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{{Short description|Draw poker variant}}
{{Multiple issues| {{Multiple issues|
{{Cleanup|reason=Article, as noted since 2011, is largely unsourced original research with sparse sourcing from URL-only web references, and so it is not encyclopedic in any sense; see new Further reading for some book sources|date=June 2015}} {{Cleanup|reason=Article, as noted since 2011, is largely unsourced original research with sparse sourcing from URL-only web references, and so it is not encyclopedic in any sense; see new Further reading for some book sources|date=June 2015}}
{{Refimprove|date=January 2011}} {{More citations needed|date=January 2011}}
{{Original research|date=June 2015}} {{Original research|date=June 2015}}
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] ]

'''Badugi''' (also known as '''badougi''', '''paduki''' or '''padooki''') is a ] ] variant similar to ], with hand-values similar to ]. The betting structure and overall play of the game is identical to a standard poker game using ], but, unlike traditional poker which involves a minimum of five cards, players' hands contain only four cards at any one time. During each of three drawing rounds, players can trade zero to four cards from their hands for new ones from the deck, in an attempt to form the best ''badugi hand'' and win the pot. Badugi is an often gambling game, with the object being to win money in the form of ]. The winner of the pot is the person with the best badugi hand at the conclusion of play (known as the ]). Badugi is played in ]s around the world, as well as ].<ref name="stars">{{cite web|url=http://www.pokerstars.com/poker/games/badugi/ |title=Badugi Rules - How to Play Online Badugi Poker |publisher=PokerStars.com |date=2014-03-10 |accessdate=2015-06-06}}</ref> '''Badugi''' (also known as '''badougi''', '''paduki''' or '''padooki''') is a ] variant similar to ], with hand-values similar to ]. The betting structure and overall play of the game is identical to a standard poker game using ], but, unlike traditional poker which involves a minimum of five cards, players' hands contain only four cards at any one time. During each of three drawing rounds, players can trade zero to four cards from their hands for new ones from the deck, in an attempt to form the best ''badugi hand'' and win the pot. Badugi is often a gambling game, with the object being to win money in the form of ]. The winner of the pot is the person with the best badugi hand at the conclusion of play (known as the ]). Badugi is played in ]s around the world, as well as ], in rooms such as PokerStars.<ref name="stars">{{cite web|url=http://www.pokerstars.com/poker/games/badugi/ |title=Badugi Rules - How to Play Online Badugi Poker |publisher=PokerStars.com |date=2014-03-10 |access-date=2015-06-06}}</ref> Although it hasn’t had its own tournament per se at the WSOP, it is featured in the Dealers Choice events as well as in the Triple Draw Mix.<ref name="Badugi Rules">{{Cite web|url=http://somuchpoker.com/badugi-rules/|title=Badugi Rules|website=somuchpoker.com|date=8 February 2019 |access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> The 2023 WSOP event does have a Badugi tournament scheduled.


==Origin== ==Origin==
⚫ ===Game origin===
{{refimprove section|date=June 2015}}
⚫ There is some controversy over the origin of this game, which has been played at least since the 1980s.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} Bill Rosmus reports that in the 1980s in Winnipeg, Canada it was played under the name Off Suit Lowball in the back room of pool halls and back room poker clubs.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} Bryan Micon says he has been told by several Korean players that it was also played in South Korea in the 1980s. The name of the game means “black and white spotted dog” in Korean. The game Go has a similar name in Korean, “''baduk''”, derived from the same word.<ref name="Badugi Rules"/>


Another ancestor of badugi is displayed in a game played in Toronto in the 1970s and 1980s, "off on high low", and its variant "leapfrog". In both games the objective was to make a 5 card hand, with a pair being mandatory. Either an "off" hand (all 4 other cards different suits), or an "on" hand (all 4 other cards of one suit). "Leapfrog" made this much more difficult with the stipulation that the cards must be non-contiguous (must not "touch" each other), in terms of pip value (for example 5 & 6). Oftentimes, the pot would "stay", making for a juicy start to the next deal.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}
⚫ ===Of game===
⚫ There is some controversy over the origin of this game, which has been played at least since the 1980s.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} Bill Rosmus reports that in the 1980s in Winnipeg, Canada it was played under the name Off Suit Lowball in the back room of pool halls and back room poker clubs.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} Bryan Micon says he has been told by several Korean players that it was also played in South Korea in the 1980s.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}


===Of name=== ===Etymology===
Nick Wedd reports that the Korean word baduk, or badug refers to a black and white pattern—a black and white pet dog may be called "badugi"—which gives rise to the Korean name baduk for the board game Go, played with black and white stones.<ref name="pagat">{{cite web|url=http://www.pagat.com/poker/variants/badugi.html |title=Rules of Poker Games: Badugi |publisher=Pagat.com |date=2014-12-30 |accessdate=2015-06-06}}</ref> Nick Wedd reports that the Korean word baduk, or badug refers to a black and white pattern—a black and white pet dog may be called "badugi"—which gives rise to the Korean name baduk for ], played with black and white stones.<ref name="pagat">{{cite web|url=http://www.pagat.com/poker/variants/badugi.html |title=Rules of Poker Games: Badugi |publisher=Pagat.com |date=2014-12-30 |access-date=2015-06-06}}</ref>


