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{{short description|American minister}}
⚫ '''James Maury''' (1717–1769) was a prominent ] educator and Anglican cleric during the American Colonial period. He was a figure in the notable lawsuit that became known as "The ]" in 1763, in which the young attorney ] argued that the colony had the right to establish its own method of payment to clergy (which had been vetoed by the Crown).
{{About||the U.S. diplomat|James Maury (consul)}}
⚫ '''James Maury''' (1718&ndash;1769) was a prominent ] educator and Anglican cleric during the American Colonial period and the progenitor of the prominent ]. The Reverend James Maury was a participant with the notable lawsuit that became known as "The ]" in 1763, in which the young attorney ] argued that the colony had the right to establish its own method of payment to clergy (which had been vetoed by the Crown).<!--https://en.wikipedia.org/The_Reverend-->


Born in Dublin of French Protestant "]" descent, James Maury came to the Virginia colony as an infant with his parents. He became educated and attended ]. He went to England to become ordained as an Anglican minister in 1741. He established his own classical school for boys, where he taught the young ] among others. Born in Dublin of French Protestant "]" ancestry, James Maury came to the Virginia colony as an infant with his parents. He attended ] and then established his own classical school for boys, where he taught the young ] among others.
<!--https://en.wikipedia.org/The_Reverend-->

In February 1742, Maury went to England and was ordained as an Anglican cleric of the established ]. Returning to Virginia, Maury was in charge for one year of a parish in ] and then served for 18 years in ] at Fredericksville Parish.<ref>Nelson, John K. (2001). ''A Blessed Company: Parishes, Parsons, and Parishioners in Anglican Virginia, 1690-1776'', p. 99. The University of North Carolina Press.</ref> He was highly regarded for his piety and learning. Maury was in charge of his parish until his death on June 9, 1769. In February 1742, Maury went to England and was ordained as an Anglican cleric of the established ]. Returning to Virginia, The Reverend James Maury was in charge for one year of a parish in ] and then served for 18 years in ] at Fredericksville Parish.<ref>Nelson, John K. (2001). ''A Blessed Company: Parishes, Parsons, and Parishioners in Anglican Virginia, 1690-1776'', p. 99. The University of North Carolina Press.</ref> He was highly regarded for his piety and learning. Maury was in charge of this parish until his death on June 9, 1769.


==Early life and education== ==Early life and education==
He was the son of Matthew Maury, a French ], who was born in Castel Mauron, in ], and his wife, Mary Anne Fontaine, daughter of Rev. James Fontaine and Anne Elizabeth Boursiquot. James Maury was born per his tombstone, April 8, 1717, in ].<ref>Fontaine, John; ed. by Alexander, Edward Porter (1972). ''The Journal of John Fontaine: An Irish Huguenot Son in Spain and Virginia, 1710-1719'', p. 130. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.</ref> Shortly after his birth, the family emigrated to the ] colony,<ref>Fontaine, James, & Mary, Ann (1852). ''Memoirs of a Huguenot Family'', p. 240. G. P. Putnam's Sons</ref> where hundreds of Huguenot refugees had settled above the falls of the James River in the early 1700s. He was the son of Matthew Maury, a French ], who was born in Castel Mauron, in ], and his wife, Mary Anne Fontaine, daughter of Rev. James Fontaine and Anne Elizabeth Boursiquot. James Maury was born per his tombstone, April 8, 1717, in ].<ref>Fontaine, John; ed. by Alexander, Edward Porter (1972). ''The Journal of John Fontaine: An Irish Huguenot Son in Spain and Virginia, 1710-1719'', p. 130. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.</ref> Soon after his birth, the family emigrated to the ] colony,<ref>Fontaine, James, & Mary, Ann (1852). ''Memoirs of a Huguenot Family'', p. 240. G. P. Putnam's Sons</ref> where hundreds of Huguenot refugees had settled above the falls of the James River during the early 1700s.


