quote=...&nbsp;it was not until the year 1918, when the Governor of the Canal Zone addressed a communication to the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Panama stating that the United States Government would require 50.6 hectares, that the exact area expropriated was definitely known.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Annual Report of the Governor of the Panama Canal for the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1919 |url=https://archive.org/details/annualreportofgo1919cana |last=Canal Zone. Office of the Governor. |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |year=1919 |location=Washington, DC |page=94 |quote=A survey was made and a map drawn up showing the boundary lines of the Punta Paitilla military reservation. Various areas were determined with reference to high and low water and the old and new city boundary lines. Permanent monuments were set and a description written up by metes and bounds. A tracing was made of the map of the military reservation known as area 'A'. |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506134624/https://archive.org/details/annualreportofgo1919cana |archivedate=May 6, 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref name="CZmap">{{cite map|title=Panama Canal Zone and Vicinity Showing Judicial Districts |publisher=United States Army |location=National Archives, College Park, Maryland |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/6861831?q=map%2520panama%2520canal |date=1927 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011034402/https://catalog.archives.gov/id/6861831?q=map%20panama%20canal |archivedate=October 11, 2016 |df= }} (with hand-drawn features dated 1932)</ref>
	|align="center"|''too small to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|August 21, 1918
	|The United States expropriated from ] land between the ] and the and annexed it to the ].<ref name="McCain"/><ref name="CZmap"/>
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|September 13, 1918
	|] and ] exchanged islands in the ]: Island Seventytwo was transferred from Wisconsin to the Minnesota town of ], and Barron's Island was transferred from Minnesota to the Wisconsin town of ].<ref name="vz-wi" /><ref>{{usstat|40|959}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|September 18, 1919
	|The island of Largo Remo was annexed to the ] under the United States right of expropriation in the 1903 Canal Treaty.<ref>U.S. For. Rel., 1920, III, 314–322; Specifically, </ref>
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 16, 1920
	|Fifteen hectares on the island of ] were annexed to the ].<ref>U.S. For. Rel., 1920, III, 314–322; Specifically, </ref>
	|align="center"|''too small to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|June 30, 1921
	|The "]" dispute between ] and ] was resolved in Delaware's favor. The disputed land had generally been administered by Delaware, even electing a member of the Delaware legislature in the mid-19th century,<ref name="walkin-the-line">{{cite book|title=Walkin' the Line: A Journey from Past to Present Along the Mason-Dixon |author=Ecenbarger, Bill |date=August 30, 2001 |publisher=M. Evans and Company, Inc. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6LfAGeUd5z4C&lpg=PA91&pg=PA90#v=onepage&q&f=false |pages=89–91 |accessdate=May 10, 2015 |isbn=978-1-4617-1076-9 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423134203/https://books.google.com/books?id=6LfAGeUd5z4C&lpg=PA91&pg=PA90 |archivedate=April 23, 2016 |df= }}</ref> but federal maps had included the land as part of Pennsylvania at least as late as 1900.<ref>Link to a download for the ] map of the Elkton Quadrangle from August 1900: . Note that later reprints of the same map, as early as 1906, changed ownership of the Wedge to Delaware: </ref> The states had agreed on a resolution, and it was affirmed by an act of Congress on this date.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1S8PAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PR6&ots=VKqZWgDpgf&pg=PA104#v=onepage&f=false |title=Pub.Res. 7 |year=1921 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409083458/https://books.google.com/books?id=1S8PAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PR6&ots=VKqZWgDpgf&pg=PA104 |archivedate=April 9, 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref name="delaware-curve">{{cite journal
	| last = Hayes
	| first = J. Carroll
	| date = July 1923
	| title = The Delaware Curve: The Story of the Pennsylvania-Delaware Circular Boundary
	| url = https://journals.psu.edu/pmhb/article/viewFile/27979/27735
	| journal = ]
	| publisher = ]
	| volume = 47
	| issue = 3
	| accessdate = May 10, 2015
	}}</ref> Some sources, contemporary and modern, note that, in the original process of resurveying the border in 1892, a very thin, horn-shaped region along the arc was transferred from Delaware to Pennsylvania;<ref name="walkin-the-line" /><ref name="delaware-curve" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1892/12/19/archives/refuse-to-be-expatriated-citizens-of-drlaware-decline-to-become.html |title=Refuse to be Expatriated: Citizens of Delaware Decline to Become Pennsylvanians |date=December 19, 1892 |newspaper=] |accessdate=May 10, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305002733/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F07E1DB1F31E033A2575AC1A9649D94639ED7CF |archivedate=March 5, 2016 |df= }}</ref> however, no federal maps found reflect this, and it is unclear if this transfer actually occurred.
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 10, 1922
	|] was formally annexed.<ref name="doi-kingman">{{cite web|url=https://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/kingmanreef |publisher=] |title=Kingman Reef |accessdate=July 15, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815122443/https://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/kingmanreef |archivedate=August 15, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|October 8, 1923
	|] expanded its claim to ] territory, though Wisconsin never lost control over the area.<ref name="wi-vs-mi" />
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|November 15, 1923
	|The ] were claimed by ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064239/http://images.library.wisc.edu/FRUS/EFacs/1940v05/reference/frus.frus1940v05.i0016.pdf |date=March 4, 2016 }}, accessed July 8, 2015</ref>
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|February 1, 1924