==Play of the hand== ==Play of the hand==
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2015}} {{unreferenced section|date=June 2015}}
Play begins with each player being dealt four cards face down. The hand begins with a "pre-draw" betting round, beginning with the player to the left of the ] (or the player to the left of the dealer, if no blinds are used) and continuing ]. Each player must either ] the amount of the big blind (put in an amount equal to the big blind), ] (relinquish any claim to the pot), or ] (put in more money than anyone else, thus requiring others to do the same, or fold).<ref name="stars"/> Play begins with each player being dealt four cards face down. The hand begins with a "pre-draw" betting round, beginning with the player to the left of the ] (or the player to the left of the dealer, if no blinds are used) and continuing ]. Each player must either ] the amount of the big blind (put in an amount equal to the big blind), ] (relinquish any claim to the pot), or ] (put in more money than anyone else, thus requiring others to do the same or fold).<ref name="stars"/>


Once everyone has put the same amount of money in the pot or folded, play proceeds to the draw. Beginning with the first player still in the pot to the left of the dealer, each player may discard any number of cards and receive an equal number of replacement cards (called the "draw"). Replacement cards are dealt before the next player chooses the number of cards to draw. The discarded cards are not returned to the deck but are discarded for the remainder of the hand unless the deck becomes depleted, at which point the discards are reshuffled to reform the deck (this could be in the middle of a draw request, but the deck should first be depleted, then reformed after which the draw may continue from the reformed deck). After all participants have either contributed an equal amount to the pot or opted out (folded), the game advances to the draw phase. This stage commences with the player immediately to the dealer's left who remains in the game, allowing each player in turn to discard and replace any number of cards from their hand. This process, known as the "draw", involves players receiving new cards equivalent to the number they discard, with replacement cards distributed before the subsequent player decides on their draw. Discarded cards are removed from play for the duration of the hand. If the deck is exhausted during a draw, the discarded cards are reshuffled to create a new deck, enabling the draw to proceed with the replenished deck. This reshuffling occurs only after the current deck is fully depleted.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}


The first draw is followed by a second betting round. Here players are free to ] (not put in any money, but also remain in the hand) until someone bets. Again betting proceeds until all players have put in an equal amount of money or folded. After the second betting round ends, there is another draw followed by a third betting round. After that there is the final draw, followed by a fourth betting round and the ], if necessary. The first draw is followed by a second betting round. Here players are free to ] (not put in any money, but also remain in the hand) until someone bets. Again betting proceeds until all players have put in an equal amount of money or folded. After the second betting round ends, there is another draw followed by a third betting round. After that there is the final draw, followed by a fourth betting round and the ], if necessary.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}


If at any time all players but one have folded, the sole remaining player is awarded the pot. If there is more than one player remaining at the conclusion of the final betting round, the hands of those players are compared and the player with the best badugi hand is awarded the pot. If at any time all players but one have folded, the sole remaining player is awarded the pot. If there is more than one player remaining at the conclusion of the final betting round, the hands of those players are compared and the player with the best badugi hand is awarded the pot.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}


==Hand evaluation== ==Hand evaluation==
{{refimprove section|date=June 2015}} {{more citations needed section|date=June 2015}}
Badugi ranks ''cards'' low to high as in traditional poker, except with ]s low; thereafter, it has a different ranking of ''hands'' than traditional ], with hands having ''distinct'' sets of ranks and suits being superior. Then, for sets of equal size, as follows, hands with lower sets of card rank superior (as in ]). In Badugi, cards are ranked from low to high, similar to traditional poker, but with ] considered as low. Unlike traditional ], Badugi features a unique hand ranking system where hands composed of cards with differing ranks and suits are more desirable. Furthermore, among hands of the same size, those with a lower rank of cards are considered superior, aligning with the principles of ] poker.


