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	Rachel Carson has been listed as one of the Natural sciences good articles under the good article criteria. If you can improve it further, please do so. If it no longer meets these criteria, you can reassess it.
Article milestones Date Process Result August 27, 2007 Good article nominee Listed

	Rachel Carson is a former featured article candidate. Please view the links under Article milestones below to see why the nomination was archived. For older candidates, please check the archive.
Article milestones Date Process Result May 20, 2007 Featured article candidate Not promoted

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• Talk archive

NPOV: Banned DDT to kill people

"Where DDT is used, malaria deaths plummet. Where it is not used, they skyrocket." Whilst Silent Spring and the subsequent ban of DDT may have indeed saved many birds, it is an absolute fact that it caused the death of thousands of humans in the third world, this is made as important a fact as it should be. A quick google search for 'mosquito maleria deaths DDT ban' can verify this. LaudanumCoda 16:16, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

Egg Shells

The fact that DDT contributed to thinning of the eggshells of raptors such as the bald eagle is well substantiated. -- Absolutely untrue. A quick literature search yields a number of articles showing some effect, and others showing none. --Logos

A quick literature search, as summarised by you, is not evidence. This finding is well-established and reflected in public policy. Check US EPA etc. Other edits by you give obvious evidence of POV bias (eg your suggestion that Carson failed to complete her doctorate when the next sentence indicates financial reasons for this) and have been reverted JQ 04:50, 28 May 2006 (UTC)

I added a direct cite from the EPA itself. A direct causal link to eggshell thinning in raptor species via DDT to DDE breakdown is beyond dispute. A simple look at the DDT entry on wikipedia itself provides more than enough cites and evidence on that particular point. --Dh100 09:41, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

Introductory quote removed

Not appropriate for lead section--Schmidtr1 05:45, 16 July 2006 (UTC).

I don't necessarilly disagree, make an arguement or explanation beyond 'not appropriate for lead section'. Cronos1 20:29, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

I've replaced the comment I originally placed into the introductory paragraph -- I'm not sure one way or another if this is the "introductory quote removed" reference above -- as it is more balanced and objective to provide both positive and negative aspects about controversal historical figures, including Carson. If someone wants to mention a positive (for example, "She was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom," that is fine by me. But a crucial negative -- "Carson has been criticized by some conservatives and Objectivists, who argue that her influence led to restrictions placed on DDT that have caused millions of needless human deaths from malaria." -- should not be omitted. Kind regards, Mike A. Smith96.224.2.238 17:16, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

A book named "Spring Time"?

I removed an edit stating that Carson's first book was named "Spring Time". I cannot find a reference for this and suspect it is an erroneous reference to "Silent Spring". If I'm wrong, please accept my apology and add the edit back with a citation. Jeendan 00:55, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

Protection from anon vandals

It seems to me that this article is vandalized often enough that it should be protected from editing by anonymous IPs. Has this been discussed before?--Hjal 05:49, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

Not sure what kind of luck you will have, but I would support such a protection.Cronos1 17:44, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

For future reference, requests for page protection should go to WP:RfPP. However, in this case, I'm not sure semiprotection would be appropriate yet - the amount of vandalism doesn't seem to justify any protection at this point. Thanks! Flcelloguy (A note?) 01:54, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

Conservative criticism of Carson in Legacy section

Earlier, the article simply mentioned that Human Events Magazine called her book dangerous with no background as to why. I added links to CDC malaria statistics and Forbes magazine that explain conservative objections to Carson.A.V. 15:48, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

Several users have removed linked information relevant to Human Events Magazine and conservative criticism of Rachel Carson. I'm agreeable to changes in wording, however, it makes no sense to reference conservative objection to Carson's work without explaining why. Should this article be protected until a moderator can be brought in? A.V. 16:56, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

The most recent edit by Yilloslime is reasonable and ends my objections in this section.

Carson has been criticized by some conservatives, who argue that restrictions placed on DDT have caused needless malaria deaths. For example, the conservative magazine Human Events gave Silent Spring an honorable mention for Ten Most Harmful Books of the 19th and 20th Centuries.

A.V. 17:39, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

Works for me, too. On the other hand, the CDC did not say that "800,000 child deaths a year could be avoided if not for the ban on DDT" on the page cited or anywhere else, so I'll chop that out, then we can all be happy. Gzuckier 19:56, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

I object to calling these so-called critics 'conservative'. There is nothing inherently 'conservative' about limiting the public's ability to regulate a dangerous chemical. I don't know that this issue differs greatly from, say, the rejection of evolution, certainly some would identify themselves as Conservative, but not all, and there are definately conservatives who would be offended if one assumed that 'Conservative' means they don't believe in evolution. I strongly recommend a different term, one that implies the primacy of economic capitol in public policy. Cronos1 22:12, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

Most of the people (actually all of the people i can think of) who propagate variations on the "rachel carson killed more people than hilter" line are either self described conservatives, affiliated with conservative or libertarian think tanks, or are primarily published in conservative forums. see for example Michael Fumento, Steven Milloy, Paul Driessen, Alan Caruba, Roger Bate, etc... While you no doubt may be able to dig up a few liberals (self described or otherwise) that might also buy into this line of thought, the majority of those who repeat this (and certainly the loudest voices) are conservatives, thus it is fair and appropriate to described them as such. Yilloslime 23:06, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

I would sumbit that similar logic applies to a number of other issues, that people wishing to radicalize conservatism would like to identify as "conservative". I am pretty sure that one could find surveys of self-identified conservatives where the majority believe in taking care of the environment and believe policy should be grounded in scientific data as opposed to private sector profits. I have not found a single non-policy affilated source for these smears on Carson, to call them conservative is simply not accurate.Cronos1 23:15, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

<==It is a problematic term, as is "liberal." Perhaps it should be "self-described conservatives." However, Human Events introduces the list of harmful books as follows:

HUMAN EVENTS asked a panel of 15 conservative scholars and public policy leaders to help us compile a list of the Ten Most Harmful Books of the 19th and 20th Centuries. Each panelist nominated a number of titles and then voted on a ballot including all books nominated. A title received a score of 10 points for being listed No. 1 by one of our panelists, 9 points for being listed No. 2, etc. Appropriately, The Communist Manifesto, by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, earned the highest aggregate score and the No. 1 listing.

