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{{About year|1319}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
] (1316–1374)]]
{{Year dab|1319}}
{{One source|date=June 2018}}
{{Year nav|1319}} {{Year nav|1319}}
{{C14 year in topic}} {{C14 year in topic}}

] (1316–1374)]]
Year '''1319''' (''']''') was a ] (link will display the full calendar) of the ]. Year '''1319''' (''']''') was a ] of the ].


== Events == == Events ==
=== January – March ===
<onlyinclude>
* ] &ndash; The ] and the ] persuade ], ], to consecrate ] as the ].<ref>J. R. S. Phillips, ''Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, 1307-1324: Baronial Politics in the Reign of Edward II'' (Clarendon Press, 1972) p. 182</ref>
=== By place ===
* ] &ndash; A convocation at York is held by order of the ], ], after orders sent by him to the Bishops of Durham and of Carlisle on November 28, 1318 to bring all abbots, priors, archdeacons and convents in their jurisdiction to appear before him "in octabis Sancti Hilarii proxime futuris" (on the next octave of Saint Hillary).<ref>Gerald Lewis Bray, ed., ''Records of Convocation'' (Boydell Press,, 2006) pp. 15-18</ref>
* ] &ndash; (14 Dhu al-Hijjah 718 AH) ] and Sayf al-Din Bahadur al-Ibrahimi, both former ], are arrested by the incumbent Emir, Shams al-Din Aq Sunqur al-Nasiri and taken from Mecca to Cairo for imprisonment. Rumaythah is charged with having provided support to his brother, Humaydah ibn Abi Numayy and al-Ibrahimi is accused of allowing Humaydah to escape. Rumaythah is pardoned a month later after arriving in Cairo.
* ] &ndash; The ] (''Ordem Militar de Cristo'') is established in Portugal by ] after Pope John XXII issues the papal bull ''Ad ea ex quibus''. The new Order is the revival of former ] who had aided the Kingdom of Portugal in its post-war reconstruction.<ref>"Dinis, King of Portugal", by F. A. Dutra, in ''Medieval Iberia: An Encyclopedia'' (Routledge, 2003), p. 285</ref>