Specifically, the ''badugi hand'' can consist of 1-4 cards of distinct rank and suit, from among the four cards dealt to the player; any duplicated suit or of rank is disregarded.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} Any four-card badugi hand beats a three-card badugi hand, a three-card hand beats a two-card hand, and a two-card hand beats a one-card hand.<ref name="planet">{{cite web|url=http://www.planetpoker.com/games/badugi.asp |title=Badugi - Planet Poker Online Rules |publisher=Planetpoker.com |date= |accessdate=2015-06-06 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401110235/http://www.planetpoker.com:80/games/badugi.asp |archivedate=2015-04-01 |df= }}</ref> A four-card badugi hand that consists of all four ] is called a "badugi".<ref name="club">{{cite web|url=http://www.badugiclub.com/ |title=Badugi Poker - Learn how to Play Badugi |publisher=Badugiclub.com |date= |accessdate=2015-06-06}}</ref> The ''badugi hand'' can consist of 1–4 cards of distinct rank and suit. Any duplicated suit or rank in a hand is disregarded.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Broman |first=Joanna |date=2024-01-29 |title=How to Play Badugi {{!}} Basic Badugi Rules & Tips |url=https://sportslens.com/online-poker/guides/badugi/ |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=Sportslens.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Any four-card badugi hand beats a three-card badugi hand, a three-card hand beats a two-card hand, and a two-card hand beats a one-card hand.<ref name="planet">{{cite web|url=http://www.planetpoker.com/games/badugi.asp |title=Badugi - Planet Poker Online Rules |publisher=Planetpoker.com |access-date=2015-06-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401110235/http://www.planetpoker.com/games/badugi.asp |archive-date=2015-04-01 }}</ref> A four-card badugi hand that consists of all four ] is called a "badugi".<ref name="club">{{cite web|url=http://www.badugiclub.com/ |title=Badugi Poker - Learn how to Play Badugi |publisher=Badugiclub.com |access-date=2015-06-06}}</ref>


Two badugi hands containing the same number of cards are evaluated by comparing the highest card in each hand (where ] is low). As in ], the hand with the lower card is superior. If there is a tie for the highest card, the second highest card (if there is one) is compared. If the ranks of all the cards in the badugi hand are the same the two hands tie. Suits are irrelevant in comparison of two hands. When two Badugi hands have an equal number of cards, they are assessed by comparing the highest-ranking card in each, considering aces as low. The hand with the lower high card is deemed superior, following lowball rules. In case of identical high cards, the next highest card is compared. If all cards in both hands are of equal rank, the hands are considered a tie. Suit differences do not affect the comparison of the two hands.


Thus the best possible hand is A234 of four different suits. The worst possible hand is {{cards|K♣|K♦|K♥|K♠}}. The best possible hand is A234 of four different suits. The worst possible hand is {{cards|Kc|Kd|Kh|Ks}}.


Here are a few further examples: Here are a few additional examples:
⚫ *{{cards|2s|4c|5d|6h}} beats {{cards|As|2c|3d|7h}} (both are four-card hands) since the highest card is compared first and the {{cards|6h}} is smaller than {{cards|7h}}.
⚫ *{{cards|4s|5c|6d|Kh}} beats {{cards|2s|3s|4d|7h}} since the former is a four-card hand and the latter is a three-card hand. (The {{cards|3s}} is disregarded as a duplicate spade, so the hand is a three-card 247.)
⚫ *{{cards|As|5d|9d|9h}} beats {{cards|Ac|2s|2c|Jd}} They reduce to the three-card hands A59 and A2J. <!-- The purpose of this example is to make two points: (1) Ac2s2hJd is not a badugi even though it has four different suits, and (2) unlike in standard lowball, where a pair of deuces would beat a pair of nines, in Badugi you just disregard one of the paired cards and then look at the remaining three cards.-->
⚫ *{{cards|2s|3s|4d|7h}} beats {{cards|4s|5s|6d|Kh}} both are three-card hands, but the highest in the former is the {{cards|7h}} while the highest in the latter is the {{cards|Kh}}.
*{{cards|As|2c|3d|3s}} and {{cards|Ad|2h|3c|Kc}} are of the same strength, since both of them reduce to the three-card hand A23. The redundant ({{cards|3s}} and {{cards|Kc}}) do not affect the strength of the hands as they are disregarded.
⚫ *{{cards|5d|7c|Kc|Kh}} beats {{cards|2s|3d|Ks|Kd}} as the former is a three-card hand (after disregarding the {{cards|Kc}}) while the latter is a two-card hand (both kings are disregarded since each is the same suit as another card in the hand).


⚫ If one can construct two (or more) different badugi hands with the same four cards (as in the final example), ''the better badugi hand'' is evaluated against the other hands. This occurs when there are at least two cards of the same suit; one of which is paired. Here, disregarding the paired, suited card generates a better hand than disregarding any other card.
⚫ *{{cards|2♠|4♣|5♦|6♥}} beats {{cards|A♠|2♣|3♦|7♥}} (both are four-card hands) since the highest card is compared first and the {{cards|6♥}} is smaller than {{cards|7♥}}.
⚫ *{{cards|4♠|5♣|6♦|K♥}} beats {{cards|2♠|3♠|4♦|7♥}} since the former is a four-card hand and the latter is a three-card hand. (The {{cards|3♠}} is disregarded as a duplicate spade, so the hand is a three-card 247.)
⚫ *{{cards|A♠|5♦|9♦|9♥}} beats {{cards|A♣|2♠|2♣|J♦}}. They reduce to the three-card hands A59 and A2J. <!-- The purpose of this example is to make two points: (1) A♣2♠2♥J♦ is not a badugi even though it has four different suits, and (2) unlike in standard lowball, where a pair of deuces would beat a pair of nines, in Badugi you just disregard one of the paired cards and then look at the remaining three cards.-->
⚫ *{{cards|2♠|3♠|4♦|7♥}} beats {{cards|4♠|5♠|6♦|K♥}}; both are three-card hands, but the highest in the former is the {{cards|7♥}} while the highest in the latter is the {{cards|K♥}}.
⚫ *{{cards|5♦|7♣|K♣|K♥}} beats {{cards|2♠|3♦|K♠|K♦}} as the former is a three-card hand (after disregarding the {{cards|K♣}}) while the latter is a two-card hand (both kings are disregarded since each is the same suit as another card in the hand).