The "15 scholars and public policy leaders served as judges" were:

• Arnold Beichman, Research Fellow, Hoover Institution
• Prof. Brad Birzer, Hillsdale College
• Harry Crocker, Vice President & Executive Editor, Regnery Publishing, Inc.
• Prof. Marshall DeRosa, Florida Atlantic University
• Dr. Don Devine, Second Vice Chairman, American Conservative Union
• Prof. Robert George, Princeton University
• Prof. Paul Gottfried, Elizabethtown College
• Prof. William Anthony Hay, Mississippi State University
• Herb London, President, Hudson Institute
• Prof. Mark Malvasi, Randolph-Macon College
• Douglas Minson, Associate Rector, The Witherspoon Fellowships
• Prof. Mark Molesky, Seton Hall University
• Prof. Stephen Presser, Northwestern University
• Phyllis Schlafly, President, Eagle Forum
• Fred Smith, President, Competitive Enterprise Institute

Note that Silent Spring was 25th on the list, with 9 points out of a possible 150, and may have been listed by only two judges or as many as nine. It was behind such "harmful" works as The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan (at No. 7!); On Liberty by John Stuart Mill; The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin; Coming of Age in Samoa by Margaret Mead; Unsafe at Any Speed by Ralph Nader; and Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir.

I'll check the redlinks later. --Hjal 23:27, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

Let's just call a spade a spade: The people leveling the criticism are conservatives--why should we hide this? The article doesn't say "all conservatives" feel this way, it only says that "Carson has been criticized by some conservatives, who argue..." Yilloslime 23:39, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

HJal is correct, it is a problematic term. Conservatism is much broader term than that used as a marketing tool by the extreme right. If one were to take a conservative paper, say the Wall Street Journal, and give it a new slogan, The Nation's Liberal Daily, and publish Larouche essays on the grounds that LaRouche has identified himself as a Democrat and everyone knows that Democrats like Scoop Jackson, Hubert Humphrey, Joe Lieberman as well as LaRouche are all Liberals, and otherwise publish the journal as it exists today, many Liberals would not be amused, though they would probably be powerless to stop the New Wall Street Journal from identifying itself as such. At some point you can make an arguement that that a certain belief is a Core belief of 'conservatives' or central to conservatism, but smearing Rachel Carson or advocating for spoiling the environment is not such a belief. Environmentalism is a Big Tent issue with broad appeal throughout the spectrum. 'Most of the people ...who propagate variations on the "rachel carson killed more people than hilter" line are either self described conservatives, affiliated with conservative or libertarian think tanks, or are primarily published in conservative forums. see for example Michael Fumento, Steven Milloy, Paul Driessen, Alan Caruba, Roger Bate, etc.' Libertarianism is not Conservativism. It is an extreme Right Wing idealogy. Every name on your list (that I recognize) poses as an Libertarian or an objective expert and not as a Conservative...though their views are frequently promoted in so-called 'Conservative' media. I would suggest 'Industry advocate' or 'Deregulation proponent' to be vastly more accurate and appropriate.Cronos1 01:39, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

Phyllis Schlafly, President, Eagle Forum & Fred Smith, President, Competitive Enterprise Institute call themselves conservatives but spend much of their time advocating minority positions for Conservatives. Just because you want limited Government doesn't mean you want Government eliminated except to hand out taxpayer money to corporations, etc,.

If conservative is a problematic term, "right wing" is an even more problematic one. "Industry advocate" and "Deregulation proponent" are similarly problematic, as I am sure that Human Events' and others would object to this characterization of itself, and then we'd be reduced to scouring the internet looking for articles to quote and cite to support our characterization of them as such, ortherwise we'd be accused of WP:OR.... Anyway, I do not contend, not does the article in its current state contend that conservatives, as a general rule, hate or criticize Carson, or that anti-environmentalism or pro-DDT-ism is a "core belief" of conservatism. Nor does the article imply that environmentalism is the sole purview of liberals--I agree that environmentalism is a big tent that can does include many conservatives. But at the same time, criticism of Carson on these grounds has come entirely from the right, and we should not pretend that it hasn't. (a related note: every congressman who recently voted against naming a post office after Carson, just happened to be a Republican ) If you want to change "Carson has been criticized by some conservatives" to "Carson has been criticized by some conservatives and libertarians" or "Carson has been criticized by certain conservatives (and libertarians)" I won't fight you. But I don't think we should shy away from calling a spade a spade and noting that this line of criticism comes from the right side of political spectrum. Yilloslime 02:25, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

"Industry advocate" and "Deregulation proponent" are similarly problematic.' No, they are not. To be an industry advocate is to advocate for industry. To say that we need less regulation is to be a deregulation proponent. To call those slandering Carson Conservatives is not accurate, calling them Right Wing as you and I have done on several occassions in the Talk section is (imo) accurate AND may get an NPOV flag that Wiki will probably sustain. You keep saying that you are calling a Spade a Spade and you are mistaken; you use the term Conservative like I did in my hypothetical example of the Wall Street Journal, without due regard for the meaning of the word, and incidentally, exactly like someone on the Right Wing would prefer that you do. The purpose of "Conservative" media is to attach the Conservative label to any number of ideas and issues that are not Conservative - labelling "this line of criticism comes from the right side of political spectrum" is fine as far as you can get Wiki to allow it, but being 'from the right side of political spectrum' is not the same as being 'conservative' there are people on the left that are conservative!!(this mistake is what right wingers would like others to make, THIS IS THE USE OF LANGUAGE AS A WEAPON IN PROPAGANDA/MARKETING! - if I wanted to wreck social security, and get some popular support, i'd say it was apple pie and conservative...the subtext being: keep what you have/what you know, no matter what the reality of wrecking the program might be). To be accurate and not weasil-worded, I believe you need to come up with something that is both accurate and NPOV...as I have already said, Conservative does not fit the accuracy part.Cronos1 03:29, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