Maury was tutored and attended ]. After ordination to the Anglican ministry on July 31, 1742, he was appointed usher of its grammar school. Maury was tutored and attended ]. After ordination to the Anglican ministry on July 31, 1742, he was appointed usher of its grammar school.
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===Educator=== ===Educator===
Maury had a private school where he taught the ], manners and morals, ], ], ] and ]. Most of Reverend Maury's pupils boarded at his school. ] became one of his pupils for two years after the death of his father ] in 1757 and is said to have learned more about the classics from Maury than from any other instructor. <ref>Brodie, Fawn M. (1974). ''Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History'', p. 54. W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.</ref><ref>Malone, Dumas (1948). Jefferson, the Virginian, Little Brown and Company</ref> Maury had a private school where he taught the ], manners and morals, ], ], ] and ]. Most of Reverend Maury's pupils boarded at his school. ] became one of his pupils for two years after the death of his father ] in 1757 and is said to have learned more about the classics from Maury than from any other instructor.<ref>Brodie, Fawn M. (1974). ''Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History'', p. 54. W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.</ref><ref>Malone, Dumas (1948). Jefferson, the Virginian, Little Brown and Company</ref>


Maury's school is memorialized in a historical marker located near Gordonsville in ].<ref>Salmon, John S.; Peters, Margaret T.; Virginia Department of Historic Resources (1994). ''A Guidebook to Virginia's Historical Markers'', p. 64. University of Virginia Press.</ref> Reverend Maury's school is memorialized in a historical marker located near Gordonsville in ].<ref>Salmon, John S.; Peters, Margaret T.; Virginia Department of Historic Resources (1994). ''A Guidebook to Virginia's Historical Markers'', p. 64. University of Virginia Press.</ref>


===Ordained ministry=== ===Ordained ministry===
Ordained in 1742, Maury first served for a year in King William County, then was called to Lousia County and Fredericksville Parish. Ordained in 1742, The Reverend Maury first served for a year in King William County, then served in Louisa County and Fredericksville Parish.


===Loyal Land Company=== ===Loyal Land Company===
In 1749 Maury became enthusiastic about expeditions to the west and, together with ], Dr. ], ], and others founded the ]. They planned an expedition up the Missouri River to be led by Walker, but it was forestalled by the outbreak of hostilities between England and France in the ] in 1753 (called the French and Indian War in the colonies). In a 1756 letter Maury described the proposed expedition, which foreshadowed the ]: In 1749 Maury became enthusiastic about expeditions to the west and, together with ], Dr. ], ], and others founded the ]. They planned an expedition up the Missouri River to be commanded by Walker, but it was forestalled by the beginning of hostilities between England and France in the ] in 1753 (termed the French and Indian War in the colonies). In a 1756 letter Maury described the proposed expedition, which foreshadowed the ]:


"Some persons were to be sent in search of that river Missouri, if that be the right name of it, in order to discover whether it had any communication with the Pacific Ocean; they were to follow the river if they found it, and exact reports of the country they passed through, the distances they traveled, what worth of navigation those rivers and lakes afforded, etc.”<ref>Jackson, Donald 1981. Thomas Jefferson and the Rocky Mountains: Exploring the West from Monticello. University of Oklahoma Press</ref> "Some persons were to be sent in search of that river Missouri, if that be the right name of it, in order to discover whether it had any communication with the Pacific Ocean; they were to follow the river if they found it, and exact reports of the country they passed through, the distances they traveled, what worth of navigation those rivers and lakes afforded, etc."<ref>Jackson, Donald 1981. Thomas Jefferson and the Rocky Mountains: Exploring the West from Monticello. University of Oklahoma Press</ref>


==Family== ==Family==
Maury married Mary Walker (born November 22, 1724, in ]), on November 11, 1743, in ]. Mary was the daughter of Anne and Captain James Walker.<ref name=pecquet>Pecquet du Bellet, Louise (1907). ''Some Prominent Virginia Families'', Vol. IV, pp. 390-91. J. P. Bell Company.</ref> Rev. James Maury married Mary Walker (born November 22, 1724, in ]), on November 11, 1743, in ]. Mary was the daughter of Captain James and Anne Walker.<ref name=pecquet>Pecquet du Bellet, Louise (1907). ''Some Prominent Virginia Families'', Vol. IV, pp. 390-91. J. P. Bell Company.</ref>


Their children were: Their children were:
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==The Parson's Cause== ==The Parson's Cause==
Maury opposed the colony's passage of the ] of 1757, which proposed to pay clergy a set amount in cash rather than in tobacco, as had been the rule. The Crown had vetoed the colony's act and asserted clergy must be paid in tobacco. Maury sued the parish collectors, who gathered required payment for clergy, for the full amount of his salary in tobacco. This suit, known in American history as the ], was an important legal and political dispute in the ] as it involved the question of taxation, and whether it was controlled by the colony or the Crown. It is considered an important event contributing to the American Revolution.<ref>Campbell, Charles (1860). ''History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia'', p. 518. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott and Co.</ref> Maury opposed the colony's passage of the ] of 1757, which proposed to pay clergy a set amount in cash rather than in tobacco, as had been the rule. The Crown had vetoed the colony's act and asserted that clergy must be paid in tobacco. Maury sued the parish collectors, who gathered the payment required for the clergy, for the full amount of his salary in tobacco. This suit, known in American history as the ], was an important legal and political dispute in the ] as it involved the question of taxation, and whether it was controlled by the colony or the Crown. It is considered an important event contributing to the American Revolution.<ref>Campbell, Charles (1860). ''History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia'', p. 518. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott and Co.</ref>