⚫ If one can construct two (or more) different badugi hands with the same four cards (as in the final example), ''the better badugi hand'' is evaluated against the other hands. This occurs when there are at least two cards of the same suit one of which is paired. Here disregarding the paired, suited card generates a better hand than disregarding any other card.


==Example hand== ==Example hand==
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'''Compulsory bets:''' Alice is the dealer. Bob, to Alice's left, posts a small blind of $1, and Carol posts a big blind of $2. '''Compulsory bets:''' Alice is the dealer. Bob, to Alice's left, posts a small blind of $1, and Carol posts a big blind of $2.


'''First betting round:''' Alice deals four cards face down to each player, beginning with Bob and ending with herself. Ted must act first because he is the first player after the big blind. He cannot check, since the $2 big blind plays as a bet, so he folds. Alice calls the $2. Bob adds an additional $1 to his $1 small blind to call the $2 total. Carol's blind is "live" (see ]), so she has the ''option'' to raise here, but she checks instead, ending the first betting round. The pot now contains $6, $2 from each of three players. '''First betting round:''' Alice deals four cards face down to each player, beginning with Bob and ending with herself. Ted must act first because he is the first player after the big blind. He cannot check, since the $2 big blind plays as a bet, so he folds. Alice calls the $2. Bob adds an additional $1 to his $1 small blind to call the $2 total. Carol's blind is "live", so she has the ''option'' to raise here, but she checks instead, ending the first betting round. The pot now contains $6, $2 from each of three players.


'''First draw:''' Each player may now opt to draw up to four cards in an attempt to improve his hand. Bob, who is to the dealer's immediate left, is given the first chance to draw. Bob discards two cards and receives two replacement cards from the top of the deck. Bob's discarded cards are not added to the deck, but removed from play. Carol now also chooses to draw two. Finally, Alice chooses to draw one. '''First draw:''' Each player may now opt to draw up to four cards in an attempt to improve his hand. Bob, who is to the dealer's immediate left, is given the first chance to draw. Bob discards two cards and receives two replacement cards from the top of the deck. Bob's discarded cards are not added to the deck, but removed from play. Carol now also chooses to draw two. Finally, Alice chooses to draw one.


'''Second betting round:''' Since there are no forced bets in later betting rounds, Bob is now first to act. He chooses to check, remaining in the hand without betting. Carol bets, adding $2 to the pot. Alice and Bob both call, each adding $2 to the pot. The pot now contains $12. '''Second betting round:''' Since there are no forced bets in later betting rounds, Bob is now first to act. He chooses to check, remaining in the hand without betting. Carol bets, adding $2 to the pot. Alice and Bob both call, each adding $2 to the pot. The pot now contains $12.


'''Second draw:''' Bob draws one. Carol opts not to draw any cards, keeping the four she has (known as ''standing pat''). Alice draws one. '''Second draw:''' Bob draws one. Carol opts not to draw any cards, keeping the four she has (known as ''standing pat''). Alice draws one.


'''Third betting round:''' Bob checks again and Carol bets $4. Alice, this round, raises making the total bet $8. Bob folds and Carol calls the additional $4. The pot now contains $28. '''Third betting round:''' Bob checks again and Carol bets $4. Alice, this round, raises making the total bet $8. Bob folds and Carol calls the additional $4. The pot now contains $28.


'''Third draw:''' Since Bob has folded, Carol is now first to act. She opts to draw one. Alice stands pat (does not draw). '''Third draw:''' Since Bob has folded, Carol is now first to act. She opts to draw one. Alice stands pat (does not draw).


'''Last betting round:''' Carol checks and Alice bets $4. Carol calls. '''Last betting round:''' Carol checks and Alice bets $4. Carol calls.


'''Showdown:''' Alice shows {{cards|2♠|4♣|6♦|9♥}} for a nine-high badugi (or four card hand). Carol has {{cards|3♠|5♦|7♣|8♥}}, an eight-high badugi. Carol wins the $36 pot. '''Showdown:''' Alice shows {{cards|2♠|4♣|6♦|9♥}} for a nine-high badugi (or four card hand). Carol has {{cards|3♠|5♦|7♣|8♥}}, an eight-high badugi. Carol wins the $36 pot.


