| Revision as of 15:40, 12 January 2025 editKirny Wirny (talk | contribs)289 editsNo edit summary← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 04:13, 16 January 2025 edit undoCmr08 (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users124,300 edits put infobox before the introduction per WP:LAYOUT | ||
| (20 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| <!-- Please do not remove or change this AfD message until the discussion has been closed. --> | |||
| ⚫ | ] was a territory that was located to the east of the Ganges river. Gangaridai occurs as the name of a group people and of a country in ] or ] writings. It dates of which range between 1st century BC and 2nd century AD. The Gangaridai nation is known for repelling ] from his great Indian campaign.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Gangaridai - Banglapedia |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Gangaridai |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=en.banglapedia.org}}</ref> |
||
| {{Article for deletion/dated|page=Alexander's invasion of Gangaridai|timestamp=20250112161714|year=2025|month=January|day=12|substed=yes|help=off}} | |||
| <!-- Once discussion is closed, please place on talk page: {{Old AfD multi|page=Alexander's invasion of Gangaridai|date=12 January 2025|result='''keep'''}} --> | |||
| <!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point --> | |||
| {{Orphan|date=January 2025}} | |||
| {{Infobox military conflict | |||
| | conflict = Alexander's invasion of Gangaridai | | conflict = Alexander's invasion of Gangaridai | ||
| | partof = ] | | partof = ] | ||
| | image = |
| image = File:Map of-Bengal-326-bc-gangaridai.svg | ||
| | caption = | | caption = | ||
| | date = | | date = | ||
| | place = ] ] | | place = ] ] | ||
| | result = Gangaridai Victory | |||
| | combatant1 = ] | | combatant1 = ] | ||
| | combatant2 = ] | | combatant2 = ] | ||
| Line 18: | Line 22: | ||
| | territory = ] is forced to retreat from the region | | territory = ] is forced to retreat from the region | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| ⚫ | ] was a territory that was located to the east of the Ganges river. Gangaridai occurs as the name of a group people and of a country in ] or ] writings. It dates of which range between 1st century BC and 2nd century AD. The Gangaridai nation is known for repelling ] from his great Indian campaign.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Gangaridai - Banglapedia |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Gangaridai |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=en.banglapedia.org}}</ref> | ||
| == Background == | == Background == | ||
| ] became king of ] and ] in 336 BCE at the age of 20. He brought most of the Aegean under his rule, and by 331 bce he had conquered ] from the ]. By 328 BCE he had passed through and acquired significant portions of ] from the ] and ]. In 327 BCE his army crossed the Hindu Kush mountains into the Indian subcontinent.<ref>Raikar, Sanat Pai. "Battle of the Hydaspes". Encyclopedia Britannica, 8 Feb. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Hydaspes. Accessed 12 January 2025.</ref> Most local chieftains were intimidated by the might of the Macedonian army and became allies and paid tribute to the Greeks. One of those chieftains was Omphis, the ruler of ]. He begged for |
] became king of ] and ] in 336 BCE at the age of 20. He brought most of the Aegean under his rule, and by 331 bce he had conquered ] from the ]. By 328 BCE he had passed through and acquired significant portions of ] from the ] and ]. In 327 BCE his army crossed the Hindu Kush mountains into the Indian subcontinent.<ref>Raikar, Sanat Pai. "Battle of the Hydaspes". Encyclopedia Britannica, 8 Feb. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Hydaspes. Accessed 12 January 2025.</ref> Most local chieftains were intimidated by the might of the Macedonian army and became allies and paid tribute to the Greeks. One of those chieftains was Omphis, the ruler of ]. He begged for Alexander's protection against the powerful warlord ]. Alexander's army crossed the ] and eventually made their way to the Hydaspes, the western border of Porus's kingdom.<ref>Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Porus". Encyclopedia Britannica, 4 Dec. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Porus. Accessed 12 January 2025.</ref> | ||
| == Invasion of Gangaridai == | == Invasion of Gangaridai == | ||
| As Alexander the Great pursued King Porus to the state of Paurava to the Kingdom of ], he described the region as “a nation possessing the greatest number of elephants and the largest in size.” Most Historians say that Alexander the Great left the region in anticipation of a joint attack by the Prasii and Gangaridai Kingdoms that forced him to retreat. The invasion of the region, and subsequent withdrawal of ] is mentioned in a number of other writings by ], ], and ] historians. |
As Alexander the Great pursued King Porus to the state of Paurava to the Kingdom of ], he described the region as “a nation possessing the greatest number of elephants and the largest in size.” Most Historians say that Alexander the Great left the region in anticipation of a joint attack by the Prasii and Gangaridai Kingdoms that forced him to retreat. The invasion of the region, and subsequent withdrawal of ] is mentioned in a number of other writings by ], ], and ] historians.<ref>Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Porus". Encyclopedia Britannica, 4 Dec. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Porus. Accessed 12 January 2025.</ref> | ||
| == Aftermath == | == Aftermath == | ||
| Upon hearing that the ] army had 4,000 Elephants, ] and his men were terrified of the large force and decided to withdraw from the region. |
