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{{short description|Pragmatic-centrist political party in Iran}}
{{Infobox Political Party {{Infobox Political Party
| native_name = حزب اعتدال و توسعه
⚫ |colorcode = #B666D2
| native_name_lang = fa
⚫ |name = Moderation and Development Party
⚫ | colorcode = #984B9E
⚫ |logo = ]
⚫ | name = Moderation and Development Party
⚫ |leader = ]<ref name="m">{{citation|url=http://al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/07/rise-iranian-moderates.html|title=The Rise of the Iranian Moderates|date=5 July 2013|access-date=7 December 2016|work=Al-Monitor|author=Seyed Hossein Mousavian}}</ref>
⚫ | logo = Logo of MDP.png
|spokesperson = Gholamali Dehghan<ref name="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">{{cite web|url=http://www.rferl.org/a/1342675.html|title=Iran Report|date=16 February 2004|volume=7|number=7|work=]|accessdate=10 March 2017}}</ref>
| logo_size = 200px
|secretary_general = ]<ref name="IR">{{cite web|first=Mohamamd Hassan|last=Khani|url=http://www.iranreview.org/content/Iran_Spectrum/Political-Parties-in-the-Islamic-Republic-of-Iran-A-Short-Review.htm|title=Political Parties in the Islamic Republic of Iran|publisher=Iran Review|accessdate=1 April 2016|date=17 July 2012}}</ref>
⚫ | leader = ]<ref name="m">{{citation|url=http://al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/07/rise-iranian-moderates.html|title=The Rise of the Iranian Moderates|date=5 July 2013|access-date=7 December 2016|work=Al-Monitor|author=Seyed Hossein Mousavian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117092837/https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/07/rise-iranian-moderates.html|archive-date=17 November 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
⚫ |foundation = {{start date and age|1999}}<ref name="m"/>
| spokesperson = Ramezan-Ali Sobhanifar<ref>{{cite news|title="جنتی" معاون کانون‌ها و "سبحانی‌فر" سخنگوی اعتدال و توسعه شدند|url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1396/04/06/1447334/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%88-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%81%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%AE%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%88-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%87-%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF|access-date=12 September 2017|agency=]|date=27 June 2017|language=fa}}</ref>
⚫ | leader1_title = Executive Secretary
| leader1_name = ]<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/briefs/iran-news-round-up/iran-news-round-up-december-8-2015-1|title=Iran News Round Up|date=8 December 2015|access-date=7 April 2017|work=Critical Threats Project}}</ref> | secretary_general = ]<ref name="IR">{{cite web|first=Mohamamd Hassan|last=Khani|url=http://www.iranreview.org/content/Iran_Spectrum/Political-Parties-in-the-Islamic-Republic-of-Iran-A-Short-Review.htm|title=Political Parties in the Islamic Republic of Iran|publisher=Iran Review|access-date=1 April 2016|date=17 July 2012}}</ref>
⚫ | foundation = {{start date and age|1999|11}}<ref name="m"/>
⚫ | leader2_title = Politburo Head
⚫ | leader1_title = Executive Secretary
⚫ | leader2_name = ]
| leader1_name = ]<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.criticalthreats.org/briefs/iran-news-round-up/iran-news-round-up-december-8-2015-1|title=Iran News Round Up|date=8 December 2015|access-date=7 April 2017|work=Critical Threats Project}}</ref>
⚫ | leader3_title = Election Head
⚫ | leader2_title = Politburo Head
⚫ | leader3_name = ]<ref>{{cite|url=https://iranwire.com/en/features/4543|title=Iran's Presidential Election: Who are the Candidates?|work=Iran Wire|date=13 April 2017|access-date=21 April 2017}}</ref>
⚫ | leader2_name = ]
⚫ |dissolution =
⚫ | leader3_title = Election Head
⚫ |headquarters = ], ]
⚫ | leader3_name = ]<ref>{{citation|url=https://iranwire.com/en/features/4543|title=Iran's Presidential Election: Who are the Candidates?|work=Iran Wire|date=13 April 2017|access-date=21 April 2017}}</ref>
⚫ |ideology = ]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>]
⚫ | dissolution =
⚫ |position = ]<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-17141030|title=Guide: Iranian parliamentary elections|date=|work=]|accessdate=March 10, 2015}}</ref>
⚫ | headquarters = ], ]
⚫ | ideology = ]<br />]<br />]<br />]
⚫ | position = ]<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-17141030|title=Guide: Iranian parliamentary elections|work=]|access-date=March 10, 2015}}</ref>
| affiliation1_title = Alliance | affiliation1_title = Alliance
| affiliation1 = {{plainlist| | affiliation1 = {{plainlist|
*] (2008) *] (2008)
*] (2016) *] (2016)
*] (2020)
}} }}
| website = {{url|https://www.hezbet.ir}}
|country = Iran | country = Iran
}} }}
'''Moderation and Development Party''' ({{lang-fa|حزب اعتدال و توسعه|Hezb-e E'tedāl va Towse'eh}}) is a ] in ]. It is a pragmatic-centrist political party which held its first congress in 2002.<ref name="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty"/> '''Moderation and Development Party''' ({{langx|fa|حزب اعتدال و توسعه|Hezb-e E'tedāl va Towse'eh}}) is a ] in ]. It is a pragmatic-centrist political party which held its first congress in 2002.<ref name="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">{{cite web|url=http://www.rferl.org/a/1342675.html|title=Iran Report|date=16 February 2004|volume=7|number=7|work=]|access-date=10 March 2017}}</ref>