	|The future area for ] was annexed to the ] under the United States right of expropriation in the 1903 Canal Treaty.<ref name="vz-cz">Van Zandt, pp. 58–60</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Annual Report of the Governor of the Panama Canal for the Fiscal Year ended June 30, 1924 |page=13|location=Washington, DC|publisher= Government Printing Office|year=1924|url=https://archive.org/details/annualreportofgo1924cana|accessdate=July 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite executive order | number = 4019 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4cE-AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA336&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NLmSVaynNcTlsAXxgonoCA&ved=0CDMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&f=false | date = June 5, 1924 | language = English | post = President of the United States | accessdate = June 30, 2015}}</ref>
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 4, 1925
	|] was added to ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://legisworks.org/congress/68/pubres-75.pdf |title=Pub.Res. 75 |year=1925 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030103928/http://legisworks.org/congress/68/pubres-75.pdf |archivedate=October 30, 2015|df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 17, 1925
	|The border with ] was adjusted in several places.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1925/TS0037.pdf |title=Treaty Between Canada and the United States of America to define more accurately and to complete the International Boundary between the two Countries |date=February 24, 1925 |accessdate=May 8, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816222704/http://treaties.fco.gov.uk/docs/pdf/1925/TS0037.pdf |archivedate=August 16, 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref>Van Zandt, pp. 21–22</ref> The only change to a land border redefined how the border between the ] and the ] should be considered; previously, the border followed the curve of the parallel between each border monument, while the treaty changed this to straight lines between each monument. Through this, the United States netted a gain of between 30 and 35 acres of land. Due to the extremely small shift, the lack of specific documentation of where the changes occurred, and the lack of any human impact, this change is not mapped. There was also a change to the border in the ]; due to inaccurate surveying, the previous border intersected itself several times in the lake, creating enclaves of United States water surrounded by Canadian water. The treaty changed the border to use the southernmost intersection as the ]. Finally, the maritime border in the ] was adjusted, netting Canada roughly 9 acres of water.
	|align="center"|''too small to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|March 1, 1926
	|The ] resolved the conflict between ] and ] in the favor of ].<ref name="wi-vs-mi">{{ussc|name=Wisconsin v. Michigan|volume=270|page=295|year=1926}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 29, 1926
	|] was established as a federal bird refuge and placed under the jurisdiction of the ].<ref>{{cite executive order |number=4467 |date=July 26, 1926 |language=English |post=President of the United States}}</ref> The atoll had originally been claimed by both the United States and Hawaii in 1858, but little activity apart from guano mining had taken place, and it had been largely abandoned for decades.<ref name="doi-johnston">{{cite web | url=http://elips.doi.gov/ELIPS/0/doc/1771/Page5.aspx | title=Departmental Manual | publisher=] ] | accessdate=July 15, 2016}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|November 22, 1926
	|The ] defined the border between ] and ], transferring all islands south of the Quinnesec Falls on the ] to Wisconsin, and all islands north of the falls to ]; it is unknown specifically which islands were transferred in this fashion. However, an error in the border description introduced a small overlap between the two states over several islands in ] north of the ].<ref>{{ussc|name=Wisconsin v. Michigan|volume=272|page=398|year=1926}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 18, 1927
	|The United States expropriated from ] another 33 hectares of land on the islands of ] and Taboguilla and annexed them to the ].<ref name="McCain"/>
	|align="center"|''too small to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|October 26, 1927
	|Two ] along the ] were ceded from ] to ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibwc.gov/Files/Minutes/Min99.pdf |title=Minute 99: Re accretions lands on Colorado River—also Farmers and Fain Bancos.Decision reached. |publisher=] |date=October 26, 1927 |accessdate=January 12, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132221/http://www.ibwc.gov/Files/Minutes/Min99.pdf |archivedate=March 4, 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref name="bancos">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibwc.state.gov/Treaties_Minutes/Minutes.html |title=Minutes between the United States and Mexican Sections of the IBWC |publisher=] |accessdate=January 6, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713015418/http://www.ibwc.state.gov/Treaties_Minutes/Minutes.html |archivedate=July 13, 2015 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|''too small to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|December 5, 1927
	|The "]" between ] and ] was resolved in Texas's favor.<ref>{{ussc|name=New Mexico v. Texas|volume=275|page=279|year=1927}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|April 4, 1928
	|The ] was decided in the favor of ], ceding ] to the ].<ref name="palmas"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003090103/http://legal.un.org/riaa/cases/vol_II/829-871.pdf |date=October 3, 2016 }}, April 4, 1928; accessed June 2, 2015</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|September 24, 1928
	|The United States expropriated from ] three hectares of land at ''El Cerro de Doscientos Pies'' ("200-Foot Hill") near Las Minas Bay and annexed it to the ].<ref name="McCain"/><ref name="CZmap"/>
	|align="center"|''too small to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|July 22, 1930
	|The United States expropriated from ] 25 hectares on Jicarita Island and 60 hectares at Punta Morro de Puercos and annexed them to the ].<ref name="McCain"/>
	|align="center"|''too small to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|April 15, 1931
	|The United States expropriated from ] additional areas around the soon-to-be-built ] and annexed them to the ].<ref name="McCain"/><ref name="CZmap"/>