I meant that "conservative" is a problematic term in general; to have a general split of Americans into "conservatives" and "liberals" causes all kinds of problems, since, in most regards, from an American perspective, the majority are "moderates," IMNSHO. As discussed above, extremists, both "radicals" and "reactionaries," seem to try to convince people who self-identify as conservative or liberal that they have to accept all of their extreme positions in order to qualify. In the 50s, and later, that seems to have meant trying to convince New Deal Democrats that they had to support Stalinism (or, at least, American Stalinists). Ever since the Reagan Revolution, it has meant that various factions on the right have demanded that everybody on their side accept that theirs is a big enough tent for the heirs of Lincoln in the GOP and white racists, theocrats, anti-semites and the Israel lobby, and God-knows-what else. However, Human Affairs and the judges mostly identify as "conservative," so I think that we are stuck with the term.--Hjal 04:49, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

Skeptical that New Deal Democrats felt any obligation to 'support Stalinism' or CPUSA (?). But yes, you are correct that radical policies identified/branded as Conservative in modern sence began with Reagan. Conservatives oppose radical change from status quo. To the extent that they want massive changes the label is inappropriate, yet the media mis-used it at the time and continues to do so. Look, if we were talking about wanting lower taxes, I believe that is a Core belief among Conservatives, it would be an appropriate label. As I said before, many of the people on Yilloslime's fairly comprehensive list do not identify themselves as conservative and while many of the channels of message have been called reactionary and sometimes inappropriately, Conservative, they tend to self-identify as 'non-partisan' and 'scientifically objective' in hopes that this posture will get the message passed off as such in the mainstream media (and all too often, they are, sadly, sucessful). That's all I have to say on the subject. I understand your POV, but I object to it for the reasons stated above. Please reconsider your position and edit accordingly.Cronos1 11:57, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

I vote that the conservative label stays. The criticism listed in the article is from two conservative magazines, Human Events and Forbes. The paragraph in question regarding criticism of Carson’s work would not make as much sense if we didn’t get to know who is doing the criticizing. As a conservative myself, I'm not ashamed of being on the side of preventing malaria deaths with the reasonable use of DDT.A.V. 14:39, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

Perhaps the problem with the use of "conservatives" in this article, looking at it from the perspective of the project rather than politics, is that the Conservatism article doesn't clearly address how and why the lunatic fringe of the right was incorporated into and mobilized by the Republican Party and the American conservative movement as a means to power, despite the opposition by (what I would consider) respectable elements of the Old Right. As a Moonbat myself, I'm glad to see the Wingnuts draggging the right into the dirt--it now seems to be moving the electoral balance a little closer to a reasonable center, if that makes sense. OTOH, it's part of what's tearing our polity apart. The Conservatism article has had problems with the inclusion of a "criticism" section--perhaps it needs one. Or perhaps it needs something else to indicate that bloggers who equate Carson to Hitler and Pol Pot are at least slightly outside the mainstream of conservative thought.--Hjal 15:31, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

Forbes and Human Events Magazine are solidly in the center of conservative thought - they are not fringe publications, unless you are so far left you can't tell the difference. Also, I resent your use of the term "wingnut" and disagree with your opinions about the "conservative movement being dragged into the dirt". Your discourse would be more at home on the Daily Kos, than on an encyclopedia entry about the life of Rachel Carson.A.V. 20:57, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

Bill to Honor Rachel Carson on Hold http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/22/AR2007052201574.html Oklahoma Sen. Tom Coburn has effectively blocked a resolution to honor environmental author Rachel Carson on the 100th anniversary of her birth, saying that her warnings about environmental damage have put a stigma on potentially lifesaving pesticides, congressional staffers said yesterday.

Sen. Benjamin L. Cardin (D-Md.) had intended to submit a resolution celebrating Carson, author of the 1962 book "Silent Spring," for her "legacy of scientific rigor coupled with poetic sensibility." Carson, a longtime resident of Silver Spring who died in 1964, would have turned 100 this Sunday.

snip

In a statement on his Web site yesterday, Coburn (R) confirmed that he is holding up the bill. In the statement, he blames Carson for using "junk science" to turn public opinion against chemicals, including DDT, that could prevent the spread of insect-borne diseases such as malaria, which is spread by mosquitoes.

snip

"Carson was the author of the now-debunked 'The Silent Spring,' " Coburn's statement reads. "This book was the catalyst in the deadly worldwide stigmatization against insecticides, especially DDT."

The controversy over Cardin's resolution -- which Sullam said was to be co-sponsored by Sens. Barbara A. Mikulski (D-Md.), Arlen Specter (R-Pa.) and Robert P. Casey Jr. (D-Pa.) -- is the second spat over Carson's legacy on Capitol Hill this year. MajorRogers 18:04, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

I've edited the page, in part to remove somebody's comment calling criticism of Carson's viewpoints and legacy "unfounded." Folks are welcome to have this opinion, but it is merely an opinion, and one which several folks disagree (including me). Kind regards, Mike A. Smith96.224.2.238 17:09, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

I agree that the recent criticism of Carson is notable and should be included in the article. But I think that devoting 31 out the 116 words in the intro to it gives it undue weight. In other words: yes it's important, but is it important enough to highlight so strongly in the intro? I think not. That's why I removed it the first time, and that's why I'm removing it again. I might be able to live with a sentence in the intro about how she was fiercely attacked in her day and continues to be even now, and leave the details of the attacks in the article. Yilloslime 17:53, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

Given Carson's negative influence, if anything, 31 words out of 116 in the introduction understates these negatives. That said, if someone can find a way to re-word that 31-word sentence to make it shorter, but still keep its point intact (that point being not that "she was fiercely attacked;" but rather, that the policies she advocated arguably led to millions of preventable human deaths) I would have no problem with that. However, outright removal of all 31 words -- and replaced by nothing -- doesn't seem to be a balanced or objective approach. I've replaced the 31 words, but will be satisfied if a shorter sentence is inserted in its place, so long as the key point remains. Kind regards, Mike A. Smith96.224.2.238 18:58, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