==Platform== ==Platform==
The party is part of the faction called "modernist right", "moderate reformists" and "technocrats" that draws from upper-level bureaucrats, industrialists and managers.<ref name="MW">{{cite book|author1=Rabasa, Angel |author2=Waxman, Matthew |author3=Larson, Eric V. |author4=Marcum, Cheryl Y.|title=The Muslim World After 9/11|date=2004|publisher=Rand Corporation|page=221|isbn=9780833037558}}</ref> It is classified as "republican right", which deals with a platform on modernization and economic growth rather than social justice, along with the ] and the ].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Mohseni, Payam|editor1=Brumberg, Daniel |editor2=Farhi, Farideh |title=Power and Change in Iran: Politics of Contention and Conciliation|chapter=Factionalism, Privatization, and the Political economy of regime transformation|date=2016|publisher=Indiana University Press|series=Indiana Series in Middle East Studies|page=44}}</ref> The party is part of the faction called "modernist right", "moderate reformists" and "technocrats" that draws from upper-level bureaucrats, industrialists and managers.<ref name="MW">{{cite book|author1=Rabasa, Angel |author2=Waxman, Matthew |author3=Larson, Eric V. |author4=Marcum, Cheryl Y.|title=The Muslim World After 9/11|date=2004|publisher=Rand Corporation|page=221|isbn=9780833037558}}</ref> It deals with a platform on modernization and economic growth rather than social justice, along with the ] and the ].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Mohseni, Payam|editor1=Brumberg, Daniel |editor2=Farhi, Farideh |title=Power and Change in Iran: Politics of Contention and Conciliation|chapter=Factionalism, Privatization, and the Political economy of regime transformation|date=2016|publisher=Indiana University Press|series=Indiana Series in Middle East Studies|page=44}}</ref>
The party has been allied with ]<ref name="BBC"/> and ]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-election-parliament-factbox-idUSKCN0VR0QI|title= Factbox: Parties and politics in Iran's parliamentary election|date=18 February 2016|website=]|access-date=27 February 2017|author=Parisa Hafezi|editor=Dominic Evans}}</ref> in parliamentary elections and has had good relations with both ]’s ] and ].<ref name="IR"/> In April 2017, the party joined the supreme policymaking council of ].<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/412498/Moderation-party-joins-reformist-policy-making-council|title=Moderation party joins reformist policy-making council|work=]|date=10 April 2017|access-date=14 April 2017}}</ref> The party has been allied with ]<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-17141030|title=Guide: Iranian parliamentary elections|work=]|access-date=March 10, 2015}}</ref> and ]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-election-parliament-factbox-idUSKCN0VR0QI|title= Factbox: Parties and politics in Iran's parliamentary election|date=18 February 2016|website=]|access-date=27 February 2017|author=Parisa Hafezi|editor=Dominic Evans}}</ref> in parliamentary elections and has had good relations with both ]’s ] and ].<ref name="IR"/> In April 2017, the party joined the supreme policymaking council of ].<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/412498/Moderation-party-joins-reformist-policy-making-council|title=Moderation party joins reformist policy-making council|work=]|date=10 April 2017|access-date=14 April 2017}}</ref>


