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{{Graphical timeline |
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{{Under construction}} |
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|title=Timeline of the Bengali language |
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|align=right |
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|height = 50 |
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|plot-colour= #FFF8DC |
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|from=2050 |
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|to=400 |
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|scale-increment=100 |
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|bar1-from=650 |
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|bar1-to=1350 |
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|bar1-text=] |
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|bar1-left=0 |
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|bar1-right=1 |
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|bar1-color= #FFDAB9 |
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|bar2-from=1350 |
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|bar2-to=1600 |
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|bar2-text=Early Middle Bengali |
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|bar2-left=0 |
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|bar2-right=1 |
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|bar2-color= #FFA07A |
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|bar3-from=1600 |
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|bar3-to=1800 |
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|bar3-text=Later Middle Bengali |
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|bar3-left=0 |
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|bar3-right=1 |
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|bar3-color = #FF7F50 |
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|bar4-from=1800 |
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|bar4-to=2000 |
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|bar4-text=Modern Bengali |
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|bar4-left=0 |
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|bar4-right=1 |
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|bar4-color = #FF4500 |
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|bar5-from=400 |
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|bar5-to=650 |
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|bar5-text= ↓Gaudi Apabhraṃśa |
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|bar5-left=0 |
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|bar5-right=1 |
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|bar5-color = #FFF8DC |
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|bar6-from=2000 |
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|bar6-to=2100 |
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|bar6-text={{white| ↑Future}} |
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|bar6-left=0 |
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|bar6-right=1 |
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|bar6-color = #D2691E |
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|bar7-from=1204 |
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|bar7-to=1206 |
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|bar7-text= |
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|bar7-left=0.95 |
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|bar7-right=1.05 |
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|bar7-color =red |
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|note1= {{small|'''1204:''' ]; many words influenced by the Arabic, Persian, and Turkic languages}} |
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|note1-at =1204 |
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}} |
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] is an Eastern ] language that originated from the Middle Indo-Aryan language in the 7th century. |
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] is an Eastern ] language that originated from the Middle Indo-Aryan language in the 7th century. |
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After the conquest of Nadia in 1204 AD, Islamic rule began in Bengal, which influenced the Bengali language.{{sfn|Shahidullah|1998|p=42}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Bengali literature |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/Bengali-literature |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=11 October 2024}}</ref> The middle or late 14th century is marked as the end of Old Bengal and the beginning of Middle Bengal. |
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After the conquest of Nadia in 1204 AD, Islamic rule began in Bengal, which influenced the Bengali language.{{sfn|Shahidullah|1998|p=42}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Bengali literature |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/Bengali-literature |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=19 December 2024}}</ref> The middle or late 14th century is marked as the end of Old Bengal and the beginning of Middle Bengal. |
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Modern Bengali dates back to 1800 AD. It marked the ], as well as incorporating borrowings from European languages. Significant changes in verbs and pronouns occurred during this period, which marked the contraction of most verbs and pronouns. |
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Modern Bengali dates back to 1800 AD. It marked the ], as well as incorporating borrowings from European languages. Significant changes in verbs and pronouns occurred during this period, which marked the contraction of most verbs and pronouns. |
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== Old Bengal == |
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== Old Bengal == |
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The people of Bengal initially spoke a Prakrit language, which was known as Magadhi, or on the contrary, ].<ref>"Within the Eastern Indic language family the history of the separation of Bangla from Odia, Assamese, and the languages of Bihar remains to be worked out carefully. Scholars do not yet agree on criteria for deciding if certain tenth century AD texts were in a Bangla already distinguishable from the other languages, or marked a stage at which Eastern Indic had not finished differentiating." {{harvcol|Dasgupta|2003|pp=386–387}}</ref>Later, it evolved into Old Bengali. Most Bengali-speaking people today consider Old Bengali to be almost unintelligible, although most of the words most commonly used in modern Bengali have their roots in Old Bengali. |
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The people of ancient Bengal initially spoke a Prakrit language, which was known as Magadhi, or on the contrary, ].<ref>"Within the Eastern Indic language family the history of the separation of Bangla from Odia, Assamese, and the languages of Bihar remains to be worked out carefully. Scholars do not yet agree on criteria for deciding if certain tenth century AD texts were in a Bangla already distinguishable from the other languages, or marked a stage at which Eastern Indic had not finished differentiating." {{harvcol|Dasgupta|2003|pp=386–387}}</ref> Later, it evolved into Old Bengali. Most Bengali-speaking people today consider ] to be intelligible to a certain extent, although most of the words most commonly used in modern Bengali have their roots in Old Bengali. |
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==References== |
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==References== |
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== Bibliography == |
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== Bibliography == |
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* {{Citation |
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|last=Dasgupta |
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|first=Probal |
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|editor-last=Cardona |
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|editor-first=George |
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|editor2-last=Jain |
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|editor2-first=Dhanesh |
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|contribution=Bangla |
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|title=The Indo-Aryan Languages |
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|year=2003 |
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|pages=386–428 |
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|publisher=Routledge |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Mukherji |first1=Tarapada |title=The old bengali language and text |date=1963 |publisher=Calcutta University Press |location=Calcutta (now ]) |url=https://ia803004.us.archive.org/32/items/oldbengalilanguageandtext/MUKHERJI%20The%20Old%20Bengali%20Language%20and%20Text.pdf |access-date=19 December 2024}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Shaw |first1=Dr. Rameswar |title=সাধারণ ভাষাবিজ্ঞান ও বাংলা ভাষা |date=21 February 1984 |publisher=Pustak Bipani |location=] |isbn=81-85471-12-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/sadharon-bhasabiggyan-o-bangla-bhasa |access-date=19 December 2024 |language=bn}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=Subhash |title=ভাষার তত্ত্ব ও বাংলা ভাষা |date=2012 |publisher=Bangiya Sahitya Samsad |location=] |isbn=978-93-82012-12-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.language.0018/page/n2/mode/1up |access-date=19 December 2024 |language=bn}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Chatterji |first1=Suniti Kumar |title=The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language |date=1926a |publisher=Calcutta University Press |location=Kolkata |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.70509/page/n355/mode/2up |access-date=19 December 2024 |volume=1 |language=English}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Chatterji |first1=Suniti Kumar |title=The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language |date=1926b |publisher=Calcutta University Press |location=Kolkata |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.42610/page/n5/mode/2up |access-date=19 December 2024 |volume=2 |language=English}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Shahidullah |first1=Dr. Muhammad |title=Bangla Vasar Itibritto |date=1998 |publisher=Mowla Brothers |location=Dhaka |url=https://archive.org/details/BanglaBanglaVasarItibrittoDr.MdShahidullah/page/n3/mode/1up |access-date=19 December 2024 |language=bn}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Shahidullah |first1=Dr. Muhammad |title=Bangla Vasar Itibritto |date=1998 |publisher=Mowla Brothers |location=Dhaka |url=https://archive.org/details/BanglaBanglaVasarItibrittoDr.MdShahidullah/page/n3/mode/1up |access-date=19 December 2024 |language=bn}} |
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{{Language histories}} |
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{{Language histories}} |
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] |
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] |
After the conquest of Nadia in 1204 AD, Islamic rule began in Bengal, which influenced the Bengali language. The middle or late 14th century is marked as the end of Old Bengal and the beginning of Middle Bengal.
The people of ancient Bengal initially spoke a Prakrit language, which was known as Magadhi, or on the contrary, Gaudi. Later, it evolved into Old Bengali. Most Bengali-speaking people today consider Old Bengali to be intelligible to a certain extent, although most of the words most commonly used in modern Bengali have their roots in Old Bengali.