Oh boy. This article had something that many wikipedia articles lack--a concise, to the point, whet-your-appetite intro. If you stick the criticism in, then we might as well stick in the response to the criticism, then we end up with an intro that's no longer concise, but instead one POV vs another POV. Now how does that improve the article? BTW what you take for granted as "Carson's negative influence" is definitely not the mainstream view, ergo, shouldn't be in the intro.Yilloslime 19:33, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

After noticing that Hjal had previously reverted 96.224.2.238's edits of the introductory paragraph, I have decided revert them again as well. So right now it's two (Hjal & I) against one (96.224.2.238) if anyone is keeping track. I've also reverted his/her edits to this sentence Carson and the environmental movement have been criticized by some conservatives, who argue that restrictions placed on DDT have caused millions of needless human deaths from malaria since that's what we all agreed we could live with after some discussion, and i don't think the article is improved by splitting hairs between conservatives and Objectivists. (Yes, narrowly defined that are not exactly the same, but broadly defined, objectivism can be considered within the realm of conservative ideology. And I pray to God that I am not initiating a debate on the taxonomy of the political spectrum....)Yilloslime 01:21, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Unfortunately, the introduction lacked even the barest mention of an important part of Rachel Carson, her viewpoints, and her legacy. It's like briefly introducing Napoleon without mentioning Waterloo. A concise introduction that completely omits one big side of the story is not nearly as objective and balanced as a slightly longer introduction that briefly mentions that her actions arguably led to important adverse consequences. An introduction without even the slightest criticism is therefore misleading. One need not agree with the criticisms to acknowledge that some folks -- typically, conservatives and Objectivists; and conservatives are part of the mainstream, just as liberals are -- have made a case that Carson's legacy is a strongly negative one. That part of Carson's story merits a brief mention in the introduction, just as her positives merit mention in the introduction. Again, if someone can edit the criticism into less than 31 words, and still keep intact the main point of the criticism, I would encourage such an approach. Kind regards, Mike A. Smith96.224.2.238 01:31, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Unfortunatelu you are wrong. Suppose, hypothetically, the boy scouts started a big PR campaign, saying that Hillary Clinton had been caught smuggling cocaine across the border into Nevada. Suppose some newspapers even printed OpEds by the scouts that argued she should be jailed for this. But let's also suppose it's totally false, and verifiable so. Would the controversy merit inclusion in the intro section to the article about her? I'd say "no," it's a footnote in the long history of her. The "Rachel Carson is responsible for millions of malaria death" mumbo jumbo is the same thing: it's the view of a very small but vocal minority (CEI, AEI, Cato Institute, Ayn Rand Institute, and spin-off groups, and their few supporters on capitol hill, and it's verifiably false (see the section in the Rachel Carson article that quotes from her book, in which she basically supports DDT use in malaria control.) The point is not that we should pretend the criticism isn't out there, the point is that we should give it more weight than it deserves, and it's not notable or significant enough to warrant inclusion in the appropriately concise intro of the article, especially when it's given plenty of space in the body of the article itself. Yilloslime 01:56, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

I respectfully disagree, in many ways, and for many reasons. For example, it is not just so-called fringe publications in which articles critical of Carson have appeared. Multiple articles published by widely-read, mainstream conservative media outlets such as The Wall Street Journal and National Review have been critical of Carson. The viewpoint that Carson's legacy is a harmful one is much more widespread than "a very small... minority." I (and many others) also disagree most strenuously with the assertion that the criticisms of Carson are "verifiably false." See the quotes from her book that have not been proven true (e.g., "DDT the definite rating of a chemical carcinogen") -- please refer to http://en.wikipedia.org/Ddt#Cancer for additional information. If the criticisms are to have the weight they deserve, then the introduction should not omit all criticisms. After all, her viewpoints arguably contributed to the preventable deaths of millions of human beings. I'd call that kind of adverse consequence notable and significant. Kind regards, Mike A. Smith96.224.2.238 02:36, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

<---You have violated WP:3R, but i haven't reported you, since you may not be aware that you have. But now you do. (I also left a message for you on your talk page. So anyways, in light of this, the gentlemanly thing for you to do is to revert your reversions to the last revision of the intro by Ragesoss, or risk being reported for violating WP:3R. (I'm about to step on a plane, so fortunately or not I'm bowing out of this dispute for now. Good day!) Yilloslime 02:51, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

I was not previously aware of any such rule, as I am relatively new to Misplaced Pages. Thank you for informing me about that rule; and I apologize that I have inadvertently violated it. Nevertheless, I disagree with the notion that it would be gentlemanly for me to omit a key part of Carson's legacy from the introduction. I also disagree with the ad populem argument. Safe travels. Kind regards, Mike A. Smith96.224.2.238 03:02, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

The so-called balanced approach is not appropriate. The so-called criticisms of Carson are baseless and rely upon distortion of positions she advocated, as well as dubious causal chain of events. The criticisms are far to vague in what specific things Carson wrote or said that led to specific legislation/policy that supposedly caused anyone to get malaria. I have not seen a single credible charge about the accuracy of her statements; 'she says that one expert “now gives DDT the definite rating of a chemical carcinogen.”' from the Competitive Enterprise Institute does not challenge whether this statement was false, it just quotes it. Mr. Smith should know (as he linked to the DDT article) that the chemical is still (45 years after Silent Spring) classified as a Probable Human Carcinogen by the EPA, it is simply irresponsible to act as if DDT is harmless and that Rachel Carson is somehow culpable in a single death from malaria, let alone insist that presenting this dubious charge is somehow balanced.Cronos1 03:41, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