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 3, 1932
	|The United States adjusted the border at ] in the Canal Zone, returning a small amount of land to ]. This was the site for a planned new American embassy, which had to be built on foreign soil.<ref>{{usstat|47|145}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''too small to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|May 17, 1932
	|Porto Rico was renamed ].<ref>{{UnitedStatesCode2|48|731a|Change of name; Puerto Rico}}</ref>
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 13, 1932
	|The Mangsee Islands and seven of the ] were ] by the ] from ] to ]. The islands were supposed to be included in the 1900 transfer of islands from ] to the United States. Per the terms of the treaty, the United Kingdom continued to administer the islands until requested, and after its independence, the Philippine government made such a request and took control.<ref>{{usstat|47|2198}}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 29, 1933
	|The ] ] that the border between ] and ] was the low water mark of the west bank of the ]; Vermont had sought to have the border placed in the middle of the river.<ref>{{ussc|name=Vermont v. New Hampshire|volume=289|page=593|year=1933}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|November 13, 1933
	|A treaty created the ], which, from 1935 to 1938, straightened and stabilized the path of the ] through the ]–] Valley. By the end of the project, 174 parcels had been transferred between ] and ], each side receiving an equal area of land.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5RQooKRgY0C | page=1027 | title=American Water Resources Administration | accessdate=June 22, 2016| author1=Shih | first1=Yang-Ch'Eng }}</ref><ref>The details of the project are contained in IBWC minutes 145 through 167.{{cite web|url=http://www.ibwc.state.gov/Treaties_Minutes/Min_1_179.htm |title=Minutes 1 through 179 |publisher=] |accessdate=June 22, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616033532/http://www.ibwc.state.gov/Treaties_Minutes/Min_1_179.htm |archivedate=June 16, 2015 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|''too small to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|December 29, 1934
	|] was placed under the jurisdiction of the ].<ref name="doi-kingman" />
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|March 16, 1936
	|The de jure overlap between ] and ] was ] by the ].<ref>{{ussc|name=Wisconsin v. Michigan|volume=297|page=547|year=1936}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|May 13, 1936
	|], ], and ] were formally annexed and placed under the jurisdiction of the ],<ref>{{cite executive order |number=7368|date=May 13, 1936|language=English |post=President of the United States}}</ref> ending the ]'s claim to Jarvis Island.<ref name="uk-chrono" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 22, 1936
	|The ] were ] into a civil territory.<ref>{{usstat|49|1807}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|August 6, 1936
	|], ], and ] were claimed by the ].<ref name="uk-chrono" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|April 6, 1939
	|The condominium of the ] was established with the ].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=yc8WAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA543&lpg=PA543#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States, Volume 12 | accessdate=April 12, 2015| author1=Bevans | first1=Charles Irving | year=1976 }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 27, 1939
	|] gained a sovereign corridor that was carved out of the ] connecting ] with the rest of ], along with a three-dimensional "tube" of sovereignty for a future crossing over an American highway. A corridor consisting of the road from the Canal Zone boundary to ] was annexed to the Canal Zone.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/b-pa-ust000010-0742.pdf |title=Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation |publisher=Library of Congress |accessdate=November 2, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104004354/https://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/b-pa-ust000010-0742.pdf |archivedate=November 4, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 16, 1939
	|This is the earliest date so far discovered for when the United States began claiming ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite book|title=Foreign relations of the United States diplomatic papers, General, the British Commonwealth and Europe (1939) |publisher=] |year=1939 |pages=317–319 |url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=turn&entity=FRUS.FRUS1939v02.p0326&id=FRUS.FRUS1939v02&isize=M |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110645/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=turn&entity=FRUS.FRUS1939v02.p0326&id=FRUS.FRUS1939v02&isize=M |archivedate=March 4, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 10, 1941
	|Governor ] surrendered ] to the ] military.<ref name="guam-ww2">{{cite web|url=http://www.guampedia.com/japanese-occupation-of-guam/ |title=Japanese Occupation of Guam |publisher=Guampedia |accessdate=April 12, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402230108/http://www.guampedia.com/japanese-occupation-of-guam/ |archivedate=April 2, 2015 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 23, 1941
	|The garrison on ] surrendered to the ] military.<ref name="wake-ww2" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 26, 1942
	|The government of the ] evacuated from the territory in the face of ] advance. A ] would be established in ] on May 17, 1942. The ] would surrender on April 9, 1942, following the ], and the final military holdouts would surrender on May 6, 1942, following the ].<ref name="philippines-ww2" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|October 14, 1943
	|The ] was established as a ] of ].<ref name="philippines-ww2" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 10, 1944
	|] was ] from ].<ref name="guam-ww2" />
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 17, 1945
	|The ], in exile in ] since April 3, 1945, was dissolved. The process of re-establishing the Commonwealth government on Philippine soil had started on October 23, 1944.<ref name="philippines-ww2">{{cite web|url=http://malacanang.gov.ph/5235-70th-anniversary-of-the-second-philippine-republic/ |title=71st Anniversary of the Second Philippine Republic |publisher=Republic of the Philippines Presidential Museum and Library |accessdate=April 11, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315013844/http://malacanang.gov.ph/5235-70th-anniversary-of-the-second-philippine-republic/ |archivedate=March 15, 2015 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|September 4, 1945