==== Europe ==== === April &ndash; June ===
* ] &ndash; ], in his capacity as King of Albania, gives the title of ] to his second eldest son Prince Philip II. Despite the mention of Romania, the despotate is a part of Albania, and the title gives rights of Philip II to ] in Greece.
* ] &ndash; Upon the death of his maternal grandfather, King ] ('''Magnusson'''), the three-year-old ] ('''Eriksson''') becomes king of ].<ref name=Carlquist>{{cite book |last1=Carlquist |first1=Erik |last2=Hogg |first2=Peter C. |last3=Österberg |first3=Eva |title=The Chronicle of Duke Erik: A Verse Epic from Medieval Sweden |date=2011 |publisher=Nordic Academic Press |isbn=9789185509577 |page=257 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2gIK29dXvMAC&pg=PA257|language=en}}</ref> * ] &ndash; ] of ] dies at the age of 49 with no sons, leaving the throne empty until the nobles can agree on his successor. Havtore Jonsson manages a guardianship government until the nobles choose ], son of Haakon's daughter Ingeborg.<ref name=Carlquist>{{cite book |last1=Carlquist |first1=Erik |last2=Hogg |first2=Peter C. |last3=Österberg |first3=Eva |title=The Chronicle of Duke Erik: A Verse Epic from Medieval Sweden |date=2011 |publisher=Nordic Academic Press |isbn=9789185509577 |page=257 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2gIK29dXvMAC&pg=PA257|language=en}}</ref>
* June &ndash; In preparation for a crusade, Infantes ] and ] summon their vassals to assemble an expeditionary army in ].<ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait'', p. 143. University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-2302-6}}.</ref>
* ] &ndash; Within the Mongol Empire, ] of the ] (the Mongol-controlled area of what is now Uzbekistan and Russia) fights a battle against the ] (the Mongol-controlled Middle East) in an attempt to expand the Golden Horde's territory, with a confrontation in Ilkhanate territory at ] (now in Iran).<ref>"Abu Sa'id and the revolt of the amirs in 1319", by Charles P. Melville, ''L'Iran Face a la Domination Mongole'' (, ed. by Denise Aigle (Institut Franqaise de recherche en Iran, 1997) pp. 89-120</ref> The troops of ] are supplemented with rebels led by an Ilkhanate prince, ]. The Ilkhan Sultan, ] and his general, ], lead the defenders to victory and take many of the rebel officers prisoner. Afterward, 36 emirs and seven viceroys are executed for treason, including ] of Georgia and ] of Anatolia.
* ] &ndash; ]: Castilian forces (some 12,000 men) led by Peter of Castile are defeated by a Moorish relief army at ].<ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait'', pp. 144–145. University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-2302-6}}.</ref>
* ] &ndash; ]: Castilian forces of 12,000 troops, led by the regents ] and ] are defeated by a Moorish relief army at ] during their attempt . Both regents are killed in the fighting. Pedro and Juan had summoned their Catilian vassals to assemble an expeditionary army in ], as part of an attempt to restore the deposed Sultan Nasr to the Granadan throne.<ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait'', p. 143. University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-2302-6}}.</ref>
* ] &ndash; Magnus IV is elected king of ], thus establishing a union with Norway.<ref name=Carlquist/> His mother ] is given a place in the regency.
* ] &ndash; ]: A ]-Genoese fleet (some 30 ships) led by ] defeats a Turkish fleet, off ] (or '''Scio''').
* Summer &ndash; King ] ('''the Poet King''') founds the ] reconstituted in ]. Former ] are enlisted in the order.
* ] &ndash; Prince ] renounces his right to inherit the ], and his marriage to the 12-year-old ].


==== England ==== === July &ndash; September ===
* ] &ndash; ] is elected King of Sweden.<ref name=Carlquist/> His mother ] is given a place in the regency.
* ] &ndash; ]: Scottish forces (some 15,000 men) led by ] ('''the Black''') defeat an English army in an encounter known as the '''Chapter of Myton''' because of the large number of clergymen involved. After the battle, King ] is forced to raise the siege at ] and retreats south of the ], allowing the Scots to ravage ] and ] unmolested. Queen ], who is in ] at this time, manages to escape to safety at ].<ref>Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey: ''Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory'', p. 88. {{ISBN|1-85532-609-4}}.</ref>
* ] &ndash; ]: The taking of testimony from more than 40 witnesses is started by Bishop Uberto d'Ormont of Naples, Bishop Angelo Tignosi of Viterbo, and notary Pandulpho de Sabbello, and will continue until September 18.<ref name=Gerulaitis>"The Canonization of Saint Thomas Aquinas", by Leonardas Gerulaitis, ''Vivarium'' 5:25–46 (1967)</ref>
* December &ndash; Edward II negotiates a two-year truce with King ] ('''the Bruce'''), but a long-term peace is still far off because of Edward's arrogant refusal to relinquish his claims of sovereignty over the Scots.<ref>Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey: ''Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory'', p. 88. {{ISBN|1-85532-609-4}}.</ref>
* ] &ndash; ]: A ]-] fleet (some 30 ships) led by ] defeats a Turkish fleet, off ].
* ] &ndash; The Duchy of Bavaria, split between two brothers since 1294, is reunited upon the death of ], Duke of Upper Bavaria. ], ] and Duke of Lower Bavaria. In 1328, Ludwig will later be elected the ] as Louis IV.
* ] &ndash; At the age of 11, ] becomes the ] in Germany upon the death of his first cousin and guardian, ]. Because of Henry's age, the Duke of Pomerania, ] controls as Brandenburg as regent. Upon Henry II's death 11 months later, the ]'s dynasty over Brandenburg will come to an end.
* ] &ndash; ], grandson of the recently-deceased King Haakon V and already proclaimed King of Sweden, is recognized by the ] as King Magnus VII of Norway, thus establishing a ] with ] and ].
* ] &ndash; As a reward for his victory at the Battle of Mianeh, General Chupan of the Ilkhanate is allowed to marry ], the sister of the Ilkhanate Sultan Abu Sa'id.<ref>"ČOBĀN", by Charles Melville, ''Encyclopedia Iranica'' (1992)</ref>
* ] &ndash; ] issues the ] "Imminente Nobis", declaring that the Pope has the right of appointment to all clerical offices (archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors and collegiate and monasterial leaders) in the Roman Catholic Church, ending the right of the individual chapters to elect their own leaders.<ref>Guillaume Mollat, ''Les papes d'Avignon'' ("The Popes of Avignon") (Victor Lecoffre 1912), pp. 386-399</ref>
* ] &ndash; ]: Scottish forces (some 15,000 men) led by ], Lord Douglas, defeat an English army in an encounter known as the "Chapter of Myton" because of the large number of clergymen involved. ], writes 460 years later, "The English were instantly routed. Three thousand were left dead on the field, and great part of fugitives drowned in ]. In this action there fell three thousand ecclesiastics, According to the savage peasantry of those times, this rout was termed by the Scots, the ''Chapter of Mitton''."<ref name=Dalrymple>Sir David Dalrymple, ''Annals of Scotland from the Accession of Robert I'', Volume 2 (Balfour and Shellie, 1779) pp. 91-92</ref> After the battle, King ] is forced to raise the siege at ] and retreats south of the ], allowing the Scots to ravage ] and ] unmolested. Queen ], who is in ] at this time, manages to escape to safety at ].<ref name="Armstrong, Pete 2002 p. 88">Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey: ''Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory'', p. 88. {{ISBN|1-85532-609-4}}.</ref>