==Betting structures== ==Betting structures==
{{unreferenced section|date=June 2015}} {{unreferenced section|date=June 2015}}
In casino play, it is common to use a ] and two ]s. The limit for the first two rounds of betting is called a ''small bet'', while the limit for the third and fourth betting rounds is called a ] and is generally double the small bet. The ''small blind'' is usually equal to half of a small bet, and the ''big blind'' is equal to a full small bet. In casino play, it is common to use a ] and two blinds. The limit for the first two rounds of betting is called a ''small bet'', while the limit for the third and fourth betting rounds is called a ] and is generally double the small bet. The ''small blind'' is usually equal to half of a small bet, and the ''big blind'' is equal to a full small bet.


This game is also played ], half-pot-limit, and rarely, ]. These structures allow for more range in the amounts bet. This game is also played ], half-pot-limit, and (rarely) ]. These structures allow for more range in the amounts bet.


==Strategy== ==Strategy==
Like other card games with a fixed order of play, ] can be an important component in badugi strategy.<ref name="stars"/> Players who are last to act often have an opportunity to ] since they are able to observe the actions of other players before they act. In addition, players in late position are able to determine the strength of their hand more accurately by observing the actions of other players. Like other card games with a fixed order of play, ] can be an important component in badugi strategy.<ref name="stars"/> Players who are last to act often have an opportunity to ] since they are able to observe the actions of other players before they act. In addition, players in late position are able to determine the strength of their hand more accurately by observing the actions of other players. Overall, people tend to play Badugi tighter than other draw games, meaning they fold more hands pre-draw. This seems to be advisable to everyone.


When drawing one card, there are only ten cards which will fill the badugi, the members of the fourth suit which don't pair the other three cards. A player holding a badugi can use this to estimate odds. For example, a player with an 8 high hand, knows at most 5 cards (A to 8, less the three pairs) will fill an opponent's hand. When drawing one card, there are only ten cards which will fill the badugi, the members of the fourth suit which don't pair the other three cards. A player holding a badugi can use this to estimate odds. For example, a player with an 8 high hand, knows at most 5 cards (A to 8, less the three pairs) will fill an opponent's hand.


Another aspect of the strategy of badugi involves the number of people at the table. The more people there are at the table, the more likely there is to be a 4-card badugi. Bluffing with a 2 or 3 card hand is not usually advisable when playing at a 6-player table. When playing with fewer than 4 people, bluffing becomes potentially more effective with a three-card hand.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}<ref name="bpoker"> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016040105/http://www.badugipoker.com/ |date=October 16, 2008 }}</ref> Another aspect of the strategy of badugi involves the number of people at the table. The more people there are at the table, the more likely there is to be a 4-card badugi. Bluffing with a 2 or 3 card hand is not usually advisable when playing at a 6-player table. When playing with fewer than 4 people, bluffing becomes potentially more effective with a three-card hand.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}<ref name="bpoker"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016040105/http://www.badugipoker.com/|date=October 16, 2008}}</ref>


If a player has a three-card badugi such as {{cards|Ac|2s|3d|3h}} in the first round, the probability of making a four-card badugi by the final draw is 51%. With a one-card draw, the chance of making a badugi is approximately 21% per draw.<ref name="badugiplayer">{{cite web|url=http://www.badugiplayer.com/badugi-odds-chart/ |title=Badugi Odds Chart |publisher=Badugiplayer.com |date= |accessdate=2015-06-06}}</ref> If a player has a three-card badugi such as {{cards|Ac|2s|3d|3h}} in the first round, the probability of making a four-card badugi by the final draw is 51%. With a one-card draw, the chance of making a badugi is approximately 21% per draw.<ref name="badugiplayer">{{cite web |url=http://www.badugiplayer.com/badugi-odds-chart/ |title=Badugi Odds Chart |url-status=dead |publisher=Badugiplayer.com |access-date=2015-06-06 |archive-date=2016-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113172644/http://www.badugiplayer.com/badugi-odds-chart/ }}</ref>


In badugi, the ] often justify or contradict making a call or folding a hand.<ref name="howtolearnpoker">{{cite web|url=http://www.howtolearnpoker.net/2011/05/badugi-poker-is-your-best-chance-of-becoming-a-world-class-poker-player/ |title=Badugi is your best of becoming a world class poker player |publisher=Howtolearnpoker.net |date=2011-05-30 |accessdate=2015-06-06 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326001819/http://www.howtolearnpoker.net/2011/05/badugi-poker-is-your-best-chance-of-becoming-a-world-class-poker-player/ |archivedate=2012-03-26 |df= }}</ref> In badugi, the ] often justify or contradict making a call or folding a hand.<ref name="howtolearnpoker">{{cite web|url=http://www.howtolearnpoker.net/2011/05/badugi-poker-is-your-best-chance-of-becoming-a-world-class-poker-player/ |title=Badugi is your best of becoming a world class poker player |publisher=Howtolearnpoker.net |date=2011-05-30 |access-date=2015-06-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326001819/http://www.howtolearnpoker.net/2011/05/badugi-poker-is-your-best-chance-of-becoming-a-world-class-poker-player/ |archive-date=2012-03-26 }}</ref>