	|The ] garrison on ] surrendered to the United States.<ref name="wake-ww2">{{cite web|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/numerical-list-of-images/nhhc-series/nh-series/NH-96000/NH-96813.html |title=Surrender of Wake Atoll, 4 September 1945 |publisher=] |accessdate=April 11, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023112636/https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/numerical-list-of-images/nhhc-series/nh-series/NH-96000/NH-96813.html |archivedate=23 October 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|}
	===1946–Present (Decolonization)===
	{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
	|-
	!scope="col"|Date
	!scope="col"|Event
	!scope="col"|Change Map
	|-
	!scope=row|July 4, 1946
	|The ] ] as the ].<ref name="phil-independence">{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%207/v7.pdf |title=United Nations Treaty Series Volume 7 |accessdate=April 10, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924110851/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%207/v7.pdf |archivedate=September 24, 2015 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 18, 1947
	|The ] entrusted the ] to the United States.<ref name="ttpi">{{cite executive order |number=11021 |url=https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/11021.html |date=July 1, 1962 |language=English |post=President of the United States |accessdate=April 10, 2015}}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 1, 1949
	|The ] were incorporated into ], which inherited the claims on ], ], and ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816132843/http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1948/0024/1.0/DLM247577.html |date=August 16, 2016 }}, NZ Pub Act 1948 No. 24; accessed July 2, 2015</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 1, 1950
	|] was ] into a civil territory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guampedia.com/organic-act-of-guam/ |title=Organic Act of Guam |publisher=Guampedia |accessdate=June 30, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402225954/http://www.guampedia.com/organic-act-of-guam/ |archivedate=April 2, 2015 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{usstat|64|384}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|August 3, 1950
	|] and ] exchanged small portions of land along the ], due to shifts in the river following a flood in 1944.<ref>{{usstat|64|397}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|April 11, 1955
	|Panama's corridor connecting ] with the rest of ] was realigned within the ]. Several three-dimensional "tubes" of sovereignty were also created, allowing Panamanian bridges to pass over rivers and a highway at several locations within the Canal Zone.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304125242/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20241/v241.pdf |date=March 4, 2016 }}, signed May 24, 1950; ] 3430; accessed June 30, 2015</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Evgeny| last=Vinokurov| title = Theory of Enclaves | year = 2007| publisher = Lexington Books, Lanham, MD|pages=190–192| url= https://books.google.com/?id=DcixBgtKMwUC&pg=PA190&lpg=PA190#v=onepage&f=false|accessdate=June 30, 2015| isbn=978-0-7391-2403-1}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''too small to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|August 23, 1955
	|Several border locations of the ] were redefined. Punta Paitilla, the land held on ], and the remaining American holdings in ] and ] were ceded to ].<ref name="vz-cz" /><ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821201656/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20243/v243.pdf |date=August 21, 2016 }}, signed January 25, 1955; ] 3454; accessed June 30, 2015</ref>
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|January 3, 1959
	|The ] was admitted as the forty-ninth state, ].<ref name="vz-ak">Van Zandt, pp. 165–166</ref>
	|align="center"|Northwestern North America:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 21, 1959
	|Most of ] was admitted as the fiftieth state, ]. ] was excluded from statehood and remained a territory.<ref name="doi-palmyra" /><ref name="vz-hi">Van Zandt, p. 166</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 25, 1961
	|About 20 acres of land was transferred from ] to ] near ];<ref name="vz-mn" /><ref>{{usstat|75|399}}</ref> since the area was very small and poorly documented, it is not mapped.
	|align="center"|''too small to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|January 14, 1964
	|The ], a tract of land between ], and ], was divided between the United States and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibwc.gov/Files/ChamizalConvention1963.pdf |title=Boundary: Solution of the Problem of the Chamizal |date=August 29, 1963 |accessdate=April 9, 2015 |publisher=] |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219222000/http://www.ibwc.gov/Files/ChamizalConvention1963.pdf |archivedate=December 19, 2014 |df= }}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|August 4, 1965
	|The ] became self-governing from ]. It claimed the atolls of ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.gov.ck/Constitution.pdf |title=Constitution of the Cook Islands |accessdate=July 2, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064410/http://www.parliament.gov.ck/Constitution.pdf |archivedate=September 24, 2015 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 30, 1966
	|Land on ] in the ] was leased from the ] for use as a military base.<ref>Van Zandt p. 43</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|April 25, 1971
	|The lease of the ] from ] was terminated.<ref name="doi-former" />
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|September 1, 1972
	|The United States recognized the sovereignty of Honduras over the ].<ref name="doi-former" /><ref>{{cite web
	|url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20851/volume-851-I-12199-English.pdf
	|title=Treaty on the Swan Islands
	|accessdate=June 17, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821215204/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20851/volume-851-I-12199-English.pdf
