| Revision as of 09:06, 24 December 2024 editNetha Hussain (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users11,929 edits added Category:Radiologic signs using HotCat← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 20:43, 8 January 2025 edit undoCitation bot (talk | contribs)Bots5,450,077 edits Alter: title, journal. Added pmid. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Dominic3203 | Linked from User:Skittleys/newarticles | #UCB_webform_linked 293/466 | ||
| (5 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| {{Short description|Radiologic sign in renal tuberculosis}} | |||
| '''Putty kidney''' is a radiological term describing a calcified kidney typically seen in the end stages of chronic ]. The term "putty kidney" derives from the radiographic appearance of extensive amorphous calcification within the kidney, resembling the consistency of putty. This finding is a hallmark of advanced genitourinary tuberculosis, which is one of the types of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The term 'putty kidney' was first used in 1906 by Dr. F Tilden Brown, a genitourinary surgeon.<ref name= surgeon>{{cite journal |last1=Shekar P |first1=Ashwin |last2=Dumra |first2=Anuj |last3=Patel |first3=Hardik |title=Remember the |
'''Putty kidney''' is a radiological term describing a calcified kidney typically seen in the end stages of chronic ]. The term "putty kidney" derives from the radiographic appearance of extensive amorphous calcification within the kidney, resembling the consistency of putty. This finding is a hallmark of advanced genitourinary tuberculosis, which is one of the types of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The term 'putty kidney' was first used in 1906 by Dr. F Tilden Brown, a genitourinary surgeon.<ref name= surgeon>{{cite journal |last1=Shekar P |first1=Ashwin |last2=Dumra |first2=Anuj |last3=Patel |first3=Hardik |title=Remember the "Putty Kidney"—A Reminder of Days Gone by |journal=Urology |date=1 July 2020 |volume=141 |pages=e18–e19 |doi=10.1016/j.urology.2020.04.037 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0090429520304179 |access-date=24 December 2024 |issn=0090-4295}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Galván |first1=Dana C. |last2=Laks |first2=Shaked |title=Classics in abdominal imaging: the putty kidney |journal=Abdominal Radiology |date=1 June 2018 |volume=43 |issue=6 |pages=1510–1512 |doi=10.1007/s00261-017-1324-z |pmid=28936724 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00261-017-1324-z |language=en |issn=2366-0058}}</ref> | ||
| ==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
| Putty kidney represents the late-stage sequelae of renal tuberculosis, which results from hematogenous dissemination of ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' to the kidneys. Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation lead to:<ref name=pubmed>{{cite journal |last1=Deftereos |first1=S |last2=Foutzitzi |first2=S |title=The putty kidney: a classic sign from past in genitourinary radiology. |journal=The Pan African |
Putty kidney represents the late-stage sequelae of renal tuberculosis, which results from hematogenous dissemination of '']'' to the kidneys. Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation lead to:<ref name="pubmed">{{cite journal |last1=Deftereos |first1=S |last2=Foutzitzi |first2=S |date=2022 |title=The putty kidney: a classic sign from past in genitourinary radiology. |url=https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com//content/article/42/16/full |journal=The Pan African Medical Journal |volume=42 |pages=16 |doi=10.11604/pamj.2022.42.16.34128 |pmid=35812261 |access-date=24 December 2024|pmc=9228914 }}</ref> | ||
| * '''Parenchymal destruction''': The renal tissue undergoes |
* '''Parenchymal destruction''': The renal tissue undergoes ], fibrosis, and calcification. | ||
| * '''Fibrosis and shrinkage''': Progressive scarring results in a small, irregularly shaped kidney. | * '''Fibrosis and shrinkage''': Progressive scarring results in a small, irregularly shaped kidney. | ||
| * '''Calcification''': Deposition of calcium salts within the necrotic tissue leads to the characteristic dense appearance of the kidney on imaging. | * '''Calcification''': Deposition of calcium salts within the necrotic tissue leads to the characteristic dense appearance of the kidney on imaging. | ||
| The advanced calcified state of a putty kidney is associated with a loss of renal function and often coexists with damage to the ureters and bladder.<ref name=pubmed/> | The advanced calcified state of a putty kidney is associated with a loss of renal function and often coexists with damage to the ureters and bladder.<ref name=pubmed/> | ||
| ==Imaging characteristics== | ==Imaging characteristics== | ||
| ===Plain radiography=== | ===Plain radiography=== | ||
| Line 12: | Line 14: | ||
| * '''Calcifications''': Extensive, coarse calcifications replacing the normal renal parenchyma. | * '''Calcifications''': Extensive, coarse calcifications replacing the normal renal parenchyma. | ||
