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| {{Short description|Radiologic sign of free gas}} | |||
| The '''continuous diaphragm sign''' is a radiological finding seen on chest X-rays that indicates the presence of gas within the thoracic cavity, specifically in the mediastinum (])<ref name=new>{{cite journal |last1=Levin |first1=Bertram |title=The continuous diaphragm sign: A newly-recognized sign of pneumomediastinum |journal=Clinical Radiology |date=1 January 1973 |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=337–338 |doi=10.1016/S0009-9260(73)80050-9 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009926073800509 |access-date=2 January 2025 |issn=0009-9260}}</ref> |
The '''continuous diaphragm sign''' is a radiological finding seen on chest X-rays that indicates the presence of gas within the thoracic cavity, specifically in the mediastinum (]),<ref name=new>{{cite journal |last1=Levin |first1=Bertram |title=The continuous diaphragm sign: A newly-recognized sign of pneumomediastinum |journal=Clinical Radiology |date=1 January 1973 |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=337–338 |doi=10.1016/S0009-9260(73)80050-9 |pmid=4730225 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009926073800509 |access-date=2 January 2025 |issn=0009-9260}}</ref> the peritoneal cavity (]) or pericardium (]).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brander |first1=L |last2=Ramsay |first2=D |last3=Dreier |first3=D |last4=Peter |first4=M |last5=Graeni |first5=R |title=Continuous left hemidiaphragm sign revisited: a case of spontaneous pneumopericardium and literature review. |journal=Heart (British Cardiac Society) |date=October 2002 |volume=88 |issue=4 |pages=e5 |doi=10.1136/heart.88.4.e5 |pmid=12231618 |pmc=1767382 }}</ref> This sign is characterized by the uninterrupted visualization of the diaphragm's contour across the midline, underlining both the right and left hemidiaphragms, which is normally obscured by the overlying heart and mediastinum.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmitt |first1=ER |last2=Burg |first2=MD |title=Continuous diaphragm sign. |journal=The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine |date=November 2011 |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=526–7 |doi=10.5811/westjem.2011.4.2283 |pmid=22224153 |pmc=3236154 }}</ref> | ||
| ==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
| The diaphragm typically appears as two separate, curved outlines (hemidiaphragms) on a chest X-ray due to the heart and mediastinum obscuring its central portion. When air accumulates in the mediastinum or peritoneal cavity, it outlines the diaphragm, making its central portion visible and creating the appearance of a continuous line.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Ramanuj |last2=Parichha |first2=Ayan |title=The Sign of Continuity: Continuous Diaphragm Sign in Pneumoperitoneum |journal=Indian Journal of Surgery |date=1 August 2021 |volume=83 |issue=4 |pages=1079–1080 |doi=10.1007/s12262-020-02541-z |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12262-020-02541-z |access-date=2 January 2025 |language=en |issn=0973-9793}}</ref> The continuous diaphragm sign is most commonly caused by the presence of free air in the mediastinum where air escapes from the lungs, airways, or other mediastinal structures. The causes for pneumomediastinum include trauma, alveolar rupture, asthma exacerbations, or esophageal perforation. The sign can also be seen in pneumoperitoneum, where free air enters the abdominal cavity due to gastrointestinal perforation or surgery.<ref name=new/> | The diaphragm typically appears as two separate, curved outlines (hemidiaphragms) on a chest X-ray due to the heart and mediastinum obscuring its central portion. When air accumulates in the mediastinum or peritoneal cavity, it outlines the diaphragm, making its central portion visible and creating the appearance of a continuous line.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Ramanuj |last2=Parichha |first2=Ayan |title=The Sign of Continuity: Continuous Diaphragm Sign in Pneumoperitoneum |journal=Indian Journal of Surgery |date=1 August 2021 |volume=83 |issue=4 |pages=1079–1080 |doi=10.1007/s12262-020-02541-z |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12262-020-02541-z |access-date=2 January 2025 |language=en |issn=0973-9793}}</ref> The continuous diaphragm sign is most commonly caused by the presence of free air in the mediastinum where air escapes from the lungs, airways, or other mediastinal structures. The causes for pneumomediastinum include trauma, alveolar rupture, asthma exacerbations, or esophageal perforation. The sign can also be seen in pneumoperitoneum, where free air enters the abdominal cavity due to gastrointestinal perforation or surgery.<ref name=new/> | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:05, 8 January 2025
Radiologic sign of free gasThe continuous diaphragm sign is a radiological finding seen on chest X-rays that indicates the presence of gas within the thoracic cavity, specifically in the mediastinum (pneumomediastinum), the peritoneal cavity (pneumoperitoneum) or pericardium (pneumopericardium). This sign is characterized by the uninterrupted visualization of the diaphragm's contour across the midline, underlining both the right and left hemidiaphragms, which is normally obscured by the overlying heart and mediastinum.
Pathophysiology
The diaphragm typically appears as two separate, curved outlines (hemidiaphragms) on a chest X-ray due to the heart and mediastinum obscuring its central portion. When air accumulates in the mediastinum or peritoneal cavity, it outlines the diaphragm, making its central portion visible and creating the appearance of a continuous line. The continuous diaphragm sign is most commonly caused by the presence of free air in the mediastinum where air escapes from the lungs, airways, or other mediastinal structures. The causes for pneumomediastinum include trauma, alveolar rupture, asthma exacerbations, or esophageal perforation. The sign can also be seen in pneumoperitoneum, where free air enters the abdominal cavity due to gastrointestinal perforation or surgery.
References
- ^ Levin, Bertram (1 January 1973). "The continuous diaphragm sign: A newly-recognized sign of pneumomediastinum". Clinical Radiology. 24 (3): 337–338. doi:10.1016/S0009-9260(73)80050-9. ISSN 0009-9260. PMID 4730225. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
- Brander, L; Ramsay, D; Dreier, D; Peter, M; Graeni, R (October 2002). "Continuous left hemidiaphragm sign revisited: a case of spontaneous pneumopericardium and literature review". Heart (British Cardiac Society). 88 (4): e5. doi:10.1136/heart.88.4.e5. PMC 1767382. PMID 12231618.
- Schmitt, ER; Burg, MD (November 2011). "Continuous diaphragm sign". The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. 12 (4): 526–7. doi:10.5811/westjem.2011.4.2283. PMC 3236154. PMID 22224153.
- Mukherjee, Ramanuj; Parichha, Ayan (1 August 2021). "The Sign of Continuity: Continuous Diaphragm Sign in Pneumoperitoneum". Indian Journal of Surgery. 83 (4): 1079–1080. doi:10.1007/s12262-020-02541-z. ISSN 0973-9793. Retrieved 2 January 2025.