	|archivedate=August 21, 2016
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|March 1, 1977
	|The United States ] maritime borders west of the ], within the ], and in the ] that conflicted with claims of ].<ref name="IBRU">{{cite web|url= http://www.dur.ac.uk/resources/ibru/publications/full/bsb5-3_gray.pdf |title=Canada's Unresolved Maritime Boundaries|pages=61–67|last=Gray|first=David H.| work= IBRU Boundary and Security Bulletin|year=Autumn 1997|accessdate=March 21, 2015}}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|May 26, 1977
	|Several parcels were ] between ] and ] along the ] in areas near ] and ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibwc.gov/Treaties_Minutes/Minutes.html |title=Minutes between the United States and Mexican Sections of the IBWC |publisher=International Boundary and Water Commission |quote=Approvals: United States – May 26, 1977 Mexico – May 26, 1977 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118085558/http://www.ibwc.gov/Treaties_Minutes/Minutes.html |archivedate=November 18, 2016 |df= }}</ref> including the ], on which the town of ] was located,<ref>{{cite web|date=September 26, 1987 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/26/world/south-of-border-was-once-north.html |title=South of Border Was Once North |publisher=] |accessdate=November 11, 2013 |last=Rohter, Larry |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309094658/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/26/world/south-of-border-was-once-north.html |archivedate=March 9, 2014 |df= }}</ref> and Beaver Island near ]. In addition, Mexico ceded {{convert|823|acre|km2}} to the U.S., while the U.S. ceded {{convert|2177|acre|km2}} to Mexico, primarily to straighten sections of the Rio Grande for flood control.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibwc.gov/Files/Minutes/Min257.pdf|title=Completion of the Relocations of the Rio Grande Stipulated in Article I of the Treaty of November 23, 1970 (Minute No. 257)|publisher=]|date=May 18, 1977|accessdate=April 9, 2015}}</ref>
	|]
	|-
	!scope=row|December 16, 1977
	|A ] defining the maritime border with ] was signed; though it has never been ratified by the ], it is provisionally enforced by agreement renewed every two years.<ref name="maritime" />
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|October 1, 1978
	|] became independent from the ]. It claimed the atolls of ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paclii.org/tv/legis/consol_act/cot277/ |title=Constitution of Tuvalu |accessdate=July 2, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828063609/http://www.paclii.org/tv/legis/consol_act/cot277/ |archivedate=August 28, 2015 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|July 12, 1979
	|The ] became independent from the ]. It claimed ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. This dissolved the condominium of the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.gov.ki/content/constitution-kiribati |title=Constitution of Kiribati |year=1979 |accessdate=April 9, 2015 |publisher=Government of Kiribati |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921142232/http://www.parliament.gov.ki/content/constitution-kiribati |archivedate=September 21, 2015 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|October 1, 1979
	|The ] was ] to ]. The United States and Panama continued to share operational control of the canal until December 31, 1999, when it would be fully turned over to Panama.<ref name="torrijos-carter">{{cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1977-1980/panama-canal |publisher=] |date=October 31, 2013 |accessdate=April 9, 2015 |title=The Panama Canal and the Torrijos-Carter Treaties |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108144121/https://history.state.gov/milestones/1977-1980/panama-canal |archivedate=November 8, 2014 |df= }}</ref> The United States retained control over several hundred specified areas to be turned over in ] over the years.
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|November 24, 1980
	|The maritime border between the United States and ] was defined.<ref name="maritime" /><ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204522/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201273/v1273.pdf |date=March 4, 2016 }}, signed March 28, 1978; ] 20984; accessed June 30, 2015</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|September 17, 1981
	|The United States recognized the sovereignty of ] over ] and ], and the claim on ] was abandoned by the United States, as it was no longer above the seas at high tide, and thus the government considered it unclaimable.<ref name="doi-former" /><ref>{{cite web
	|url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201307/volume-1307-I-21801-English.pdf
	|title=Treaty between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Colombia Concerning the Status of Quita Sueño, Roncador, and Serrana
	|accessdate=June 17, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073205/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201307/volume-1307-I-21801-English.pdf
	|archivedate=March 4, 2016
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	|align="center"|Caribbean Sea:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|September 3, 1983
	|The United States ] of the ] territory of ] over ], ], and ], and defined the maritime border with Tokelau.<ref name="maritime" /><ref name="doi-former" /><ref>{{cite web
	|url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201643/v1643.pdf
	|title=Treaty between the United States of America and New Zealand on the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between Tokelau and the United States of America
	|pages=251–267
	|accessdate=June 17, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304230003/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201643/v1643.pdf
	|archivedate=March 4, 2016
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|September 8, 1983
	|The United States ] of the ] over ], ], ], and ], and the maritime border with the Cook Islands was defined.<ref name="maritime" /><ref name="doi-former" /><ref>
	{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/125388.pdf |title=Treaty between the United States of America and the Cook Islands |date=June 11, 1980 |accessdate=April 8, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308194514/http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/125388.pdf |archivedate=March 8, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|September 23, 1983
