| Revision as of 16:06, 7 January 2025 editRodw (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Event coordinators, Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers773,834 editsm Disambiguating links to Farmers' Party (link changed to Farmers' Party (Ireland)) using DisamAssist.← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 05:43, 15 January 2025 edit undoRich Smith (talk | contribs)Account creators, Extended confirmed users, Page movers, IP block exemptions, New page reviewers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers32,750 editsm v2.05 - Fix errors for CW project (Reference list missing / disambiguation page with disallowed <ref> - Template value ends with break)Tag: WPCleaner | ||
| (7 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| {{Short description| |
{{Short description|Irish quasi-paramilitary organisation}} | ||
| {{Infobox war faction | {{Infobox war faction | ||
| | name = Farmers' Freedom Force (FFF) | | name = Farmers' Freedom Force (FFF) | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
| |allegiance = {{flagdeco|Ireland}} ] | |allegiance = {{flagdeco|Ireland}} ] | ||
| | opponents = ] | | opponents = ] | ||
| | battles = ] <small>(1922–1923)</small |
| battles = ] <small>(1922–1923)</small>}} | ||
| The '''Farmers' Freedom Force''' or '''White Guards'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-08 |title=She is a Protestant as well |url=https://aubanehistoricalsociety.org/ahs14.pdf |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=aubanehistoricalsociety.org |language=en}}</ref> was a ] active during the ]. During the ], the western rural parts of ] had been engulfed in semi-active conflicts over land, leading to various deaths during the period unrelated to the war.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-01 |title=The Irish Working Class and the War of Independence |url=https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/irishmr/vol04/no14/kostick.pdf |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=marxists.org |language=en}}</ref> As the ] approached the island however, things began to become more complicated. Within the ], a portion of the group had grown disillusioned and joined the ]'s armed wing, the Red Guards, which had formed early in 1922.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-17 |title=The Irish Citizen Army (ICA) in the Civil War: A MSPC Resource |url=https://militarypensions.wordpress.com/2023/02/17/the-irish-citizen-army-ica-in-the-civil-war-a-mspc-resource/ |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=Military Service Pensions Archive |language=en}}</ref> This Red Guards faction would fight in the Civil War, mainly in the ], though some allegedly related parts of the group worked in support of the ] in the West. | The '''Farmers' Freedom Force''' or '''White Guards'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-08 |title=She is a Protestant as well |url=https://aubanehistoricalsociety.org/ahs14.pdf |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=aubanehistoricalsociety.org |language=en}}</ref> was a ] active during the ]. During the ], the western rural parts of ] had been engulfed in semi-active conflicts over land, leading to various deaths during the period unrelated to the war.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-01 |title=The Irish Working Class and the War of Independence |url=https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/irishmr/vol04/no14/kostick.pdf |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=marxists.org |language=en}}</ref> As the ] approached the island however, things began to become more complicated. Within the ], a portion of the group had grown disillusioned and joined the ]'s armed wing, the Red Guards, which had formed early in 1922.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-17 |title=The Irish Citizen Army (ICA) in the Civil War: A MSPC Resource |url=https://militarypensions.wordpress.com/2023/02/17/the-irish-citizen-army-ica-in-the-civil-war-a-mspc-resource/ |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=Military Service Pensions Archive |language=en}}</ref> This Red Guards faction would fight in the Civil War, mainly in the ], though some allegedly related parts of the group worked in support of the ] in the West. | ||
| == |
== War against the ITGWU == | ||
| In the latter half of 1921 to 1922, the ] (very closely associated to both the ] and Red Guards) had begun to expand itself in Western Ireland, assisting the soviets which sprung up. As a result, the ] would set up a ] wing, though it would not be very centralized yet. This wing would be titled the Farmers' Freedom Force (FFF) and would mostly spend their time clashing with farm workers with the support of their tenants and landlords.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-04-23 |title=The Finglas riot of 1913 |url=https://politics.ie/threads/the-finglas-riot-of-1913.209717/page-3 |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=politics.ie |language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Taaffe|2014}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-21 |title=Report on Irish Civil War Conference, Drogheda, September 2012 |url=https://www.theirishstory.com/2012/09/21/report-on-irish-civil-war-conference-drogheda-september-2012/ |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=politics.ie |language=en}}</ref> | In the latter half of 1921 to 1922, the ] (very closely associated to both the ] and Red Guards) had begun to expand itself in Western Ireland, assisting the soviets which sprung up. As a result, the ] would set up a ] wing, though it would not be very centralized yet. This wing would be titled the Farmers' Freedom Force (FFF) and would mostly spend their time clashing with farm workers with the support of their tenants and landlords.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-04-23 |title=The Finglas riot of 1913 |url=https://politics.ie/threads/the-finglas-riot-of-1913.209717/page-3 |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=politics.ie |language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Taaffe|2014}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-21 |title=Report on Irish Civil War Conference, Drogheda, September 2012 |url=https://www.theirishstory.com/2012/09/21/report-on-irish-civil-war-conference-drogheda-september-2012/ |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=politics.ie |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| == Involvement |
== Involvement in the Civil War == | ||