With all due respect, I completely disagree. Perhaps you "have not seen a single credible charge about the accuracy of her statements;" I have. For example, she terms DDT a "definite... chemical carcinogen." However, one need link only to http://en.wikipedia.org/Ddt#Cancer to find statements including "A study examined 35 workers exposed to 600 times the average DDT exposure levels over a period of 9 to 19 years. No elevated cancer risk was observed" and "Some direct studies have not found a link between DDT and breast cancer in humans." (Incidentally, those statements were not added by me; in fact I have not edited DDT at all.) It is fair to say that the alleged carcinogenic properties of DDT are a matter of debate. Some folks -- including the EPA -- say it is, or it probably is. Other folks say it is not, or it is likely not. Both sides include reputable scientists. Carson's statement that DDT is a "definite... chemical carcinogen" has not been proven, and multiple scientific studies have actually come to the opposite conclusion (that conclusion being that DDT is not carcinogenic). I have said -- and continue to say -- that Carson's positives should be amply recounted in the article. But to completely omit her negatives from the introduction, and to sideline them by making them only two sentences out of 14 paragraphs in the Legacy section, is to render the article exceedingly biased, even if inadvertently so. As such, a much more balanced approach is appropriate. And, incidentally, I would appreciate it if folks would stop deleting the comments I am adding in good faith to this talk page. It has happened twice so far. Let there not be a third time. Kind regards, Mike A. Smith96.224.2.238 04:18, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

The carcinogen quote passage is as follows:

In laboratory tests on animal subjects, DDT has produced suspicious liver tumors. Scientists of the Food and Drug Administration who reported the discovery of these tumors were uncertain how to classify them, but felt there was some "justification for considering them low grade hepatic cell carcinomas." Dr. Hueper now gives DDT the definite rating of a "chemical carcinogen."

This is hardly the same as the out-of-context claim you attribute to her, saying she herself terms DDT a "definite...chemical carcinogen." Again, taking one out-of-context line from her book and blowing it up into a charge that she caused millions of malaria deaths is simply ludicrous. The debate over the carcinogenicity of DDT has no place in this article, as Carson simply and accurately described the views of scientists at the time rather than make novel claims about DDT.--ragesoss 06:00, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

"Perhaps you "have not seen a single credible charge about the accuracy of her statements;" I have. For example..." You then go on to cite a non-credible example as Ragesoss has demonstrated, moreover, as I stated in my original comment, the source of you cite does not dispute the RCs statement's accuracy. To merit significance worthy of inclusion as a fact, there needs to be a specific charge like when RC said thus and such it was untrue AND here is the proof that it was untrue when she said it. I have read nothing approaching that. The "criticisms" I have read are not documented with any such proof. "The debate over the carcinogenicity of DDT has no place in this article." I agree, however, I do think that by showing that a regulating body still (45 years and many many tests later) considers the chemical a probable carcinogen (not a possible, there is a significant difference), that a reasonable person would have to reconsider whether their statements implying that RC was lying are fair and/or significant. Cronos1 17:05, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

"It is fair to say that the alleged carcinogenic properties of DDT are a matter of debate." Well, at some level everything is a matter of debate, but not to a degree that's worthy of mention. "Some folks -- including the EPA -- say it is, or it probably is. Other folks say it is not, or it is likely not. Both sides include reputable scientists." Again, not necessarily to a degree worthy of mention here, (anonymous "reputable" scientists vs. the EPA) because: "Carson's statement that DDT is a 'definite... chemical carcinogen' has not been proven, and multiple scientific studies have actually come to the opposite conclusion (that conclusion being that DDT is not carcinogenic)." is a misunderstanding of the axiom that you cannot prove that something is NOT a carcinogen; you can only prove that it doesn't cause a statisticaly significant increase in cancer in the number of subjects tested at the dose tested. Which is all that has been proved, in humans.

In other mammals, however, higher doses of DDT are seen to be carcinogenic; and, since there is no known or postulated mechanism for why humans would be immune (like a human-specific enzyme for detoxifying DDT and its metabolic products, for instance); and, since current well-supported theory regarding carcinogens is that, although the total danger declines with total dosage as would be expected, at no level are they absolutely harmless (similar to the case with bullets aimed at one's head, for instance); therefore DDT is in all probability a carcinogen in humans. The fact that we don't have sufficient good enough data on sufficient people exposed to sufficiently high levels to provide a statistically significant estimate of the risk does nothing to prove it's not a carcinogen, it merely establishes that the level of toxicity DDT could possibly have is not above whatever was tested. This will remain the case until large numbers of humans are fed larger quantities of DDT, and since WWII and the Nuremberg Trials, these types of human tests for substances which are most likely toxic just aren't done; so citing the lack of such data as evidence that DDT is not carcinogenic is misunderstanding and/or misleading.

Take for example, the case of AF-2 (2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylamide), used as a food preservative in Japan since the early 1960s, withdrawn from the market in 1974 when observed to be mutagenic in bacteria, confirmed when some (but not all) tests on rats linked it to benign and malignant tumors; still "no observed carcinogenicity in humans", but listed as probably carcinogen anyway. If this kind of evidence for carcinogenicity is not good enough, and you are reluctant to feed large doses of probable carcinogens to large numbers of people to see what happens, then you will have to delete most of the list of probable human carcinogens. Which, of course, would delight many industries, and that brings us back to "Rachel Carson, the biggest mass murderer ever", etc. etc. etc. But none of that really belongs in this article, does it?Gzuckier 19:47, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Ultimately, I may behoove me or someone else to create a separate page that provides the arguments for the negative aspects of Carson's legacy. (Please see http://en.wikipedia.org/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Undue_weight). Nevertheless, I still argue that the current status of the main article on Rachel Carson significantly underweights the criticisms of her and her legacy that have been published multiple times in widely-read conservative mainstream publications including but not limited to The Wall Street Journal and National Review. As stated on http://en.wikipedia.org/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Undue_weight, "Neutral point of view is a fundamental Misplaced Pages principle. According to Jimmy Wales, NPOV is 'absolute and non-negotiable.' All Misplaced Pages articles and other encyclopedic content must be written from a neutral point of view (NPOV), representing fairly and without bias all significant views (that have been published by reliable sources)." Perhaps some folks who are biased against media publications like The Wall Street Journal and National Review -- or who for whatever reason want to ignore scientific sources such as http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=6061300 -- disagree that sources like these are "reliable." Yet I don't see folks like this arguing against the reliability of left-wing media publications cited in the Rachel Carson article, such as Time magazine and The Washington Post. Not quite the intellectual consistency one would hope to find in an encyclopedia article... Kind regards, Mike A. Smith96.224.3.71 00:02, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