	|The United States ] of ] over ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref name="doi-former">{{cite web|url=https://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/disputedislands |title=Formerly Disputed Islands |publisher=] ] |accessdate=June 13, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305013711/https://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/disputedislands |archivedate=March 5, 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
	|url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201643/v1643.pdf
	|title=Treaty of Friendship between the United States of America and the Republic of Kiribati
	|pages=239–250
	|accessdate=June 17, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304230003/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201643/v1643.pdf
	|archivedate=March 4, 2016
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	The United States recognized the sovereignty of ] over ], ], ], and ].<ref name="doi-former" /><ref>{{cite web
	|url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%202011/v2011.pdf
	|title=Treaty of Friendship between the United States of America and Tuvalu
	|pages=79–84
	|accessdate=June 17, 2015
	|deadurl=no
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200403/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%202011/v2011.pdf
	|archivedate=March 4, 2016
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|October 12, 1984
	|The ] made its judgment on where the maritime border should be in the ] between the United States and Canada.<ref>
	{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817084511/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=3&k=6f&case=67&code=cigm&p3=4 |date=August 17, 2016 }}, accessed June 30, 2015</ref><ref name="maritime" /> No land changed hands. The scope of the case did not include the sovereignty of Machias Seal Island, but the judgment enabled defining the extent of the disputed water area around that island (an area of 210 square nautical miles).<ref name="IBRU"/>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|October 21, 1986
	|The Marshall Islands District of the ] became independent as the ].<ref name="proclamation-5564" /> The Marshall Islanders had claimed ] as part of their territory since at least 1973, and continued that after independence.<ref>{{cite news|last=Anderson |first=Jon |date=February 8, 1973 |title=Wake Island Claimed By Marshall Islanders |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3864881/wake_island_claimed_by_marshall_islands/ |accessdate=January 28, 2016 |newspaper=The Cameron Herald |location=Cameron, Texas |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819040955/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3864881/wake_island_claimed_by_marshall_islands/ |archivedate=August 19, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|November 3, 1986
	|Most of the ] was dissolved by the ]. The districts of Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Yap became independent as the ]. The Mariana Islands District, having already been taking moves towards integration with the United States, became a territory of the United States, the ].<ref name="proclamation-5564">{{cite web|url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-101/pdf/STATUTE-101-Pg2027.pdf |title=Proclamation 5564: Placing Into Full Force and Effect the Covenant With the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Compacts of Free Association With the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands |author=] |date=November 3, 1986 |accessdate=April 7, 2015 |publisher=] |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924011909/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-101/pdf/STATUTE-101-Pg2027.pdf |archivedate=September 24, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 1, 1990
	|The maritime border between the United States and the ] was provisionally defined.<ref name="maritime" /> The two countries agreed on this date to abide by the terms of the treaty pending its ratification and entry into force,<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821224834/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%202262/v2262.pdf |date=21 August 2016 }}, signed June 1, 1990; ] 40300; accessed July 1, 2015</ref> but while it was ratified by the United States Senate on September 16, 1991,<ref>{{USTreaty|101|22}}</ref> it is unknown if either the Soviet Union or its successor state, ], ratified it.
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|October 1, 1994
	|The remaining district of the ], the Palau District, became independent as the ], dissolving the TTPI.<ref>{{cite news |title=Palau Gains Independence on Saturday |agency=Associated Press |publisher=The Deseret News, via Google News |location=Salt Lake City, Utah, USA |date=30 September 1994 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LOZHAAAAIBAJ&sjid=sewDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5945,7792568&dq=palau&hl=en }}</ref>
	|align="center"|Pacific Ocean:<br>]
	|-
	!scope=row|June 1, 1995
	|The maritime border between the United States and territories of the ] in the ] was defined.<ref name="maritime" /><ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331131528/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201913/v1913.pdf |date=March 31, 2016}}, signed May 11, 1993; ] 32636; accessed July 1, 2015</ref><ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331131528/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%201913/v1913.pdf |date=March 31, 2016}}, signed May 11, 1993; ] 32637; accessed July 1, 2015</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|January 16, 1997
	|] was transferred to the ].<ref name="doi-navassa">{{cite web|url=https://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/navassa |title=Navassa Island |publisher=] ] |accessdate=July 15, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815201647/https://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/navassa |archivedate=August 15, 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref>, ] ], signed January 16, 1997, accessed June 30, 2015</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|November 13, 1997
	|The maritime border between the United States and ] was defined.<ref name="maritime" /><ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304140922/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%202143/v2143.pdf |date=March 4, 2016}}, signed May 4, 1978; ] 37399; accessed June 30, 2015</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|December 31, 1999