The case was defended by Peter Lyons, afterward president of the ], and opposed by ]. He denounced the interference of the King in setting aside the colony's law as treason to the people of ]. Maury won the lawsuit but the jury awarded him only one penny in damages.<ref>Wiley, Edwin, & Rines, Irving E. eds. (1916). ''Lectures on the Growth and Development of the United States'', Vol. 2, p. 130. New York: American Educational Alliance</ref> He continued to hold the esteem of the people of Virginia. Afterward Maury wrote a letter discussing the case, which became known as "The Parson's Opinion of 'The Parson's Cause'". The case was defended by Peter Lyons, afterward president of the ], and opposed by ]. He denounced the interference of the King in setting aside the colony's law as treason to the people of ]. Maury won the lawsuit but the jury awarded him only one penny in damages.<ref>Wiley, Edwin, & Rines, Irving E. eds. (1916). ''Lectures on the Growth and Development of the United States'', Vol. 2, p. 130. New York: American Educational Alliance</ref> He continued to have the esteem of the people of Virginia. Afterward Maury wrote a letter discussing the case, which became known as "The Parson's Opinion of 'The Parson's Cause'".


Maury and Henry had some animosity for a time as a result of the case. Later Martha Henry, the attorney's eldest daughter, married John Fontaine, a near relation of Maury.<ref>Saunders, James Edmonds (1899) (2001 reprint). ''Early Settlers of Alabama'', p. 298. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc.</ref> They managed the Henry plantation of Leatherwood after her father was elected a second time as governor of Virginia. Rev. James Maury and Patrick Henry had no animosity as a result of the case.<ref>Saunders, James Edmonds (1899) (2001 reprint). ''Early Settlers of Alabama'', p. 298. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc.</ref> Later Martha Henry, the attorney's eldest daughter, married John Fontaine, a near relation of Rev. James Maury, and whose ancestor was Rev. Peter Fontaine. They had the common ancestor of John de la Fontaine. (John Fontaine (6 Aug 1750, Hanover Co., Va; d. 14 Apr 1792, Henry Co., Va.) married Martha Henry 1774, Hanover Co., Va. (b. Jun 1755, Hanover Co., Va; d. 1818, Charlotte Co., Va.) They managed the Henry plantation of Leatherwood after her father was elected a second time as governor of Virginia.
:issue:

# Martha Henry Fontaine b. 4 Jul 1781; d. 12 Sep 1845, Ponotoc, MS.
# William Winston Fontaine b. 25 Nov 1786, Henry Co., VA; d. Nov 1816.
# Patrick Henry Fontaine
# Charles B. Fontaine
# John J. Fontaine b. 1788; d. 3 Jan 1852.


==Descendants== ==Descendants==
Maury's eldest son, ] (1746–1840), was appointed as the United States' first overseas consul. ] petitioned then ] ] for his appointment. Maury became America's first ] to ], ], a position which he held from 1790 to 1829. He resigned due to ] politics. Maury's eldest son, ] (1746–1840), was appointed as the United States' first overseas consul. ] petitioned then ] ] for his appointment. Maury became America's first ] to ], ], a position which he held from 1790 to 1829. He resigned due to ] politics.

⚫ During this overseas appointment, both he and his nephew ] (born in 1806) had opportunities to discuss and study the ] lectures (mainly ]) of ], published in 1807. "Consul" James Maury's portrait still hangs in Liverpool Town Hall.


{{Maury family tree|state=expanded}}
⚫ During this overseas appointment, both he and his nephew ] (born in 1806) had opportunities to discuss and study the ] lectures (mainly ]) of ], published in 1807. "Consul" James Maury's portrait still hangs today in Liverpool Town Hall.