=== By topic === === October &ndash; December ===
* ] &ndash; Prince ] marries the 12-year-old Princess ] at Gandesa, but announces at the conclusion of the mass that "his decision was to never rule" the ] as a sovereign or even to remain in secular life, but to instead enter a monastery to pursue a life "under a religious rule."<ref>Paulette Lynn Pepin,''María de Molina, Queen and Regent: Life and Rule in Castile-León, 1259–1321'' (Lexington Books, 2016) p.124</ref> ] informs Leonor's grandmother (Queen Maria de Molina) of the situation on October 22, and Queen Maria demands the return of Leonor immediately. Having renounced his royal rights, Prince Jaime finds afterward that he will not be allowed to enter a monastery either.
* ] &ndash; (Gen'ō 1, 15th day of 9th month) Nichiin of Japan's ] sect refutes all other sects of Buddhism during an interrogation by the ], permitting the sect to continue.
* ] &ndash; King ] dies after a 33-year reign at ], leaving a vacancy that will not be filled until the January election of his brother ]. During his rule, he attempts to control the routes of the ]. The Hanse, an association of Baltic merchants, expels the English and Scots, and gains a monopoly of trade with Norway.<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 157. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
* ] &ndash; Representatives of England's King Edward II and Scotland's King ] sign a two-year truce.<ref name=Dalrymple/> Hostilities are to cease until Christmas Day, 1321, with the Scots to build no new castles in the sheriffdoms of Berwick , Roxburgh, and Dumfries, and the English were to either transfer the Harbottle garrison in Northumberland to Scotland, or to destroy it.<ref>J. R. S. Phillips, ''Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke 1307-1324: Baronial Politics in the Reign of Edward II'' (Oxford University Press, 2018) p.187</ref> A long-term peace is still far off because of Edward's arrogant refusal to relinquish his claims of sovereignty over the Scots.<ref name="Armstrong, Pete 2002 p. 88"/>