	|All former ] parcels not turned over since 1979, as well as all joint canal operations areas, were transferred to ].
	|align="center"|''too small to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|January 17, 2001
	|The maritime border between the United States and ] on the continental shelf in the western Gulf of Mexico beyond 200 nautical miles was defined.<ref name="maritime" /><ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304140922/https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%202143/v2143.pdf |date=March 4, 2016}}, signed June 9, 2000; ] 37400; accessed June 30, 2015</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|November 24, 2009
	|Six islands along the ] were ceded from ] to ], and three islands and two bancos were ceded from Mexico to Texas. The transfer, which had been pending for 20 years, was the first application of Article III of the ].<ref name="maritime" /><ref name="bancos" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibwc.state.gov/Files/Minutes/Joint_Report_315.pdf |title=Minute 315: Adoption of the Delineation of the International Boundary on the 2008 Aerial Photographic Mosaic of the Rio Grande |publisher=] |date=November 24, 2009 |accessdate=June 13, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411202233/http://www.ibwc.state.gov/Files/Minutes/Joint_Report_315.pdf |archivedate=April 11, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|''too small to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|September 23, 2014
	|The maritime border between the United States and ] was ].<ref name="maritime" /><ref>{{USTreaty|105|53}}</ref> The treaty was signed on May 13, 1997, but it was not ratified by the United States until at least 2002, and the ] shows it as entering into force on this date.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/pages/showDetails.aspx?objid=08000002804248ee |title=Treaty between the Government of Niue and the Government of the United States of America on the delimitation of a maritime boundary |publisher=] |accessdate=June 30, 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821191110/https://treaties.un.org/pages/showDetails.aspx?objid=08000002804248ee |archivedate=August 21, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|''no change to map''
	|-
	!scope=row|January 1, 2017
	|The border between ] and ] was clarified following years of surveys and negotiation, moving 19 homes across state lines.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://abc7ny.com/news/border-of-north-and-south-carolina-shifted-on-january-1st/1678605/ |title=Border of North Carolina and South Carolina Realigned on January 1st |work=WABC |date=January 2, 2017 |accessdate=January 3, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103131022/http://abc7ny.com/news/border-of-north-and-south-carolina-shifted-on-january-1st/1678605/ |archivedate=January 3, 2017 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/24/opinion/sunday/how-the-carolinas-fixed-their-blurred-lines.html |title=How the Carolinas Fixed Their Blurred Lines |work=The New York Times |date=August 23, 2014 |accessdate=January 3, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524000946/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/24/opinion/sunday/how-the-carolinas-fixed-their-blurred-lines.html |archivedate=May 24, 2016 |df= }}</ref>
	|align="center"|''too small to map''
	|}
	==Bancos along the Rio Grande==
	{{main article|United States territorial acquisitions#Mexican boundary|Banco Convention of 1905}}
	The ] between the United States and ] allowed, in the event of sudden changes in the course of the ] (as by flooding), for the border to be altered to follow the new course.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibwc.state.gov/Files/Convention_of_1905.pdf |title=Convention Between the United States and Mexico for the Elimination of the Bancos in the Rio Grande from the Effects of Article II of the Treaty of November 12, 1884 |date=June 5, 1907 |accessdate=April 19, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009042029/http://www.ibwc.state.gov/Files/Convention_of_1905.pdf |archivedate=October 9, 2015 |df= }}</ref> The sudden changes often created ''bancos'', land left behind when curves in the river are cut off by rapid erosion of the channel or are intentionally cut to re-align it. When these bancos are created, the ] investigates if land previously belonging to the United States or ] is to be considered on the other side of the border.<ref>{{cite web |last=Metz |first=Leon C. |date=June 12, 2010 |title=Bancos of the Rio Grande |url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/rnb08 |work=Handbook of Texas Online |publisher=Texas State Historical Association |accessdate=July 13, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027194705/https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/rnb08%29 |archivedate=October 27, 2016 |deadurl=no}}</ref> In all cases of these adjustments under the 1905 convention, which occurred on 37 different dates from 1910 to 1976, the transferred land was minuscule (ranging in size from 1 acre to 646 acres) and uninhabited.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ibwc.gov/Treaties_Minutes/Minutes.html | title=IBWC Minutes | publisher=] | accessdate=September 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=zTEHCtUumBXk.k-ueCthwuSNs | title=USA-Mexico Bancos Map | accessdate=September 11, 2017}}</ref>
	==See also==
	{{commons category|Territorial evolution of the United States|snapshots of the country at any given moment}}
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* Territorial evolution of U.S. states:
	** ]
	** ]
	** ]
	** ]
	** ]
	** ]
	** ]
	** ]
	** ]
	** ]
	** ]
	** ]
	** ]
	* ]
	* ]
	==Notes==
	{{notelist}}
	==References==
	{{reflist|2}}
	==Further reading==
	* {{cite book |author=Van Zandt, Franklin K. |year=1976 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=skxAAAAAIAAJ |title=Boundaries of the United States and the Several States: With Miscellaneous Geographic Information Concerning Areas, Altitudes, and Geographic Centers |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=] |oclc=69426475}}
	* {{cite book |last=Stein |first=Mark |authorlink=Mark Stein (author) |year=2008 |title=How the States Got Their Shapes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w6UQZLmZ6LEC |location=New York |publisher=Smithsonian Books/Collins |isbn=978-0-06-143138-8 |oclc=137324984}}