| The FFF would quickly become sucked into the ] as it, by 1923, begun to be incorporated into the ]. By now, it begun to be fully constructed, with the government modeling the group off of the ] in the ].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-08 |title=Ireland and Ukraine's Struggle for Independence 1916-1923 |url=https://newpol.org/ireland-and-ukraines-struggle-for-independence-1916-23/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=newpol.org |language=en}}</ref> Along with this, their stance against the ], which was connected to the ] and Red Guards who were working with the ], made them automatic allies of the ]. Around this time, they numbered 600 members and were mostly focused on shootings and arson attacks.{{sfn|Taaffe|2014}} | The FFF would quickly become sucked into the ] as it, by 1923, begun to be incorporated into the ]. By now, it begun to be fully constructed, with the government modeling the group off of the ] in the ].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-08 |title=Ireland and Ukraine's Struggle for Independence 1916-1923 |url=https://newpol.org/ireland-and-ukraines-struggle-for-independence-1916-23/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=newpol.org |language=en |author1=Newpolitics }}</ref> Along with this, their stance against the ], which was connected to the ] and Red Guards who were working with the ], made them automatic allies of the ]. Around this time, they numbered 600 members and were mostly focused on shootings and arson attacks.{{sfn|Taaffe|2014}} | ||
| == Examples of FFF |
== Examples of FFF operations == | ||
| During ] of 1923, the FFF burnt down haggards in ] in response to the increasing number of farmer strikes. Along with this, the homes of workers on strike would be vandalised and burnt down on occasion. | During ] of 1923, the FFF burnt down haggards in ] in response to the increasing number of farmer strikes. Along with this, the homes of workers on strike would be vandalised and burnt down on occasion. On the 28th of February, 1923, the FFF assaulted the owner of a threshing engine in ], damaging his threshing machine and straw elevator as well. As clashes drew dangerously common, the ] was sent in to occupy the Town Hall from March 9th to November 24th of 1923.{{sfn|Taaffe|2014}} | ||
| On the 28th of February, 1923, the FFF assaulted the owner of a threshing engine in ], damaging his threshing machine and straw elevator as well. As clashes drew dangerously common, the ] was sent in to occupy the Town Hall from March 9th to November 24th of 1923.{{sfn|Taaffe|2014}} | |||
| == Disappearance == | == Disappearance == | ||
| Line 33: | Line 32: | ||
| == References == | == References == | ||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 05:43, 15 January 2025
Irish quasi-paramilitary organisation| Farmers' Freedom Force (FFF) | |
|---|---|
 A poster made to compare the FFF to that of the Blackshirts and KKK, made by labour activists. | |
| Leaders | Irish Farmers' Union |
| Dates of operation | 1922 – End of 1923 |
| Allegiance |  Irish Free State |
| Active regions | Ireland, particularly Munster and Leinster. |
| Size | ~600 |
| Opponents | ITGWU |
| Battles and wars | Irish Civil War (1922–1923) |
| Preceded by N/ASucceeded by N/A | |
The Farmers' Freedom Force or White Guards was a quasi-paramilitary active during the Irish Civil War. During the Irish War of Independence, the western rural parts of Ireland had been engulfed in semi-active conflicts over land, leading to various deaths during the period unrelated to the war. As the Irish Civil War approached the island however, things began to become more complicated. Within the Irish Citizen Army, a portion of the group had grown disillusioned and joined the Communist Party of Ireland's armed wing, the Red Guards, which had formed early in 1922. This Red Guards faction would fight in the Civil War, mainly in the Battle of Dublin, though some allegedly related parts of the group worked in support of the Irish soviets in the West.
War against the ITGWU
In the latter half of 1921 to 1922, the ITGWU (very closely associated to both the ICA and Red Guards) had begun to expand itself in Western Ireland, assisting the soviets which sprung up. As a result, the Irish Farmers' Union (IFU) would set up a quasi-paramilitary wing, though it would not be very centralized yet. This wing would be titled the Farmers' Freedom Force (FFF) and would mostly spend their time clashing with farm workers with the support of their tenants and landlords.
Involvement in the Civil War
The FFF would quickly become sucked into the Irish Civil War as it, by 1923, begun to be incorporated into the Irish Free State. By now, it begun to be fully constructed, with the government modeling the group off of the Ku Klux Klan in the United States of America. Along with this, their stance against the ITGWU, which was connected to the Irish Citizen Army and Red Guards who were working with the Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army, made them automatic allies of the Free State. Around this time, they numbered 600 members and were mostly focused on shootings and arson attacks.
Examples of FFF operations
During February of 1923, the FFF burnt down haggards in Athy in response to the increasing number of farmer strikes. Along with this, the homes of workers on strike would be vandalised and burnt down on occasion. On the 28th of February, 1923, the FFF assaulted the owner of a threshing engine in Bennettsbridge, damaging his threshing machine and straw elevator as well. As clashes drew dangerously common, the National Army was sent in to occupy the Town Hall from March 9th to November 24th of 1923.
Disappearance
The FFF never officially dissolved, though after 1923 it effectively vanished from the island. This was partially as a result of a decrease in political violence among other things.
References
- "She is a Protestant as well" (PDF). aubanehistoricalsociety.org. 2020-08-08. Retrieved 2025-01-06.
- "The Irish Working Class and the War of Independence" (PDF). marxists.org. 2015-11-01. Retrieved 2024-10-04.
- "The Irish Citizen Army (ICA) in the Civil War: A MSPC Resource". Military Service Pensions Archive. 2017-02-17. Retrieved 2024-10-04.
- "The Finglas riot of 1913". politics.ie. 2013-04-23. Retrieved 2024-10-04.
- ^ Taaffe 2014. sfn error: no target: CITEREFTaaffe2014 (help)
- "Report on Irish Civil War Conference, Drogheda, September 2012". politics.ie. 2012-09-21. Retrieved 2024-10-04.
- Newpolitics (2024-03-08). "Ireland and Ukraine's Struggle for Independence 1916-1923". newpol.org. Retrieved 2025-01-06.