==== Commerce ====
* ] &ndash; King ] dies after a 33-year reign at ]. During his rule, he attempts to control the routes of the ]. The Hanse, an association of Baltic merchants, expels the English and Scots, and gains a monopoly of trade with Norway.<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 157. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
</onlyinclude>
== Births == == Births ==
* ] &ndash; ], English ] (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], English ] (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ] ('''the Good'''), king of ] (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], king of ] (d. ])
* ] &ndash; ], king of ] (d. ]) * ] &ndash; ], king of ] (d. ])
* ''date unknown'' * ''date unknown''
** ], Albanian nobleman (d. ]) ** ], Albanian nobleman (d. ])
** ], French nobleman (d. ]) ** ], French nobleman (d. 1364)
** ], Italian nun, friar and saint (d. ])
** ], Mongol nobleman and prince (d. ]) ** ], Mongol nobleman and prince (d. ])
** ], Persian mystic and philosopher (d. ]) ** ], Persian mystic and philosopher (d. ])
Line 42: Line 50:
** ], Breton noblewoman (d. ]) ** ], Breton noblewoman (d. ])
** ], Japanese general (d. ]) ** ], Japanese general (d. ])
** ], doge of ] (d. 1384)
** ], Spanish noblewoman (d. ]) ** ], Spanish noblewoman (d. ])
** ], Swedish noblewoman (d. ]) ** ], Swedish noblewoman (d. ])
** ], German nobleman and knight (d. 1375) ** ], Italian nobleman and co-ruler (d. ])
** ], French nobleman and knight (d. ])
** ], English knight and politician (d. ])
** ], German nobleman and co-ruler (d. 1375)
** ], English nobleman and knight (d. 1375)
** ], English nobleman and knight (d. ]) ** ], English nobleman and knight (d. ])


== Deaths == == Deaths ==
* ] &ndash; ], Persian scientist (b. ]) * ] &ndash; ], Persian scientist (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ] ('''Magnusson'''), king of ] (b. ])<ref>Helle, Knut (1964). ''Norge blir en stat, 1130–1319'', Universitetsforlaget. {{ISBN|82-00-01323-5}}.</ref> * ] &ndash; ], king of ] (b. ])<ref>Helle, Knut (1964). ''Norge blir en stat, 1130–1319'', Universitetsforlaget. {{ISBN|82-00-01323-5}}.</ref>
* ] &ndash; ], son of ] ('''the Bold''') (b. ]) * ] &ndash; ], son of ] (b. ])
* ] – (]) * ] – (])
** ], Spanish nobleman and prince (b. ]) ** ], Spanish nobleman and prince (b. ])
Line 63: Line 76:
* ] &ndash; ], Korean Grand Princess and queen<ref>Lee, Lily; Wiles, Sue eds. (2015). ''Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women'', p. 609. Vol. II. Routledge. {{ISBN|978-1-317-51562-3}}.</ref> * ] &ndash; ], Korean Grand Princess and queen<ref>Lee, Lily; Wiles, Sue eds. (2015). ''Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women'', p. 609. Vol. II. Routledge. {{ISBN|978-1-317-51562-3}}.</ref>
* ] &ndash; ], queen of ]<ref>Stanisław A. Sroka (1999). ''Genealogia Andegawenów węgierskich'', pp. 14–16 Kraków.</ref> * ] &ndash; ], queen of ]<ref>Stanisław A. Sroka (1999). ''Genealogia Andegawenów węgierskich'', pp. 14–16 Kraków.</ref>
* ] &ndash; ] ('''Menved'''), king of ] (b. 1274) * ] &ndash; ], king of ] (b. 1274)
* ] &ndash; ], Italian ] (b. ]) * ] &ndash; ], Italian ] (b. ])
* ''date unknown'' * ''date unknown''
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== References == == References ==
{{Reflist}} {{reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:1319}} {{DEFAULTSORT:1319}}