| * '''Shrunken Kidney''': Significant reduction in kidney size with irregular contours. | * '''Shrunken Kidney''': Significant reduction in kidney size with irregular contours. | ||
| * '''Surrounding Structures''': May show associated calcification in the ureters or bladder due to tuberculosis involvement.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Priyadarshi |first1=Vinod |last2=Goel |first2=Hemant Kumar |last3=Bera |first3=Malay Kumar |last4=Pal |first4=Dilip Kumar |title=Completely calcified non-functioning kidney: a classical image of putty kidney |journal=Case Reports |date=12 August 2014 |volume=2014 |pages=bcr2013203030 |doi=10.1136/bcr-2013-203030 |url=https://casereports.bmj.com/content/2014/bcr-2013-203030 |access-date=24 December 2024 |language=en |issn=1757-790X}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Eurorad.org |journal=Eurorad - Brought to |
* '''Surrounding Structures''': May show associated calcification in the ureters or bladder due to tuberculosis involvement.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Priyadarshi |first1=Vinod |last2=Goel |first2=Hemant Kumar |last3=Bera |first3=Malay Kumar |last4=Pal |first4=Dilip Kumar |title=Completely calcified non-functioning kidney: a classical image of putty kidney |journal=Case Reports |date=12 August 2014 |volume=2014 |pages=bcr2013203030 |doi=10.1136/bcr-2013-203030 |url=https://casereports.bmj.com/content/2014/bcr-2013-203030 |access-date=24 December 2024 |language=en |issn=1757-790X|pmc=4139566 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Eurorad.org |journal=Eurorad - Brought to You by the ESR |url=https://www.eurorad.org/case/11826 |access-date=24 December 2024 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| ===Ultrasound=== | ===Ultrasound=== | ||
| * Hyperechoic areas corresponding to calcifications. | * Hyperechoic areas corresponding to calcifications. | ||
Latest revision as of 20:43, 8 January 2025
Radiologic sign in renal tuberculosisPutty kidney is a radiological term describing a calcified kidney typically seen in the end stages of chronic renal tuberculosis. The term "putty kidney" derives from the radiographic appearance of extensive amorphous calcification within the kidney, resembling the consistency of putty. This finding is a hallmark of advanced genitourinary tuberculosis, which is one of the types of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The term 'putty kidney' was first used in 1906 by Dr. F Tilden Brown, a genitourinary surgeon.
Pathophysiology
Putty kidney represents the late-stage sequelae of renal tuberculosis, which results from hematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the kidneys. Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation lead to:
- Parenchymal destruction: The renal tissue undergoes caseous necrosis, fibrosis, and calcification.
- Fibrosis and shrinkage: Progressive scarring results in a small, irregularly shaped kidney.
- Calcification: Deposition of calcium salts within the necrotic tissue leads to the characteristic dense appearance of the kidney on imaging.
The advanced calcified state of a putty kidney is associated with a loss of renal function and often coexists with damage to the ureters and bladder.
Imaging characteristics
Plain radiography
Dense, amorphous calcifications occupying the renal region.
Computed Tomography
- Calcifications: Extensive, coarse calcifications replacing the normal renal parenchyma.
- Shrunken Kidney: Significant reduction in kidney size with irregular contours.
- Surrounding Structures: May show associated calcification in the ureters or bladder due to tuberculosis involvement.
Ultrasound
- Hyperechoic areas corresponding to calcifications.
- Loss of normal corticomedullary differentiation.
References
- ^ Shekar P, Ashwin; Dumra, Anuj; Patel, Hardik (1 July 2020). "Remember the "Putty Kidney"—A Reminder of Days Gone by". Urology. 141: e18 – e19. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2020.04.037. ISSN 0090-4295. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
- Galván, Dana C.; Laks, Shaked (1 June 2018). "Classics in abdominal imaging: the putty kidney". Abdominal Radiology. 43 (6): 1510–1512. doi:10.1007/s00261-017-1324-z. ISSN 2366-0058. PMID 28936724.
- ^ Deftereos, S; Foutzitzi, S (2022). "The putty kidney: a classic sign from past in genitourinary radiology". The Pan African Medical Journal. 42: 16. doi:10.11604/pamj.2022.42.16.34128. PMC 9228914. PMID 35812261. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
- Priyadarshi, Vinod; Goel, Hemant Kumar; Bera, Malay Kumar; Pal, Dilip Kumar (12 August 2014). "Completely calcified non-functioning kidney: a classical image of putty kidney". Case Reports. 2014: bcr2013203030. doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-203030. ISSN 1757-790X. PMC 4139566. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
- "Eurorad.org". Eurorad - Brought to You by the ESR. Retrieved 24 December 2024.