==Notes== ==Notes==
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*] *]
* ''The Maury Family Tree,'' compiled by Sue C. West-Teague * ''The Maury Family Tree,'' compiled by Sue C. West-Teague
*Scott, Arthur P. "The Parson's Cause Case" “The Constitutional Aspects of the Parson’s Cause,” ''Political Science Quarterly'' 31 (Dec. 1916): 558-77 *Scott, Arthur P. "The Parson's Cause Case" "The Constitutional Aspects of the Parson's Cause," ''Political Science Quarterly'' 31 (Dec. 1916): 558-77
*McCants, David A., "The Authenticity of James Maury's Account of Patrick Henry's Speech in the Parsons' Cause", ''Southern Speech Communication Journal'', 42 (1976). *McCants, David A., "The Authenticity of James Maury's Account of Patrick Henry's Speech in the Parsons' Cause", ''Southern Speech Communication Journal'', 42 (1976).
*, Virginia center for Digital History] *, Virginia center for Digital History
*, Virginia center for Digital History] *, Virginia center for Digital History]
*] *]


==External links== ==External links==
*{{wikisource author-inline|James Maury}} *{{wikisource author-inline}}
* *


{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}

{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->
| NAME = Maury, James
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American cleric
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1719
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1760
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maury, James}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Maury, James}}
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 06:26, 16 January 2025

American minister For the U.S. diplomat, see James Maury (consul).

James Maury (1718–1769) was a prominent Virginia educator and Anglican cleric during the American Colonial period and the progenitor of the prominent Maury political family. The Reverend James Maury was a participant with the notable lawsuit that became known as "The Parson's Cause" in 1763, in which the young attorney Patrick Henry argued that the colony had the right to establish its own method of payment to clergy (which had been vetoed by the Crown).

Born in Dublin of French Protestant "Huguenot" ancestry, James Maury came to the Virginia colony as an infant with his parents. He attended The College of William and Mary and then established his own classical school for boys, where he taught the young Thomas Jefferson among others. In February 1742, Maury went to England and was ordained as an Anglican cleric of the established Church of England. Returning to Virginia, The Reverend James Maury was in charge for one year of a parish in King William County and then served for 18 years in Louisa County at Fredericksville Parish. He was highly regarded for his piety and learning. Maury was in charge of this parish until his death on June 9, 1769.

Early life and education

He was the son of Matthew Maury, a French Huguenot, who was born in Castel Mauron, in Gascony, and his wife, Mary Anne Fontaine, daughter of Rev. James Fontaine and Anne Elizabeth Boursiquot. James Maury was born per his tombstone, April 8, 1717, in Dublin. Soon after his birth, the family emigrated to the Virginia colony, where hundreds of Huguenot refugees had settled above the falls of the James River during the early 1700s.

Maury was tutored and attended The College of William and Mary. After ordination to the Anglican ministry on July 31, 1742, he was appointed usher of its grammar school.

Career

Educator

Maury had a private school where he taught the classics, manners and morals, mathematics, literature, history and geography. Most of Reverend Maury's pupils boarded at his school. Thomas Jefferson became one of his pupils for two years after the death of his father Peter Jefferson in 1757 and is said to have learned more about the classics from Maury than from any other instructor.

Reverend Maury's school is memorialized in a historical marker located near Gordonsville in Albemarle County, Virginia.

Ordained ministry

Ordained in 1742, The Reverend Maury first served for a year in King William County, then served in Louisa County and Fredericksville Parish.

Loyal Land Company

In 1749 Maury became enthusiastic about expeditions to the west and, together with Peter Jefferson, Dr. Thomas Walker, Joshua Fry, and others founded the Loyal Company of Virginia. They planned an expedition up the Missouri River to be commanded by Walker, but it was forestalled by the beginning of hostilities between England and France in the Seven Years' War in 1753 (termed the French and Indian War in the colonies). In a 1756 letter Maury described the proposed expedition, which foreshadowed the Lewis and Clark Expedition:

"Some persons were to be sent in search of that river Missouri, if that be the right name of it, in order to discover whether it had any communication with the Pacific Ocean; they were to follow the river if they found it, and exact reports of the country they passed through, the distances they traveled, what worth of navigation those rivers and lakes afforded, etc."

Family

Rev. James Maury married Mary Walker (born November 22, 1724, in King and Queen County, Virginia), on November 11, 1743, in Louisa County, Virginia. Mary was the daughter of Captain James and Anne Walker.