Some sources branded them as part of the ] in the 2000s<ref>{{cite journal|title=Elections and Governmental Structure in Iran: Reform Lurks Under the Flaws|url=https://www.brown.edu/initiatives/journal-world-affairs/sites/brown.edu.initiatives.journal-world-affairs/files/private/articles/11.1_Beeman.pdf|first=William O.|last=Beeman|journal=]|volume=XI|issue=1|year=Summer 2004|pages=55–67}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3441601.stm|title=How Iran votes|date=3 February 2004|work=]|accessdate=27 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The Eighth Majles Elections in the Islamic Republic of Iran: A Division in Conservative Ranks and the Politics of Moderation|author=Kaveh-Cyrus Sanandaji|journal=Iranian Studies|volume=42|number=4|publisher=Routledge|year=2009|pages=621–648|doi=10.1080/00210860903106345}}</ref> or ]s under the leadership of ].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Transformation of the Iranian political system: Towards a new model?|url=http://www.sssup.it/UploadDocs/4568_11__Iranian_Political_System_Towards_a_New_Model_Middle_East_Review_of_International_Affairs_10.pdf|first=Bulent |last=Aras|journal=]|volume=5|number=3|year=September 2001}}</ref> In 2003, the party's spokesperson wrote in '']'' that the party regards itself among "true reformists", who are idealists considering "social realities" interpretated with the "principle of moderation".<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.hamshahrionline.ir/hamnews/1381/811224/world/_intep.htm|title=In the Gap between the Two Wings|language=Persian|number=3005|page=Politics|date=15 March 2003|accessdate=1 June 2017|work=]}}</ref> Some sources branded them as part of the ] in the 2000s<ref>{{cite journal|title=Elections and Governmental Structure in Iran: Reform Lurks Under the Flaws|url=https://www.brown.edu/initiatives/journal-world-affairs/sites/brown.edu.initiatives.journal-world-affairs/files/private/articles/11.1_Beeman.pdf|first=William O.|last=Beeman|journal=]|volume=XI|issue=1|date=Summer 2004|pages=55–67}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3441601.stm|title=How Iran votes|date=3 February 2004|work=]|access-date=27 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The Eighth Majles Elections in the Islamic Republic of Iran: A Division in Conservative Ranks and the Politics of Moderation|author=Kaveh-Cyrus Sanandaji|journal=Iranian Studies|volume=42|number=4|publisher=Routledge|year=2009|pages=621–648|doi=10.1080/00210860903106345|s2cid=153397356}}</ref> or ]s under the leadership of ].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Transformation of the Iranian political system: Towards a new model?|url=http://www.sssup.it/UploadDocs/4568_11__Iranian_Political_System_Towards_a_New_Model_Middle_East_Review_of_International_Affairs_10.pdf|first=Bulent |last=Aras|journal=]|volume=5|number=3|date=September 2001}}</ref> In 2003, the party's spokesperson wrote in '']'' that the party regards itself among "true reformists", who are idealists considering "social realities" interpreted with the "principle of moderation".<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.hamshahrionline.ir/hamnews/1381/811224/world/_intep.htm|title=In the Gap between the Two Wings|language=fa|number=3005|page=Politics|date=15 March 2003|access-date=1 June 2017|work=]}}</ref>

⚫ According to ], the party prioritizes economic expansion and follows ] policies, however a minority faction represented by members such as ], advocate ] and maintain that the government should interfere to regulate markets to a limited extent.<ref name="A"/> They support limited political and cultural transformations, and believe political activism should only be within the frameworks of ]. The party also embraces '']''.<ref name="A">{{citation|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/04/rouhani-moderates-internal-rivalryy-iran-administration.html|title=Internal rivalries hinder Rouhani's reform efforts|date=8 April 2014|access-date=11 December 2016|work=Al-Monitor|author=Ali Afshari}}</ref>