---

Latest revision as of 19:34, 2 November 2024

History of the borders of Alabama

content

Alabama Territory was organized from the eastern half of Mississippi Territory on March 3, 1817. The act defined its borders as:

...beginning at the point where the line of the thirty-first degree of north latitude intersects the Perdido river, thence east to the western boundary line of the state of Georgia, thence along said line to the southern boundary line to the state of Tennessee, thence west along said boundary line to the Tennessee river, thence up the same to the mouth of Bear creek, thence by a direct line to the north-west corner of Washington county, thence due south to the Gulf of Mexico, thence eastwardly, including all the islands within six leagues of the shore, to the Perdido river, and thence up the same to the beginning...

The border between Georgia and Spanish Florida along the 31st parallel north was surveyed in 1799 by Andrew Ellicott, and this line was inherited by Alabama Territory.

The western boundary of Georgia was defined in 1802 as:

... a line beginning on the western bank of the Chatahouchie River where the same crosses the boundary line between the United States and Spain; running thence up the said River Chatahouchie, and along the western bank thereof to the great bend thereof, next above the place where a certain creek or river, called "Uchee" (being the first considerable stream on the western side, above the Cussetas and Coweta towns), empties into the Chatahouchie River; thence in a direct line to Nickajack, on Tennessee River; thence crossing the said last-mentioned river, and thence running up the said Tennessee River and along the western bank thereof to the southern boundary line of the State of Tennessee.

The location of Nickajack was surveyed in 1818, with the report being filed on July 13, and it being approved on December 18, though it is an open question whether that law was sufficient.. While the southern boundary of Tennessee was intended to be the 35th parallel north, the line was incorrectly surveyed south by a mile, so the described border never reaches the Tennessee River. The great bend of the Chattahoochee was surveyed as being located at Miller's Bend (now West Point) and the line from Nickajack to Miller's Bend was surveyed in 1826, but Alabama didn't accept this survey until January 24, 1840.

The southern boundary of Tennessee was inherited from North Carolina, and was defined in the 1776 North Carolina constitution as the 35th parallel north. However, this was not surveyed until the early 19th century. In October 1807, this line was surveyed from a point near 87th meridian west, just east of the Elk River, eastward to the old Cherokee line, about 30 miles. In 1817, the line was extended west to the Tennessee River, and between 1822 and 1839 the line was run east to Georgia.

foo

• Van Zandt, Franklin K. (1976). Boundaries of the United States and the Several States: With Miscellaneous Geographic Information Concerning Areas, Altitudes, and Geographic Centers. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 69426475.

notes

1819-03-02: Enabling Act for admission defined boundaries as above; sec 3 provided: if the south line encroaches on Wayne, Green, or Jackson Counties in Mississippi, the line will be changed to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula

1820-10-12: field notes filed for survey from bear creek to washington county

1820-07-19: demarcation of new line from washington county to gulf

1822-1839: 1817-? border run east as far as georgia

1831: 4 Stat L. 479 defined AL-FL border was 31 N

1847: AL-FL line described as Ellicott's Line: beginning on the Chattahoochee near "Irwin's Mills" West to the Perdido

1853: Ellicott's Line resurveyed

1906: AL-MS boundary described as: West bank of tennessee, six four-pole chains south of and above the mouth of yellow creek Up that to the mouth of Bear Creek Line to what was formerly the NW corner of Washington County Line to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula

1911: Ellicott's Line resurveyed

1954-05-06: AL and FL defined boundary at mouth of perdido and extend it into the gulf

Check code of alabama "1876, p. 189" for GA border, see vz 104

1. 3 Stat. 371
2. Van Zandt 1976, pp. 108–109. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVan_Zandt1976 (help)
3. https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_zlna_tcc775?canvas=0&x=400&y=400&w=1164
4. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40577307?searchText=georgia+tennessee+line&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dgeorgia%2Btennessee%2Bline%26so%3Drel&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A192d121bc98e4e65840ae02d9d42c549&seq=10 page 278
5. Van Zandt 1976, p. 103. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVan_Zandt1976 (help)
6. Van Zandt 1976, p. 109. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVan_Zandt1976 (help)