• "the arguments for the negative aspects of Carson's legacy" Sorry, but there are no negative aspects. There is some minor (and quite silly) rightwing hysterics propping up strawmen to squeal about, nothing more. TJ aka Teej 00:27, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

The article aleady discusses her alledged negative aspects. (and IMHO it gives her critics more attention than is warranted.) NPOV is respected. Yilloslime 02:54, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

Just a note that creating a separate article to push your own POV is a very bad idea. Articles of this kind (POV forks) are routinely deleted. As regards conservative criticism, I disagree somewhat with Yilloslime. There's plenty more to be said about the way the tobacco lobby and its creatures like Milloy and Bate, along with the LaRouche movement have slandered Carson's memory, and how people who should know better have been sucked in. JQ 08:26, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

"some folks who are biased against media publications like The Wall Street Journal and National Review -- or who for whatever reason want to ignore scientific sources such as http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgicmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=6061300 -- disagree that sources like these are "reliable." Please provide an example where a fellow editor reverted one of your edits due to the facts of publication as opposed to the use of flawed/undocumented/unsupported material contained in an article whoever published it. What is in the 1967 article 'Men with intensive occupational exposure to DDT. A clinical and chemical study', something relevant to Rachel Carson? If so and it is documented, it may be appropriate for inclusion in the article, I can promise you it won't be ignored.Cronos1 17:40, 3 June 2007 (UTC)

"Sorry, but there are no negative aspects." With all due respect, this is a completely biased, unserious response. The subsequent phrase "rightwing hysterics" further documents this particular viewpoint's left-wing bias. "NPOV is respected." Easy for someone involved in the dispute to say, when that person's viewpoint is already amply represented. "Just a note that creating a separate article to push your own POV is a very bad idea." It may very well be. It is a suggestion from Misplaced Pages. I would prefer to see a more balanced and objective approach to the Rachel Carson main article. However, it has become clear to me that multiple folks with left-wing political biases remain determined to whitewash her viewpoints and legacy. I have returned the POV tag. Is there anyone out there without a pre-determined political agenda that is available to review this? And, incidentally, more of my comments continue to be removed from this edit page without my permission. I take it as a sign of the fundamental biases inherent in some folks that they seek to censor me. Initiation -- initiation -- of censorship is utterly reprehensible. I see now that some folks believe otherwise. How cowardly of them. Kind regards, Mike A. Smith96.224.3.71 15:10, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

"Men with intensive occupational exposure to DDT. A clinical and chemical study." is an unlikely title for an article that could be used to support "criticisms of her and her legacy". Citing one study consisting of 59 men who did not have cancer (although they had a significantly higher risk of diabetes) would only be valid if Carson had stated that 59 men exposed to DDT would have cancer. (Or that they would not have a higher risk of diabetes). On a related note, I object to the slanted depiction of Russian roulette as dangerous, as the article clearly lists several people who claim to have played it and survived.Gzuckier 15:51, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

"Citing one study..." But it is not merely one study being cited. "On a related note, I object to the slanted depiction of Russian roulette..." If that's the best you can do, you might want to stick to your day job. Once again, unserious criticisms, no response as to why multiple comments of mine on the talk page have been censored, and now the removal of both my request for comment and the POV tag. If this is standard operating procedure for Misplaced Pages, I can only enjoy a hearty laugh. That said, I am optimistic for fair treatment. Let us see if such optimism proves warranted. I have re-posted the request for comment, and look forward to a serious response from an administrator, as I have yet to receive one. Kind regards, Mike A. Smith96.224.3.71 17:43, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

... and incidentally, I would hardly consider "the LaRouche movement" as part of any mainstream conservative group. Conservative criticism in places such as The Wall Street Journal and National Review is a part of the mainstream, however, and as such deserves a reasonable amount of representation in the main article. Kind regards, Mike A. Smith96.224.3.71 17:46, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

This is a content dispute (not a matter for administrator action, unless there is violation of rules going on), and most of the editors agree that the criticisms are sufficiently covered. The article mentions them briefly, and to emphasize them more would be to give the matter undue weight. Also, please do not post non-article material in the article; that is not the place for it. The proper venue for a request for comment is Misplaced Pages:Requests for comment.--ragesoss 18:09, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

I see zero evidence to support 96.224.3.71's claim that his comments have been deleted from this talk page. I've checked the page history, and no one has ever deleted anyone's comments. 96.224.3.71, are you sure you properly saving your posts? You realize that if you don't leave an edit summary you'll be prompted to click "save page" a second time...Yilloslime 20:05, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Chicago Tribune uses this article

Was Rachel Carson wrong? was in the Chicago Tribute editorial page on May 27, 2007. It clearly used Misplaced Pages's Rachel Carson article. MichaelSH 21:41, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

how so? Yilloslime 21:58, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

Rachel and Dorothy

I just happened to be monitoring changes by anonymous editors, and saw one blank out the section on Carson's relationship with Dorothy Freeman, along with the comment "unfounded." Knowing little about Carson, I spent the next hour or so reading letters which they wrote to each other. If you have not read any, and are interested in this aspect of Carson's life, I urge you to do so -- critics called them "frankly romantic," but to my eye many of them are flat-out love letters. You can see a sample at: http://niftynats.tripod.com/lesbians/carson.htm

In any event, I'm reverting the change. It looks to me like they were head over heels in love for 10 years, and that is not insignificant, nor is it unsourced. Poindexter Propellerhead 07:01, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Posthumous criticism

Yilloslime, you reverted my edits that contained two changes. The first was a change to remove a reference to a blog maintained by Eli Rabbet. The second was a reference to an article published in the WSJ with criticism from the Ugandan health services director.