⚫ According to ], the party prioritizes economic expansion and follows ] policies, however a minority faction represented by members such as ], advocate ] and maintain that government should interference to regulatie the market it to a limited extent.<ref name="A"/> They support limited political and cultural transformations, and believe political activism should only be within the frameworks of ]. The party also embraces '']''.<ref name="A">{{citation|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/04/rouhani-moderates-internal-rivalryy-iran-administration.html|title=Internal rivalries hinder Rouhani's reform efforts|date=8 April 2014|access-date=11 December 2016|work=Al-Monitor|author=Ali Afshari}}</ref>
==Presidential candidates== ==Presidential candidates==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 85%;"
|- style="background:#e9e9e9;"
! Year ! Year
! Candidate ! Candidate
|- |-
|]||] |]||]
|- |-
|]||]<ref>{{citation|url=http://en.mehrnews.com/news/29889/Moderation-and-Development-Party-backs-Rowhani-for-president|title=Moderation and Development Party backs Rowhani for president|date=14 September 2008|access-date=24 November 2016|work=]}}</ref> |]||]<ref>{{citation|url=http://en.mehrnews.com/news/29889/Moderation-and-Development-Party-backs-Rowhani-for-president|title=Moderation and Development Party backs Rowhani for president|date=14 September 2008|access-date=24 November 2016|work=]}}</ref>
|- |-
|]||]<ref>{{citation|url=http://en.mehrnews.com/news/34017/Party-leader-wants-debates-among-candidates-representatives|title=Party leader wants debates among candidates' representatives|date=30 May 2009|access-date=24 November 2016|work=]}}</ref> |]||]<ref>{{citation|url=http://en.mehrnews.com/news/34017/Party-leader-wants-debates-among-candidates-representatives|title=Party leader wants debates among candidates' representatives|date=30 May 2009|access-date=24 November 2016|work=]}}</ref>
|- |-
|]||]<ref name="m"/> |]||]<ref name="m"/>
|- |-
|]||]<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/410018/Moderation-and-Development-Party-to-back-Rouhani|title=Moderation and Development Party to back Rouhani|work=]|date=14 January 2017|access-date=14 January 2017}}</ref> |]||]<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/410018/Moderation-and-Development-Party-to-back-Rouhani|title=Moderation and Development Party to back Rouhani|work=]|date=14 January 2017|access-date=14 January 2017}}</ref>
|-
|]
|]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Behnegarsoft.com |date=2024-06-10 |title=حزب اعتدال و توسعه - بیانیه انتخاباتی حزب اعتدال و توسعه در حمایت از دکتر مسعود پزشکیان ، نامزد انتخابات ریاست جمهوری 1403 |url=https://www.hezbet.ir/fa/doc/news/227/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%87-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF-%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C-1403 |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=حزب اعتدال و توسعه |language=fa}}</ref>
|} |}

==Members== ==Members==
=== Current officeholders === === Current officeholders ===
{{incomplete list|date=August 2016}} {{expand list|date=August 2016}}
;Cabinet ;Cabinet
* ], President of Iran * ], President of Iran
⚫ * ], Chief of Staff
* ], Vice President for Strategy * ], Vice President for Strategy
⚫ * ], Minister of Communication
* ], Minister of Culture
* ], Minister of Industry
* ], Minister of Sports * ], Minister of Sports
;Parliament ;Parliament
* ] (Shiraz) * ] (])
* ] (Tabriz, Osku and Azarshahr) * ] (])
* ] (Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr) * ] (])
* ] (Sabzevar, Joghatai and Joveyn) * ] (])
* ] (Urmia) * ] (])
* ] (Kangan, Jam, Dayyer and Asaluyeh) * ] (])
* ] (Piranshahr and Sardasht) * ] (])
* ] (Dehloran, Darreshahr and Abdanan) * ] (])

==See also==
* ]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist|2}} {{Reflist|2}}
{{Iranian political parties}} {{Iranian political parties}}

] ]
] ]
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] ]
] ]
]
{{iran-party-stub}}

Latest revision as of 22:16, 7 January 2025

Pragmatic-centrist political party in Iran
Moderation and Development Party حزب اعتدال و توسعه
LeaderHassan Rouhani
Secretary-GeneralMohammad Bagher Nobakht
SpokespersonRamezan-Ali Sobhanifar
Executive SecretaryMorteza Bank
Politburo HeadMahmoud Vaezi
Election HeadAli Jannati
FoundedNovember 1999; 25 years ago (1999-11)
HeadquartersTehran, Iran
IdeologyModeration
Pragmatism
Islamic democracy
Technocracy
Political positionCentre
Alliance
Website
www.hezbet.ir

Moderation and Development Party (Persian: حزب اعتدال و توسعه, romanized: Hezb-e E'tedāl va Towse'eh) is a political party in Iran. It is a pragmatic-centrist political party which held its first congress in 2002.

Platform

The party is part of the faction called "modernist right", "moderate reformists" and "technocrats" that draws from upper-level bureaucrats, industrialists and managers. It deals with a platform on modernization and economic growth rather than social justice, along with the Executives of Construction Party and the Islamic Labour Party. The party has been allied with Popular Coalition of Reforms and Pervasive Coalition of Reformists in parliamentary elections and has had good relations with both Mohammad Khatami’s reform program and Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. In April 2017, the party joined the supreme policymaking council of reformists.