==Further reading== ==References==
* Anon., 2005, "Tribeca Tables Launches Badugi Network," at ''Casino City Times'' (online), November 15, 2005, see,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.casinocitytimes.com/news/article/tribeca-tables-launches-badugi-network-154728 |accessdate=June 6, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107152150/http://www.casinocitytimes.com/news/article/tribeca-tables-launches-badugi-network-154728 |archivedate=January 7, 2010 }}</ref> accessed 6 June 2015.
⚫ * David Sklansky, 2009, "A Note on Badugi," in "Poker, Gaming, & Life: Fighting Fuzzy Thinking," pp.&nbsp;98f, Henderson, NV:Two Plus Two Publishing, ISBN 1880685450, see,<ref> {{dead link|date=June 2015}}</ref> accessed 6 June 2015.
⚫ * James McManus, 2009, "Cowboys Full: The Story of Poker," p.&nbsp;427, New York:Macmillan, ISBN 1429990686, see,<ref> {{dead link|date=June 2015}}</ref> accessed 6 June 2015.
⚫ * Alex Scott, 2011, "Badugi," in "What I Know about Poker: Lessons in Texas Hold'em, Omaha and Other Poker Games," pp.&nbsp;33–36, ISBN 0956715133, see,<ref> {{dead link|date=June 2015}}</ref> accessed 6 June 2015.
⚫ * Victor H. Royer, 2014, "Badugi," in "Powerful Profits From Internet Poker," pp.&nbsp;274–280, Fort Lee, NJ:Lyle Stuart/Barricade, ISBN 0818407794, see,<ref> {{dead link|date=June 2015}}</ref> accessed 6 June 2015.

==References and notes==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
⚫ * James McManus, 2009, "Cowboys Full: The Story of Poker," p.&nbsp;427, New York:Macmillan, {{ISBN|1429990686}}
⚫ * Victor H. Royer, 2014, "Badugi," in "Powerful Profits From Internet Poker," pp.&nbsp;274–280, Fort Lee, NJ:Lyle Stuart/Barricade, {{ISBN|0818407794}}
⚫ * Alex Scott, 2011, "Badugi," in "What I Know about Poker: Lessons in Texas Hold'em, Omaha and Other Poker Games," pp.&nbsp;33–36, {{ISBN|0956715133}}
⚫ * David Sklansky, 2009, "A Note on Badugi," in "Poker, Gaming, & Life: Fighting Fuzzy Thinking," pp.&nbsp;98f, Henderson, NV:Two Plus Two Publishing, {{ISBN|1880685450}}


] ]

Latest revision as of 12:00, 21 December 2024

Draw poker variant
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A best hand in badugi, a four-high badugi.

Badugi (also known as badougi, paduki or padooki) is a draw poker variant similar to triple draw, with hand-values similar to lowball. The betting structure and overall play of the game is identical to a standard poker game using blinds, but, unlike traditional poker which involves a minimum of five cards, players' hands contain only four cards at any one time. During each of three drawing rounds, players can trade zero to four cards from their hands for new ones from the deck, in an attempt to form the best badugi hand and win the pot. Badugi is often a gambling game, with the object being to win money in the form of pots. The winner of the pot is the person with the best badugi hand at the conclusion of play (known as the showdown). Badugi is played in cardrooms around the world, as well as online, in rooms such as PokerStars. Although it hasn’t had its own tournament per se at the WSOP, it is featured in the Dealers Choice events as well as in the Triple Draw Mix. The 2023 WSOP event does have a Badugi tournament scheduled.

Origin

Game origin

There is some controversy over the origin of this game, which has been played at least since the 1980s. Bill Rosmus reports that in the 1980s in Winnipeg, Canada it was played under the name Off Suit Lowball in the back room of pool halls and back room poker clubs. Bryan Micon says he has been told by several Korean players that it was also played in South Korea in the 1980s. The name of the game means “black and white spotted dog” in Korean. The game Go has a similar name in Korean, “baduk”, derived from the same word.

Another ancestor of badugi is displayed in a game played in Toronto in the 1970s and 1980s, "off on high low", and its variant "leapfrog". In both games the objective was to make a 5 card hand, with a pair being mandatory. Either an "off" hand (all 4 other cards different suits), or an "on" hand (all 4 other cards of one suit). "Leapfrog" made this much more difficult with the stipulation that the cards must be non-contiguous (must not "touch" each other), in terms of pip value (for example 5 & 6). Oftentimes, the pot would "stay", making for a juicy start to the next deal.