Upon hearing that the ] army had 4,000 Elephants, ] and his men were terrified of the large force and decided to withdraw from the region. His troops were also exhausted and homesick after a long campaign, refusing to advance further into India. Soon enough, Alexander's legendary campaigns would come to an end after his passing in ] June 323 BC.<ref>Marr, John S, and Charles H Calisher. “Alexander the Great and West Nile virus encephalitis.” Emerging infectious diseases vol. 9,12 (2003): 1599-603. doi:10.3201/eid0912.030288</ref> | ||
| == Historical view == | |||
| The earliest known account of the ] can be found in ], written by Diodorus Siculus (69 BCE–16 AD). This description is thought to have been derived from a now-lost text, likely authored by either Megasthenes or Hieronymus of Cardia. | |||
| In Book 2 of Bibliotheca historica, Diodorus describes the Gangaridai, whom he refers to as "Gandaridae," as inhabiting a region east of the ], which he records as being 30 stades wide. He notes that the Gangaridai were never conquered by foreign invaders, thanks to their formidable force of ]. According to Diodorus, ], after defeating other Indian kingdoms, advanced to the Ganges but chose to retreat upon learning that the Gangaridai possessed a massive army with 4,000 elephants. | |||
| == References == | == References == | ||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 04:13, 16 January 2025
| An editor has nominated this article for deletion. You are welcome to participate in the deletion discussion, which will decide whether or not to retain it.Feel free to improve the article, but do not remove this notice before the discussion is closed. For more information, see the guide to deletion. Find sources: "Alexander's invasion of Gangaridai" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR%5B%5BWikipedia%3AArticles+for+deletion%2FAlexander%26%2339%3Bs+invasion+of+Gangaridai%5D%5DAFD |
 | This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (January 2025) |
| Alexander's invasion of Gangaridai | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Alexander's invasion of India | |||||
 | |||||
| |||||
| Belligerents | |||||
| Macedonian Empire | Gangaridai | ||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||
| Alexander the Great |
Dhana Nanda Porus | ||||
| Strength | |||||
| Unknown |
60,000 troops 4,000 Elephants | ||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||
| None | None | ||||
Gangaridai was a territory that was located to the east of the Ganges river. Gangaridai occurs as the name of a group people and of a country in Greek or Latin writings. It dates of which range between 1st century BC and 2nd century AD. The Gangaridai nation is known for repelling Alexander the Great from his great Indian campaign.
Background
Alexander the Great became king of Macedonia and Greece in 336 BCE at the age of 20. He brought most of the Aegean under his rule, and by 331 bce he had conquered Persia from the Persian Empire. By 328 BCE he had passed through and acquired significant portions of Central Asia from the Sogdians and Scythians. In 327 BCE his army crossed the Hindu Kush mountains into the Indian subcontinent. Most local chieftains were intimidated by the might of the Macedonian army and became allies and paid tribute to the Greeks. One of those chieftains was Omphis, the ruler of Taxila. He begged for Alexander's protection against the powerful warlord Porus. Alexander's army crossed the Indus River and eventually made their way to the Hydaspes, the western border of Porus's kingdom.
Invasion of Gangaridai
As Alexander the Great pursued King Porus to the state of Paurava to the Kingdom of Gangaridai, he described the region as “a nation possessing the greatest number of elephants and the largest in size.” Most Historians say that Alexander the Great left the region in anticipation of a joint attack by the Prasii and Gangaridai Kingdoms that forced him to retreat. The invasion of the region, and subsequent withdrawal of Alexander the Great is mentioned in a number of other writings by Greek, Roman, and Bengali historians.
Aftermath
Upon hearing that the Bengal army had 4,000 Elephants, Alexander and his men were terrified of the large force and decided to withdraw from the region. His troops were also exhausted and homesick after a long campaign, refusing to advance further into India. Soon enough, Alexander's legendary campaigns would come to an end after his passing in Babylon June 323 BC.
Historical view
The earliest known account of the Gangaridai can be found in Bibliotheca historica, written by Diodorus Siculus (69 BCE–16 AD). This description is thought to have been derived from a now-lost text, likely authored by either Megasthenes or Hieronymus of Cardia.
In Book 2 of Bibliotheca historica, Diodorus describes the Gangaridai, whom he refers to as "Gandaridae," as inhabiting a region east of the Ganges River, which he records as being 30 stades wide. He notes that the Gangaridai were never conquered by foreign invaders, thanks to their formidable force of war elephants. According to Diodorus, Alexander the Great, after defeating other Indian kingdoms, advanced to the Ganges but chose to retreat upon learning that the Gangaridai possessed a massive army with 4,000 elephants.
References
- "Gangaridai - Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- Raikar, Sanat Pai. "Battle of the Hydaspes". Encyclopedia Britannica, 8 Feb. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Hydaspes. Accessed 12 January 2025.
- Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Porus". Encyclopedia Britannica, 4 Dec. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Porus. Accessed 12 January 2025.
- Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Porus". Encyclopedia Britannica, 4 Dec. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Porus. Accessed 12 January 2025.
- Marr, John S, and Charles H Calisher. “Alexander the Great and West Nile virus encephalitis.” Emerging infectious diseases vol. 9,12 (2003): 1599-603. doi:10.3201/eid0912.030288