Latest revision as of 13:00, 3 January 2025

Seal of King Magnus Eriksson (1316–1374)
Calendar year
Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1319 by topic
Leaders
Birth and death categories
BirthsDeaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
EstablishmentsDisestablishments
Art and literature
1319 in poetry
1319 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1319
MCCCXIX
Ab urbe condita2072
Armenian calendar768
ԹՎ ՉԿԸ
Assyrian calendar6069
Balinese saka calendar1240–1241
Bengali calendar725–726
Berber calendar2269
English Regnal year12 Edw. 2 – 13 Edw. 2
Buddhist calendar1863
Burmese calendar681
Byzantine calendar6827–6828
Chinese calendar戊午年 (Earth Horse)
4016 or 3809
    — to —
己未年 (Earth Goat)
4017 or 3810
Coptic calendar1035–1036
Discordian calendar2485
Ethiopian calendar1311–1312
Hebrew calendar5079–5080
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1375–1376
 - Shaka Samvat1240–1241
 - Kali Yuga4419–4420
Holocene calendar11319
Igbo calendar319–320
Iranian calendar697–698
Islamic calendar718–719
Japanese calendarBunpō 3 / Gen'ō 1
(元応元年)
Javanese calendar1230–1231
Julian calendar1319
MCCCXIX
Korean calendar3652
Minguo calendar593 before ROC
民前593年
Nanakshahi calendar−149
Thai solar calendar1861–1862
Tibetan calendar阳土马年
(male Earth-Horse)
1445 or 1064 or 292
    — to —
阴土羊年
(female Earth-Goat)
1446 or 1065 or 293

Year 1319 (MCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January – March

April – June

  • April 19Philip I, Prince of Taranto, in his capacity as King of Albania, gives the title of Philip, Despot of Romania to his second eldest son Prince Philip II. Despite the mention of Romania, the despotate is a part of Albania, and the title gives rights of Philip II to Epirus in Greece.
  • May 8King Haakon V Magnusson of Norway dies at the age of 49 with no sons, leaving the throne empty until the nobles can agree on his successor. Havtore Jonsson manages a guardianship government until the nobles choose Magnus VII Eriksson, son of Haakon's daughter Ingeborg.
  • June 20 – Within the Mongol Empire, Özbeg Khan of the Golden Horde (the Mongol-controlled area of what is now Uzbekistan and Russia) fights a battle against the Ilkhanate (the Mongol-controlled Middle East) in an attempt to expand the Golden Horde's territory, with a confrontation in Ilkhanate territory at Mianeh (now in Iran). The troops of Özbeg Khan are supplemented with rebels led by an Ilkhanate prince, Yasa'ur. The Ilkhan Sultan, Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan and his general, Amir Chupan, lead the defenders to victory and take many of the rebel officers prisoner. Afterward, 36 emirs and seven viceroys are executed for treason, including Qurumushi of Georgia and Irinjin of Anatolia.
  • June 25Battle of the Vega of Granada: Castilian forces of 12,000 troops, led by the regents Don Pedro of Castile and Don Juan of Castile are defeated by a Moorish relief army at Granada during their attempt . Both regents are killed in the fighting. Pedro and Juan had summoned their Catilian vassals to assemble an expeditionary army in Córdoba, as part of an attempt to restore the deposed Sultan Nasr to the Granadan throne.