While the rule against using self-published blogs as sources does allow an exception for experts in the field, a casual reading of the citation hardly sounds like it was meant to be objective. For instance, "It is truly difficult to understand someone as evil as Roger Bate", "Roger Bate's existence is a strong argument against the existence of a just God", etc. I seriously doubt this material would ever be published by an independent source with a rigorous editorial policy. I think you should find another reference for this statement.

Regarding the WSJ reference, can you explain why this was removed. It sounds like valid criticism published in a reliable source, no? Ronnotel 17:32, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

The blog cites the actual tobacco documents, so it is well sourced. There are several other blogs that go into this too, so we could cite those as well to indicate that this not just one blog's opinion. Alternatively, we could cite that actual documenst, summarize what they say, and leave out the blog links. One way or another, the info is relevant and well sourced and should stay.

As for my removal of the WSJ piece: this wiki article already discusses the critisicism of Carson by conservatives like those writing in WSJ, and links to many such articles. The WSJ piece doesn't say anything that's not already in this article, and therefore including this new one doesn't improve the article. I don't see much point in including links to every editorial that comes out attacking Carson, after all wikipedia is not a directory of links--we've got a few representive articles links already, including more doesn't make this entry any better. If you want to remove one link and replace it with the WSJ one I won't object, but as I said, i don't see how the article is improved by adding yet another anti-Carson editorial.

Sorry for removing your edits without more explaination. This entry gets vandalized so often that I'm used to simply reverting things without much discussion. Yilloslime 18:34, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Silly me - I was looking in the section labeled 'Criticism' for actual criticism. I found the material I think you are referring to in the Legacy article. Fair enough - although I think there is a room to move some of the material to the Criticism section so it is easier to find. However, I do strongly disagree with the suggestion to summarize the original documents on our own. That's WP:OR. I really think a reliable source needs to be identified for the material or it should be dropped. Ronnotel 19:14, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

I've been intending to rearrange the article so that all the postumous criticism is in the same section, but I haven't gotton around to it. If you want to take a stab it, please do. I see your point about WP:OR, but i think we could avoid WP:OR and avoid citing the blog (if that's desirable) by simply linking to the tobacco documents directly, and then summarizing them. Something like Roger Bate solicited funds from XYZ to set up AFM, in effort to "drive a stake throw the environemental movement " I don't think that would qualify as WP:OR since it's just paraphrasing the document and quoting from it. Having said that, I prefer it the way it is--linked to blog. But adding links to other the blogs that have similar posts and linking the primary resources might also be an improvement.Yilloslime 20:04, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

I am for removing the WSJ reference (as Yilloslime has done). The statement says RC made mistakes in her research. No such sentence exists in the WSJ article. Dr.Zaramba's charges are the usual generic and unsourced that industry has thrown about for years...For those of you without access, here are the relevant sentences: "The U.S. banned DDT in 1972, spurred on by environmentalist Rachel Carson’s 1962 book “Silent Spring.” Many countries in Europe and around the world followed suit. But after decades of exhaustive scientific review, DDT has been shown to not only be safe for humans and the environment, but also the single most effective anti-malarial agent ever invented." "Environmental leaders must join the 21st century, acknowledge the mistakes Carson made, and balance the hypothetical risks of DDT with the real and devastating consequences of malaria." In other words RC's "mistakes" were in not recognizing DDT was "harmless" and in not balancing "the hypothetical risks of DDT with the real and devastating consequences of malaria." If someone desperately wants this included, there ought to be a statement to the effect that RC has been accussed of not recognizing ddt is harmless and not caring about how bad malaria is by...followed by a list of the accussers.Cronos1 23:20, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

I agree with Cronos1, and I would add the this statement is the WSJ is 100% wrong: "But after decades of exhaustive scientific review, DDT has been shown to not only be safe for humans and the environment, but also the single most effective anti-malarial agent ever invented." I direct interested readers to DDT for a sampling of some of the research demonstrating DDT's harmful effects on the environment and human health, and to Malaria for a discussion of various malaria control stategies.Yilloslime 00:20, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

In the line: "It has been claimed that the recent criticism of Carson was funded by the tobacco industry, seeking to divert the attention of bodies such as the World Health Organization from campaigns against smoking. " Can we not name those people making the claim? Right now, the sentence uses weasel words.A.V. 20:46, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

I agree that the tobacco claim is weird, as is the decision to only quote "conservative magazine" Human Events and discount anything from the Wall Street Journal as just being another conservative viewpoint, and the decision to end the section with a quote from an environmentalist saying that the attempts are conservatives trying to discredit Carson. Many criticisms like this have been made by many newspapers, not just "conservative magazines"; one notable example I've seen is The Economist and it's in no way conservative. It's liberal if anything. I also find the fact that no mention is made of Africa is weird. Africa is why this controversy even exists, with huge numbers of cases of malaria and many countries still afraid to use DDT to combat the problem. The section needs a rewrite to a more neutral point of view. Again, it is NOT just conservatives making this point. Here are some sources:

• BBC
• International Herald Tribune
• Wall Street Journal

This was written by the Director of Health Services for Uganda; whether Misplaced Pages editors personally disagree with one of his assertions in the article is irrelevant. The Wall Street Journal is a reliable source for Misplaced Pages, is one of the most respected newspapers in the world, and this man is a high official in Uganda with a valid viewpoint.