Etymology

Nick Wedd reports that the Korean word baduk, or badug refers to a black and white pattern—a black and white pet dog may be called "badugi"—which gives rise to the Korean name baduk for the board game Go, played with black and white stones.

Play of the hand

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Play begins with each player being dealt four cards face down. The hand begins with a "pre-draw" betting round, beginning with the player to the left of the big blind (or the player to the left of the dealer, if no blinds are used) and continuing clockwise. Each player must either call the amount of the big blind (put in an amount equal to the big blind), fold (relinquish any claim to the pot), or raise (put in more money than anyone else, thus requiring others to do the same or fold).

After all participants have either contributed an equal amount to the pot or opted out (folded), the game advances to the draw phase. This stage commences with the player immediately to the dealer's left who remains in the game, allowing each player in turn to discard and replace any number of cards from their hand. This process, known as the "draw", involves players receiving new cards equivalent to the number they discard, with replacement cards distributed before the subsequent player decides on their draw. Discarded cards are removed from play for the duration of the hand. If the deck is exhausted during a draw, the discarded cards are reshuffled to create a new deck, enabling the draw to proceed with the replenished deck. This reshuffling occurs only after the current deck is fully depleted.

The first draw is followed by a second betting round. Here players are free to check (not put in any money, but also remain in the hand) until someone bets. Again betting proceeds until all players have put in an equal amount of money or folded. After the second betting round ends, there is another draw followed by a third betting round. After that there is the final draw, followed by a fourth betting round and the showdown, if necessary.

If at any time all players but one have folded, the sole remaining player is awarded the pot. If there is more than one player remaining at the conclusion of the final betting round, the hands of those players are compared and the player with the best badugi hand is awarded the pot.

Hand evaluation

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In Badugi, cards are ranked from low to high, similar to traditional poker, but with aces considered as low. Unlike traditional poker, Badugi features a unique hand ranking system where hands composed of cards with differing ranks and suits are more desirable. Furthermore, among hands of the same size, those with a lower rank of cards are considered superior, aligning with the principles of lowball poker.

The badugi hand can consist of 1–4 cards of distinct rank and suit. Any duplicated suit or rank in a hand is disregarded. Any four-card badugi hand beats a three-card badugi hand, a three-card hand beats a two-card hand, and a two-card hand beats a one-card hand. A four-card badugi hand that consists of all four suits is called a "badugi".

When two Badugi hands have an equal number of cards, they are assessed by comparing the highest-ranking card in each, considering aces as low. The hand with the lower high card is deemed superior, following lowball rules. In case of identical high cards, the next highest card is compared. If all cards in both hands are of equal rank, the hands are considered a tie. Suit differences do not affect the comparison of the two hands.

The best possible hand is A234 of four different suits. The worst possible hand is K♣ K♦ K♥ K♠.

Here are a few additional examples:

  • 2♠ 4♣ 5♦ 6♥ beats A♠ 2♣ 3♦ 7♥ (both are four-card hands) since the highest card is compared first and the 6♥ is smaller than 7♥.
  • 4♠ 5♣ 6♦ K♥ beats 2♠ 3♠ 4♦ 7♥ since the former is a four-card hand and the latter is a three-card hand. (The 3♠ is disregarded as a duplicate spade, so the hand is a three-card 247.)
  • A♠ 5♦ 9♦ 9♥ beats A♣ 2♠ 2♣ J♦ They reduce to the three-card hands A59 and A2J.
  • 2♠ 3♠ 4♦ 7♥ beats 4♠ 5♠ 6♦ K♥ both are three-card hands, but the highest in the former is the 7♥ while the highest in the latter is the K♥.
  • A♠ 2♣ 3♦ 3♠ and A♦ 2♥ 3♣ K♣ are of the same strength, since both of them reduce to the three-card hand A23. The redundant (3♠ and K♣) do not affect the strength of the hands as they are disregarded.
  • 5♦ 7♣ K♣ K♥ beats 2♠ 3♦ K♠ K♦ as the former is a three-card hand (after disregarding the K♣) while the latter is a two-card hand (both kings are disregarded since each is the same suit as another card in the hand).

If one can construct two (or more) different badugi hands with the same four cards (as in the final example), the better badugi hand is evaluated against the other hands. This occurs when there are at least two cards of the same suit; one of which is paired. Here, disregarding the paired, suited card generates a better hand than disregarding any other card.

Example hand

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The blinds for this example hand

Here is a sample deal involving four players. The players' individual hands will not be revealed until the showdown, to give a better sense of what happens during play:

Compulsory bets: Alice is the dealer. Bob, to Alice's left, posts a small blind of $1, and Carol posts a big blind of $2.

First betting round: Alice deals four cards face down to each player, beginning with Bob and ending with herself. Ted must act first because he is the first player after the big blind. He cannot check, since the $2 big blind plays as a bet, so he folds. Alice calls the $2. Bob adds an additional $1 to his $1 small blind to call the $2 total. Carol's blind is "live", so she has the option to raise here, but she checks instead, ending the first betting round. The pot now contains $6, $2 from each of three players.

