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| '''Martín de Aragón y Tafalla''', 3rd Duke of Ampurias, (1592–1639), was a Spanish military officer who, rising through the ranks, went on to become ''capitán general'' of Cavalry, the fourth highest military rank in Spain's ] at the time. He was killed in action at the Castle of ], Italy.<ref name=sanchez2>{{in lang|es}} Sánchez Martín, Juan Luis. ]. Retrieved 28 December 2024.</ref> | '''Martín de Aragón y Tafalla''', 3rd Duke of Ampurias, (1592–1639), was a Spanish military officer who, rising through the ranks, went on to become ''capitán general'' of Cavalry, the fourth highest military rank in Spain's ] at the time. He was killed in action at the Castle of ], Italy.<ref name=sanchez2>{{in lang|es}} Sánchez Martín, Juan Luis. ]. Retrieved 28 December 2024.</ref> | ||
| ==Career== | |||
| ===Early career=== | |||
| Having enlisted at an early age in the ], he was sent to Lombardy and from there he went on to see action at the ] (1625) and at the First Siege of ] (1629–31). Following that action, in November 1629<ref name=sanchez2/> he was given command of the ], the oldest tercio in the Spanish army.<ref>{{in lang|es}} ]. Retrieved 28 December 2024.</ref> That same year, given the imminent demilitarization following the Treaty of ], he sailed from Genoa to Cádiz with two thousand veteran Spanish soldiers, and from there to Flanders, as part of Admiral ]'s squadron.<ref name=sanchez2/> | Having enlisted at an early age in the ], he was sent to Lombardy and from there he went on to see action at the ] (1625) and at the First Siege of ] (1629–31). Following that action, in November 1629<ref name=sanchez2/> he was given command of the ], the oldest tercio in the Spanish army.<ref>{{in lang|es}} ]. Retrieved 28 December 2024.</ref> That same year, given the imminent demilitarization following the Treaty of ], he sailed from Genoa to Cádiz with two thousand veteran Spanish soldiers, and from there to Flanders, as part of Admiral ]'s squadron.<ref name=sanchez2/> | ||
| ===Command=== | |||
| In 1633, Aragón's Lombardy Tercio was made up of twenty companies, totalling 197 officers and 2,321 infantry. However, given the formation of the army to be led by the ] to Germany, the number of companies was reduced to half. In 1635, following the surprise French attack on the valley of ], the tercio was reinforced by recruits from Spain and saw action raising ] ]'s siege at ]. By January 1636 his tercio had increased to fifteen companies but these were so raw that only three of his officers, including himself as '']'', had held their commissions for more than two years.<ref name=sanchez2/> On 22 June that year, Aragón's tercio saw action at ]. When ], the General of Cavalry, was killed in action at that battle, the ], supreme commander of Spain's armies in Italy,<ref name=polo>{{in lang|es}} Polo Sánchez, Julio J. (2014). Retrieved 28 December 2024.</ref> gave Aragón that ]. However, the |
In 1633, Aragón's Lombardy Tercio was made up of twenty companies, totalling 197 officers and 2,321 infantry. However, given the formation of the army to be led by the ] to Germany, the number of companies was reduced to half. In 1635, following the surprise French attack on the valley of ], the tercio was reinforced by recruits from Spain and saw action raising ] ]'s siege at ]. By January 1636 his tercio had increased to fifteen companies but these were so raw that only three of his officers, including himself as '']'', had held their commissions for more than two years.<ref name=sanchez2/> On 22 June that year, Aragón's tercio saw action at ]. When ], the General of Cavalry, was killed in action at that battle, the ], supreme commander of Spain's armies in Italy,<ref name=polo>{{in lang|es}} Polo Sánchez, Julio J. (2014). Retrieved 28 December 2024.</ref> gave Aragón that ]. However, the court preferred to give the post to the Portuguese general ], while promoting Aragón to general of artillery.<ref name=sanchez2/> Command of Aragón's Lombary Tercio was then given to ], with whom Martín would have major disputes.<ref name=polo/> However, a few months later, Leganés relieved Garay of that command, sending him back to Madrid, when Garay refused to obey Aragón, his superior, on the basis that as commanding officer of Spain's oldest tercio, he was not under Aragón's command.<ref name=sanchez2/> In May 1638, when Aragón was promoted to captain general of cavalry, Garay took his place as captain general of artillery<ref name=sanchez2/> but the continued animosity between Aragón and Garay led Leganés to send the latter back to Spain to review which fortifications were in urgent need of works.<ref name=sanchez>{{in lang|es}} Sánchez Martín, Juan Luis. ''Diccionario Biográfico electrónico''. ]. Retrieved 28 December 2024.</ref> | ||
| ===Last campaigns and death=== | |||
| In 1638, Aragón was proposed as commander-in-chief of Spain's third most important army, that of the ], the ''Milanesado''.<ref name=sanchez2/> However, once again, the ] selected another candidate, the viceroy of Sicily, ], a Portuguese nobleman with no military experience.<ref name=sanchez2/> Martín was promoted to ''capitán general'' of Cavalry, and later that year, led the Spanish troops to victories at the ] (26 April), where the French military commander, the ] (Créquy) had been killed the previous month,<ref> ]. Retrieved 28 December 2024.</ref> and at ] (26 September), as well as at ], serving under the Marquis of Leganés.<ref name=sanchez2/> | In 1638, Aragón was proposed as commander-in-chief of Spain's third most important army, that of the ], the ''Milanesado''.<ref name=sanchez2/> However, once again, the ] selected another candidate, the viceroy of Sicily, ], a Portuguese nobleman with no military experience.<ref name=sanchez2/> Martín was promoted to ''capitán general'' of Cavalry, and later that year, led the Spanish troops to victories at the ] (26 April), where the French military commander, the ] (Créquy) had been killed the previous month,<ref> ]. Retrieved 28 December 2024.</ref> and at ] (26 September), as well as at ], serving under the Marquis of Leganés.<ref name=sanchez2/> | ||
Latest revision as of 19:08, 14 January 2025
Spanish military officer (1592–1639)| Martín de Aragón | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1592 Zaragoza, Spain |
| Died | 23 March 1639 (KIA) Cengio, Italy |
| Rank | General |
| Battles / wars |
|
Martín de Aragón y Tafalla, 3rd Duke of Ampurias, (1592–1639), was a Spanish military officer who, rising through the ranks, went on to become capitán general of Cavalry, the fourth highest military rank in Spain's chain of command at the time. He was killed in action at the Castle of Cengio, Italy.
