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| {{About|the Vichy-era consultative assembly|other uses of "National Council"|National Council}} | {{About|the Vichy-era consultative assembly|other uses of "National Council"|National Council (disambiguation){{!}}National Council}} | ||
| {{Infobox |
{{Infobox legislature | ||
| | name = National Council | | name = National Council | ||
| | |
| native_name = Conseil national | ||
| | native_name_lang = French | |||
| ⚫ | | |
||
| | |
| foundation = 22 January 1941 | ||
| | |
| disbanded = 30 November 1943 | ||
| ⚫ | | duration = 22 01 1941 to 30 11 1943 | ||
| ⚫ | | constitution = ] | ||
| | head_of_state_type = ] | | head_of_state_type = ] | ||
| | head_of_state = ] | | head_of_state = ] | ||
| Line 11: | Line 13: | ||
| | election_method = Appointment by the Head of State | | election_method = Appointment by the Head of State | ||
| | legislature_composition_caption = Composition as of {{date|11|November|1941}} | | legislature_composition_caption = Composition as of {{date|11|November|1941}} | ||
| |
| party_1 = Left-wing (30 seats) | ||
| | party_2 = Right-wing (27 seats) | |||
| {{legend|#DADADA|Independent: 65 seats}} | |||
| | party_3 = Independent (65 seats) | |||
| {{legend|#1F497B|Right-wing: 27 seats}} | |||
| }} | }} | ||
| The '''National Council''' was a consultative assembly created on |
The '''National Council''' was a consultative assembly created on 22 January 1941 by the ] during ] under the direction of ]. It aimed to replace representative democracy with a structure intended to provide policy advice to the regime. The Council ceased operations in November 1943. | ||
| == History == | == History == | ||
| === Background and creation === | === Background and creation === | ||
| Under the ], the ] abolished parliamentary democracy, prompting the establishment of the National Council as a new advisory body. Announced in January 1941,<ref>{{cite journal|title=The "National Revolution" in France|first=Paul|last=Vaucher|journal=Political Science Quarterly|volume=57|issue=1|date=Mar 1942|pages=7–27|doi=10.2307/2143506|jstor=2143506 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2143506}}</ref> the Council sought to serve as a forum for discussions and recommendations on administrative and constitutional reforms in a context of national reconstruction. Unlike many other Vichy institutions it represented both the Vichy zone and the ].<ref>{{cite book|author-link=Michèle Cointet|last1=Cointet|first1=Michèle|title=Vichy et le fascisme : les hommes, les structures et les pouvoirs|date=1987|publisher=Editions Complexe|location=Bruxelles|isbn=9782870272121|oclc=18177445|page=53|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2DmL-P29lsgC&q=Vichy+et+le+fascisme+:+les+hommes,+les+structures+et+les+pouvoirs}}</ref> | |||
| === Operations === | === Operations === | ||
| The |
The council was a purely advisory body with no legislative powers, which had been kept with Petain.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Political Theory of Vichy|first=Gladys M.|last=Kammerer|journal=The Journal of Politics|volume=5|issue=4|date=November 1943|pages=407–434|doi=10.2307/2125296|jstor=2125296 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2125296}}</ref> It convened commissions on specific topics, such as administrative reorganization, economic reform, and constitutional development. Sessions were held from May 1941 to early 1942 at the ] in Vichy. | ||
| == Composition == | == Composition == | ||
| === Structure === | === Structure === | ||
| The National Council comprised 213 members appointed directly by the Head of State. These included former parliamentarians, union representatives, professional leaders, and prominent figures from the social, cultural, and economic elites. | The National Council comprised 213 members<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SPdnAAAAMAAJ|author-link=Michèle Cointet|last1=Cointet|first1=Michèle|title=Le Conseil national de Vichy : vie politique et réforme de l'Etat en régime autoritaire, 1940-1944|date=1989|publisher=Aux Amateurs de livres|location=Paris|isbn=9782878410006|oclc=25095218|page=77}}</ref> appointed directly by the Head of State. These included former parliamentarians, union representatives, professional leaders, and prominent figures from the social, cultural, and economic elites. | ||
| === Represented groups === | === Represented groups === | ||
| Line 39: | Line 41: | ||
| == References == | == References == | ||
| {{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
| == See also == | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| == Further reading == | |||
| * Cointet, Michèle. ''The National Council of Vichy: Political Life and State Reform under Authoritarian Rule, 1940–1944''. Paris: Libris Editions, 1989. | |||
| * Cointet-Labrousse, Michèle. ''Vichy and Fascism: Structures, Powers, and Individuals''. Editions Complexe, 1991. | |||
| == External links == | == External links == | ||
| Line 57: | Line 50: | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 07:37, 30 December 2024
This article is about the Vichy-era consultative assembly. For other uses of "National Council", see National Council.| National Council Conseil national | |
|---|---|
| History | |
| Founded | 22 January 1941 |
| Disbanded | 30 November 1943 |
| Constitution | |
| Vichy France | |
The National Council was a consultative assembly created on 22 January 1941 by the Vichy regime during World War II under the direction of Pierre-Étienne Flandin. It aimed to replace representative democracy with a structure intended to provide policy advice to the regime. The Council ceased operations in November 1943.
History
Background and creation
Under the National Revolution, the Vichy regime abolished parliamentary democracy, prompting the establishment of the National Council as a new advisory body. Announced in January 1941, the Council sought to serve as a forum for discussions and recommendations on administrative and constitutional reforms in a context of national reconstruction. Unlike many other Vichy institutions it represented both the Vichy zone and the occupied zone.
Operations
The council was a purely advisory body with no legislative powers, which had been kept with Petain. It convened commissions on specific topics, such as administrative reorganization, economic reform, and constitutional development. Sessions were held from May 1941 to early 1942 at the Villa Strauss in Vichy.
Composition
Structure
The National Council comprised 213 members appointed directly by the Head of State. These included former parliamentarians, union representatives, professional leaders, and prominent figures from the social, cultural, and economic elites.
Represented groups
- Former parliamentarians: Senators and deputies from the Third French Republic.
- Trade unionists: Representatives of the CGT, French Confederation of Christian Workers, and other unions.
- Economic and cultural elites: Business leaders, academics, scientists, lawyers, and artists.
Legacy
The National Council symbolized the Vichy regime's attempts to legitimize its governance while rejecting democratic institutions. Critics have characterized it as a tool of authoritarian consolidation. It was officially dissolved in November 1943 as part of broader institutional changes.
References
- Vaucher, Paul (Mar 1942). "The "National Revolution" in France". Political Science Quarterly. 57 (1): 7–27. doi:10.2307/2143506. JSTOR 2143506.
- Cointet, Michèle (1987). Vichy et le fascisme : les hommes, les structures et les pouvoirs. Bruxelles: Editions Complexe. p. 53. ISBN 9782870272121. OCLC 18177445.
- Kammerer, Gladys M. (November 1943). "The Political Theory of Vichy". The Journal of Politics. 5 (4): 407–434. doi:10.2307/2125296. JSTOR 2125296.
- Cointet, Michèle (1989). Le Conseil national de Vichy : vie politique et réforme de l'Etat en régime autoritaire, 1940-1944. Paris: Aux Amateurs de livres. p. 77. ISBN 9782878410006. OCLC 25095218.