First draw: Each player may now opt to draw up to four cards in an attempt to improve his hand. Bob, who is to the dealer's immediate left, is given the first chance to draw. Bob discards two cards and receives two replacement cards from the top of the deck. Bob's discarded cards are not added to the deck, but removed from play. Carol now also chooses to draw two. Finally, Alice chooses to draw one.

Second betting round: Since there are no forced bets in later betting rounds, Bob is now first to act. He chooses to check, remaining in the hand without betting. Carol bets, adding $2 to the pot. Alice and Bob both call, each adding $2 to the pot. The pot now contains $12.

Second draw: Bob draws one. Carol opts not to draw any cards, keeping the four she has (known as standing pat). Alice draws one.

Third betting round: Bob checks again and Carol bets $4. Alice, this round, raises making the total bet $8. Bob folds and Carol calls the additional $4. The pot now contains $28.

Third draw: Since Bob has folded, Carol is now first to act. She opts to draw one. Alice stands pat (does not draw).

Last betting round: Carol checks and Alice bets $4. Carol calls.

Showdown: Alice shows 2♠ 4♣ 6♦ 9♥ for a nine-high badugi (or four card hand). Carol has 3♠ 5♦ 7♣ 8♥, an eight-high badugi. Carol wins the $36 pot.

Betting structures

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In casino play, it is common to use a fixed limit and two blinds. The limit for the first two rounds of betting is called a small bet, while the limit for the third and fourth betting rounds is called a big bet and is generally double the small bet. The small blind is usually equal to half of a small bet, and the big blind is equal to a full small bet.

This game is also played pot-limit, half-pot-limit, and (rarely) no-limit. These structures allow for more range in the amounts bet.

Strategy

Like other card games with a fixed order of play, position can be an important component in badugi strategy. Players who are last to act often have an opportunity to bluff since they are able to observe the actions of other players before they act. In addition, players in late position are able to determine the strength of their hand more accurately by observing the actions of other players. Overall, people tend to play Badugi tighter than other draw games, meaning they fold more hands pre-draw. This seems to be advisable to everyone.

When drawing one card, there are only ten cards which will fill the badugi, the members of the fourth suit which don't pair the other three cards. A player holding a badugi can use this to estimate odds. For example, a player with an 8 high hand, knows at most 5 cards (A to 8, less the three pairs) will fill an opponent's hand.

Another aspect of the strategy of badugi involves the number of people at the table. The more people there are at the table, the more likely there is to be a 4-card badugi. Bluffing with a 2 or 3 card hand is not usually advisable when playing at a 6-player table. When playing with fewer than 4 people, bluffing becomes potentially more effective with a three-card hand.

If a player has a three-card badugi such as A♣ 2♠ 3♦ 3♥ in the first round, the probability of making a four-card badugi by the final draw is 51%. With a one-card draw, the chance of making a badugi is approximately 21% per draw.

In badugi, the pot odds often justify or contradict making a call or folding a hand.

References

  1. ^ "Badugi Rules - How to Play Online Badugi Poker". PokerStars.com. 2014-03-10. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
  2. ^ "Badugi Rules". somuchpoker.com. 8 February 2019. Retrieved 2019-04-04.
  3. "Rules of Poker Games: Badugi". Pagat.com. 2014-12-30. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
  4. Broman, Joanna (2024-01-29). "How to Play Badugi | Basic Badugi Rules & Tips". Sportslens.com. Retrieved 2024-02-20.
  5. "Badugi - Planet Poker Online Rules". Planetpoker.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-01. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
  6. "Badugi Poker - Learn how to Play Badugi". Badugiclub.com. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
  7. Archived October 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  8. "Badugi Odds Chart". Badugiplayer.com. Archived from the original on 2016-01-13. Retrieved 2015-06-06.
  9. "Badugi is your best of becoming a world class poker player". Howtolearnpoker.net. 2011-05-30. Archived from the original on 2012-03-26. Retrieved 2015-06-06.

Further reading

  • James McManus, 2009, "Cowboys Full: The Story of Poker," p. 427, New York:Macmillan, ISBN 1429990686
  • Victor H. Royer, 2014, "Badugi," in "Powerful Profits From Internet Poker," pp. 274–280, Fort Lee, NJ:Lyle Stuart/Barricade, ISBN 0818407794
  • Alex Scott, 2011, "Badugi," in "What I Know about Poker: Lessons in Texas Hold'em, Omaha and Other Poker Games," pp. 33–36, ISBN 0956715133
  • David Sklansky, 2009, "A Note on Badugi," in "Poker, Gaming, & Life: Fighting Fuzzy Thinking," pp. 98f, Henderson, NV:Two Plus Two Publishing, ISBN 1880685450
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