Their children were:

  • Matthew Maury, b. September 10, 1744, d. May 6, 1801
  • "Consul" James Maury, b. February 3, 1746, d. February 23, 1840
  • Leonard Maury, b. June 3, 1747, d. 1747
  • Anne Maury, b. November 16, 1748, d. January 8, 1822
  • Mary Maury, b. September 17, 1750
  • Walker Maury, b. July 21, 1752, d. October 11, 1788
  • Catherine Maury, b. July 15, 1754, d. July 26, 1786
  • Elizabeth Maury, b. April 1, 1756
  • Abram Maury, b. April 28, 1758
  • Fontaine Maury, b. February 3, 1761, d. February 1824
  • Benjamin Maury, b. January 17, 1763
  • Richard Maury, b. May 19, 1766, d. January 31, 1843 father of Matthew Fontaine Maury
  • Matilda Hite Maury, b. October 28, 1769, d. November 7, 1821

The Parson's Cause

Maury opposed the colony's passage of the Two Penny Act of 1757, which proposed to pay clergy a set amount in cash rather than in tobacco, as had been the rule. The Crown had vetoed the colony's act and asserted that clergy must be paid in tobacco. Maury sued the parish collectors, who gathered the payment required for the clergy, for the full amount of his salary in tobacco. This suit, known in American history as the Parson's Cause, was an important legal and political dispute in the Colony of Virginia as it involved the question of taxation, and whether it was controlled by the colony or the Crown. It is considered an important event contributing to the American Revolution.

The case was defended by Peter Lyons, afterward president of the Virginia Supreme Court, and opposed by Patrick Henry. He denounced the interference of the King in setting aside the colony's law as treason to the people of Virginia. Maury won the lawsuit but the jury awarded him only one penny in damages. He continued to have the esteem of the people of Virginia. Afterward Maury wrote a letter discussing the case, which became known as "The Parson's Opinion of 'The Parson's Cause'".

Rev. James Maury and Patrick Henry had no animosity as a result of the case. Later Martha Henry, the attorney's eldest daughter, married John Fontaine, a near relation of Rev. James Maury, and whose ancestor was Rev. Peter Fontaine. They had the common ancestor of John de la Fontaine. (John Fontaine (6 Aug 1750, Hanover Co., Va; d. 14 Apr 1792, Henry Co., Va.) married Martha Henry 1774, Hanover Co., Va. (b. Jun 1755, Hanover Co., Va; d. 1818, Charlotte Co., Va.) They managed the Henry plantation of Leatherwood after her father was elected a second time as governor of Virginia.

issue:
  1. Martha Henry Fontaine b. 4 Jul 1781; d. 12 Sep 1845, Ponotoc, MS.
  2. William Winston Fontaine b. 25 Nov 1786, Henry Co., VA; d. Nov 1816.
  3. Patrick Henry Fontaine
  4. Charles B. Fontaine
  5. John J. Fontaine b. 1788; d. 3 Jan 1852.

Descendants

Maury's eldest son, James Maury (1746–1840), was appointed as the United States' first overseas consul. Thomas Jefferson petitioned then US President George Washington for his appointment. Maury became America's first consul to Liverpool, England, a position which he held from 1790 to 1829. He resigned due to Jacksonian politics.

During this overseas appointment, both he and his nephew Matthew Fontaine Maury (born in 1806) had opportunities to discuss and study the natural philosophy lectures (mainly physics) of Thomas Young, published in 1807. "Consul" James Maury's portrait still hangs in Liverpool Town Hall.

Maury family tree

Notes

  1. Nelson, John K. (2001). A Blessed Company: Parishes, Parsons, and Parishioners in Anglican Virginia, 1690-1776, p. 99. The University of North Carolina Press.
  2. Fontaine, John; ed. by Alexander, Edward Porter (1972). The Journal of John Fontaine: An Irish Huguenot Son in Spain and Virginia, 1710-1719, p. 130. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.
  3. Fontaine, James, & Mary, Ann (1852). Memoirs of a Huguenot Family, p. 240. G. P. Putnam's Sons
  4. Brodie, Fawn M. (1974). Thomas Jefferson: An Intimate History, p. 54. W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
  5. Malone, Dumas (1948). Jefferson, the Virginian, Little Brown and Company
  6. Salmon, John S.; Peters, Margaret T.; Virginia Department of Historic Resources (1994). A Guidebook to Virginia's Historical Markers, p. 64. University of Virginia Press.
  7. Jackson, Donald 1981. Thomas Jefferson and the Rocky Mountains: Exploring the West from Monticello. University of Oklahoma Press
  8. ^ Pecquet du Bellet, Louise (1907). Some Prominent Virginia Families, Vol. IV, pp. 390-91. J. P. Bell Company.
  9. Campbell, Charles (1860). History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia, p. 518. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott and Co.
  10. Wiley, Edwin, & Rines, Irving E. eds. (1916). Lectures on the Growth and Development of the United States, Vol. 2, p. 130. New York: American Educational Alliance
  11. Saunders, James Edmonds (1899) (2001 reprint). Early Settlers of Alabama, p. 298. Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc.

References

External links

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