July – September

October – December

  • October 17 – Prince Jaime of Aragon marries the 12-year-old Princess Leonor of Castile at Gandesa, but announces at the conclusion of the mass that "his decision was to never rule" the Kingdom of Aragon as a sovereign or even to remain in secular life, but to instead enter a monastery to pursue a life "under a religious rule." King Jaime II informs Leonor's grandmother (Queen Maria de Molina) of the situation on October 22, and Queen Maria demands the return of Leonor immediately. Having renounced his royal rights, Prince Jaime finds afterward that he will not be allowed to enter a monastery either.
  • October 29 – (Gen'ō 1, 15th day of 9th month) Nichiin of Japan's Daimoku sect refutes all other sects of Buddhism during an interrogation by the Kamakura shogunate, permitting the sect to continue.
  • November 13 – King Eric VI of Denmark dies after a 33-year reign at Roskilde, leaving a vacancy that will not be filled until the January election of his brother Christopher II. During his rule, he attempts to control the routes of the Hanseatic League. The Hanse, an association of Baltic merchants, expels the English and Scots, and gains a monopoly of trade with Norway.
  • December 21 – Representatives of England's King Edward II and Scotland's King Robert the Bruce sign a two-year truce. Hostilities are to cease until Christmas Day, 1321, with the Scots to build no new castles in the sheriffdoms of Berwick , Roxburgh, and Dumfries, and the English were to either transfer the Harbottle garrison in Northumberland to Scotland, or to destroy it. A long-term peace is still far off because of Edward's arrogant refusal to relinquish his claims of sovereignty over the Scots.

Births

Deaths

References

  1. J. R. S. Phillips, Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, 1307-1324: Baronial Politics in the Reign of Edward II (Clarendon Press, 1972) p. 182
  2. Gerald Lewis Bray, ed., Records of Convocation (Boydell Press,, 2006) pp. 15-18
  3. "Dinis, King of Portugal", by F. A. Dutra, in Medieval Iberia: An Encyclopedia (Routledge, 2003), p. 285
  4. ^ Carlquist, Erik; Hogg, Peter C.; Österberg, Eva (2011). The Chronicle of Duke Erik: A Verse Epic from Medieval Sweden. Nordic Academic Press. p. 257. ISBN 9789185509577.
  5. "Abu Sa'id and the revolt of the amirs in 1319", by Charles P. Melville, L'Iran Face a la Domination Mongole (, ed. by Denise Aigle (Institut Franqaise de recherche en Iran, 1997) pp. 89-120
  6. Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait, p. 143. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-2302-6.
  7. "The Canonization of Saint Thomas Aquinas", by Leonardas Gerulaitis, Vivarium 5:25–46 (1967)
  8. "ČOBĀN", by Charles Melville, Encyclopedia Iranica (1992)
  9. Guillaume Mollat, Les papes d'Avignon ("The Popes of Avignon") (Victor Lecoffre 1912), pp. 386-399
  10. ^ Sir David Dalrymple, Annals of Scotland from the Accession of Robert I, Volume 2 (Balfour and Shellie, 1779) pp. 91-92
  11. ^ Armstrong, Pete (2002). Osprey: Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory, p. 88. ISBN 1-85532-609-4.
  12. Paulette Lynn Pepin,María de Molina, Queen and Regent: Life and Rule in Castile-León, 1259–1321 (Lexington Books, 2016) p.124
  13. Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 157. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  14. J. R. S. Phillips, Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke 1307-1324: Baronial Politics in the Reign of Edward II (Oxford University Press, 2018) p.187
  15. Helle, Knut (1964). Norge blir en stat, 1130–1319, Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 82-00-01323-5.
  16. Kurt Engelbert (1969). Heinrich I. v. Würben in the New German Biography (NDB), p. 354. Vol 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin. ISBN 3-428-00189-3.
  17. Cokayne, George Edward (1936). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden, p. 80. Vol. IX. London: St. Catherine Press.
  18. Armstrong, Edward (1932). "Italy in the Time of Dante". In Gwatkin: Henry Melvill; Whitney, James Pounder; Tanner, Joseph Robson; Previté-Orton, Charles William; Brooke, Zachary Nugent (eds.). The Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. 7: Decline of Empire and Papacy. Cambridge University Press.
  19. Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology, p. 86 (Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
  20. Lee, Lily; Wiles, Sue eds. (2015). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, p. 609. Vol. II. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-51562-3.
  21. Stanisław A. Sroka (1999). Genealogia Andegawenów węgierskich, pp. 14–16 Kraków.
  22. Dunbabin, Jean (2000). France in the making, 843–1180, pp. 87–88. Oxford University Press.
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