Career
Early career
Having enlisted at an early age in the Armada Real, he was sent to Lombardy and from there he went on to see action at the Relief of Genoa (1625) and at the First Siege of Casale Monferrato (1629–31). Following that action, in November 1629 he was given command of the Lombardy Tercio, the oldest tercio in the Spanish army. That same year, given the imminent demilitarization following the Treaty of Cherasco, he sailed from Genoa to Cádiz with two thousand veteran Spanish soldiers, and from there to Flanders, as part of Admiral Rivera's squadron.
Command
In 1633, Aragón's Lombardy Tercio was made up of twenty companies, totalling 197 officers and 2,321 infantry. However, given the formation of the army to be led by the Duke of Feria to Germany, the number of companies was reduced to half. In 1635, following the surprise French attack on the valley of Valtellina, the tercio was reinforced by recruits from Spain and saw action raising Marshal Créqui's siege at Valenza. By January 1636 his tercio had increased to fifteen companies but these were so raw that only three of his officers, including himself as maestre de campo, had held their commissions for more than two years. On 22 June that year, Aragón's tercio saw action at Tornavento. When Gerardo Gambacorta, the General of Cavalry, was killed in action at that battle, the Marquis of Leganés, supreme commander of Spain's armies in Italy, gave Aragón that temporary rank. However, the court preferred to give the post to the Portuguese general Felipe de Silva, while promoting Aragón to general of artillery. Command of Aragón's Lombary Tercio was then given to Juan de Garay, with whom Martín would have major disputes. However, a few months later, Leganés relieved Garay of that command, sending him back to Madrid, when Garay refused to obey Aragón, his superior, on the basis that as commanding officer of Spain's oldest tercio, he was not under Aragón's command. In May 1638, when Aragón was promoted to captain general of cavalry, Garay took his place as captain general of artillery but the continued animosity between Aragón and Garay led Leganés to send the latter back to Spain to review which fortifications were in urgent need of works.
Last campaigns and death
In 1638, Aragón was proposed as commander-in-chief of Spain's third most important army, that of the Duchy of Milan, the Milanesado. However, once again, the Olivares selected another candidate, the viceroy of Sicily, Francisco de Melo, a Portuguese nobleman with no military experience. Martín was promoted to capitán general of Cavalry, and later that year, led the Spanish troops to victories at the Siege of Breme (26 April), where the French military commander, the Duke of Lesdiguieres (Créquy) had been killed the previous month, and at Ponzone (26 September), as well as at Vercelli, serving under the Marquis of Leganés.
The following March, Aragón was killed by a musket shot to the head while reviewing the castle at Cengio, and Garay was ordered back to Italy to continue the campaign there.
References
- ^ (in Spanish) Sánchez Martín, Juan Luis. "Martín de Aragón y Tafalla". Diccionario Biográfico electrónico. Real Academia de la Historia. Retrieved 28 December 2024.
- (in Spanish) Historia Hispánica. Real Academia de la Historia. Retrieved 28 December 2024.
- ^ (in Spanish) Polo Sánchez, Julio J. (2014). "El Virrey de Cataluña Juan de Garay Otañes y la escultura aragonesa en la segunda mitad del siglo XVII". Artigrama, núm. 29, 2014, pp. 363-384. ISSN: 0213-1498. Retrieved 28 December 2024.
- ^ (in Spanish) Sánchez Martín, Juan Luis. "Juan de Garay Otáñez y Rada". Diccionario Biográfico electrónico. Real Academia de la Historia. Retrieved 28 December 2024.
- "View of Breme, 1638 (Breme, Lombardy, Italy) 45°07ʹ39ʺN 08°37ʹ32ʺE 1638 or later". Franco-Spanish War (1635-59). Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 28 December 2024.