Some sources branded them as part of the conservative camp in the 2000s or reformists under the leadership of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. In 2003, the party's spokesperson wrote in Hamshahri that the party regards itself among "true reformists", who are idealists considering "social realities" interpreted with the "principle of moderation".

According to Ali Afshari, the party prioritizes economic expansion and follows free market policies, however a minority faction represented by members such as Nobakht, advocate institutionalized economy and maintain that the government should interfere to regulate markets to a limited extent. They support limited political and cultural transformations, and believe political activism should only be within the frameworks of the constitution. The party also embraces Velayat Faqih.

Presidential candidates

Year Candidate
2001 Mohammad Khatami
2005 Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
2009 Mir-Hossein Mousavi
2013 Hassan Rouhani
2017 Hassan Rouhani
2024 Masoud Pezeshkian

Members

Current officeholders

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (August 2016)
Cabinet
Parliament

See also

References

  1. ^ Seyed Hossein Mousavian (5 July 2013), "The Rise of the Iranian Moderates", Al-Monitor, archived from the original on 17 November 2019, retrieved 7 December 2016
  2. ^ Khani, Mohamamd Hassan (17 July 2012). "Political Parties in the Islamic Republic of Iran". Iran Review. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  3. ""جنتی" معاون کانون‌ها و "سبحانی‌فر" سخنگوی اعتدال و توسعه شدند" (in Persian). Tasnim News Agency. 27 June 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  4. "Iran News Round Up", Critical Threats Project, 8 December 2015, retrieved 7 April 2017
  5. "Iran's Presidential Election: Who are the Candidates?", Iran Wire, 13 April 2017, retrieved 21 April 2017
  6. ^ "Guide: Iranian parliamentary elections". BBC World. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  7. "Iran Report". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 16 February 2004. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  8. Rabasa, Angel; Waxman, Matthew; Larson, Eric V.; Marcum, Cheryl Y. (2004). The Muslim World After 9/11. Rand Corporation. p. 221. ISBN 9780833037558.
  9. Mohseni, Payam (2016). "Factionalism, Privatization, and the Political economy of regime transformation". In Brumberg, Daniel; Farhi, Farideh (eds.). Power and Change in Iran: Politics of Contention and Conciliation. Indiana Series in Middle East Studies. Indiana University Press. p. 44.
  10. Parisa Hafezi (18 February 2016). Dominic Evans (ed.). "Factbox: Parties and politics in Iran's parliamentary election". Reuters. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  11. "Moderation party joins reformist policy-making council", Tehran Times, 10 April 2017, retrieved 14 April 2017
  12. Beeman, William O. (Summer 2004). "Elections and Governmental Structure in Iran: Reform Lurks Under the Flaws" (PDF). Brown Journal of World Affairs. XI (1): 55–67.
  13. "How Iran votes". BBC World. 3 February 2004. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
  14. Kaveh-Cyrus Sanandaji (2009), "The Eighth Majles Elections in the Islamic Republic of Iran: A Division in Conservative Ranks and the Politics of Moderation", Iranian Studies, 42 (4), Routledge: 621–648, doi:10.1080/00210860903106345, S2CID 153397356
  15. Aras, Bulent (September 2001). "Transformation of the Iranian political system: Towards a new model?" (PDF). Middle East Review of International Affairs. 5 (3).
  16. "In the Gap between the Two Wings", Hamshahri (in Persian), no. 3005, p. Politics, 15 March 2003, retrieved 1 June 2017
  17. ^ Ali Afshari (8 April 2014), "Internal rivalries hinder Rouhani's reform efforts", Al-Monitor, retrieved 11 December 2016
  18. "Moderation and Development Party backs Rowhani for president", Mehr News Agency, 14 September 2008, retrieved 24 November 2016
  19. "Party leader wants debates among candidates' representatives", Mehr News Agency, 30 May 2009, retrieved 24 November 2016
  20. "Moderation and Development Party to back Rouhani", Tehran Times, 14 January 2017, retrieved 14 January 2017
  21. Behnegarsoft.com (2024-06-10). "حزب اعتدال و توسعه - بیانیه انتخاباتی حزب اعتدال و توسعه در حمایت از دکتر مسعود پزشکیان ، نامزد انتخابات ریاست جمهوری 1403". حزب اعتدال و توسعه (in Persian). Retrieved 2024-09-06.
Iran Political organizations in Iran
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Reformists
Anti-establishment
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