• Seattle Post-Intelligencer on Rachel Carson herself

Reading this article, one would not know that the WHO recently said that malaria should be used to combat malaria in Africa; it certainly needs to be updated. To somehow imply that the WHO is being "bought" by Philip Morris to say that DDT should be used against malaria in Africa is quite a serious charge and if it is included, it should not be at the expense of expanding on what the WHO itself has said on the matter. This would also require some counterpoint evidence that DDT should NOT be used to fight malaria in Africa and the only reason the WHO is doing this is because it is receiving money from Philip Morris or Altria in order for it to be a valid point for inclusion.--Gloriamarie 19:03, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

We've discussed this before, so please read through all the comments above. But in a nutshell, the vast majority of the recent anti-Carson rhetoric has come from conservatives, therefore it only makes sense to point that out. Those leading the charge in Congress against Carson are all Republicans (see links above), and the overwhelming majority of those writing anti-Carson OpEds in the print media are conservatives, even when these OpEd are printed in "liberal" newspapers. I'm not saying that you can't find a few anti-Carson pieces written by liberals--I'm sure you can, only that most are written by conservatives (liberatarians in particular), and it's appropriate that the article point this out. I don't think we should quote from or even link to or reference every anti-carson OpEd that's come out recently, afterall wikipedia is not a directory of links. If you think that there are better or more representative examples to use than ones currently in the article, then by all means, please swap them in. (BTW, the BBC article you cite makes no mentin of Carson and is hardly an endorsement of DDT, and it's also wrong in claiming that DDT was "banned". The Wall Street Journal is solidly conservative and the IHT does't criticize Carson either. The Seattle Post article is interesting, and may represent a rare example of a liberal criticizing Carson. Although it does end with "The irony is that Carson did not call for DDT to be banned, only for its indiscriminate use to be curbed. But that was not the message that campaigners took from her messianic book," which is hardly a scathing criticism.)

The WHO's position on DDT is not as clear cut as you make it seem. There is reference to this in DDT and much discussion of this on the talk page for Steven Milloy. In another nut shell, despite the strong rhetoric of the press release, there has not been a sea change in the WHO's position on DDT. The WHO has always supported IRS with DDT and continues to. They have always been against broadcasting DDT widely into the environment, and continue to be. They goal has been--and remains--to simultaneous elimate both malaria and DDT. See the more recent statements by the Director of the World Health Organization Office on Public Health and Environment Dr Maria Neira and former head of Malaria control at WHO, Dr. Allen Schapira .

Also, no one is saying that PM bought the WHO--as you correctly point out, we'd need evidence that PM is paying the WHO and this had an effect on the WHO's policy. All the article says is the some of those who are outspoken in their criticism of Carson have ties to PM, and that their motives for advocating DDT (and disparaging Carson) are more complicated than simply compasion for dying African children. Yilloslime 20:18, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

As I posted elsewhere, from the WHO reports on their emergency disease remediation work after the 2004 tsunami "Endemic sporadic malaria close to the affected areas transm­itted by An.culicifacies, which has been considered DDT-resistant for­ many years" .

For those who need to be spoon fed their "understanding" daily by the AEI et al, this means

1. The WHO never "banned" DDT for malaria fighting
2. where it is effective
3. which is not everywhere.

Gzuckier 16:51, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

Good article nomination on hold

This article succeeds as an enthralling narrative of Carson's life, but needs to say more about her work, in particular the main findings of Silent Spring. I would suggest a new sub-section in the "Silent Spring" section, after "Research and writing" and before "Promotion and reception". This section would clearly spell out Carson's main research findings, and would include some quotes from "Silent Spring" to illustrate these. The section would go beyond general mention of "environmental concerns" and "environmental damage" and get down to the specifics. This section would provide a firm foundation for the discussion to follow.

My other main suggestion is that the lead should have inline citations which support what is being said. The quote at the end of the lead should be incorporated into the text.

And there was one sentence which didn't make sense to me: "From he spoke as much as she was physically able, however, including a notable appearance on The Today Show and speeches at several dinners held in her honor."

I've decided to put this article on hold as the article has the potential for GA status, however the issues noted above must be dealt with before GA status can be awarded. I hope that this can be addressed within the seven days allowed by on hold, and wish you all the best with your editing... -- Johnfos 08:06, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

I'm reticent to include too much of what would more properly be included in Silent Spring. However, I'll add a little bit about the text itself, as you suggest. The lead just summarizes what's in the body of the article; that's where the relevant citations are. I also disagree about incorporating the quote into the text; I prefer it set apart, but I'll wait until some of the other editors of this article have a chance to weigh in. That sentence you point out didn't make any sense to me, either; I've fixed it.--ragesoss 08:14, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

SILENT SPRING:If you reference the Silent Spring article, you will not see a real good summary of the type I believe Johnfos is requesting. Whatever is written here will attract POV, here is a stab at something I think might work: The book examined the effects of pesticides usage on the environment. “Carson argues that DDT not only indiscriminately kills insects, including beneficial species like bees, but also accumulates in the fat of birds and mammals high on the food chain, thinning eggshells and causing reproductive problems(http://discovermagazine.com/2006/dec/25-greatest-science-books/article_view?b_start:int=1&-C=).” I believe the "results" of the publication, birth of environmental movement, partial ban of DDT in US, are covered in the article. THE QUOTE: I really like it as is. A brief review of other wiki biographies, however, shows that it is somewhat unusual. Quite a lot have a quotes section.Cronos1 03:00, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

I've addressed all the issues brought up except for the quote, which I would rather leave in (and the citations in the lead, which are unnecessary).--ragesoss 03:42, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

If wikipedia hands out gold stars, you've earned one, ragesoss. Thank You for you exemplary editorship!Cronos1 04:20, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

Yes, I'm impressed too. Thanks for that... The quote is a small point and I won't mention it again. However, the lead does need references in order for it to comply with WP:LEAD and Misplaced Pages:When to cite. As was mentioned, these references will of course come from those already used in the body of the article. -- Johnfos 04:48, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

What within the lead do you think is controversial and/or likely to be challenged? I think everything in the lead would be agreed upon even by critics of Carson; it's all basically common knowledge.--ragesoss 05:00, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

I agree with ragesoss that there's nothing in the lead needing a cite. awesome job btw, ragesoss. Yilloslime 16:32, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

These are the two main parts of the lead that need citations:

"Silent Spring had an immense effect in the United States, where it spurred a reversal in national pesticide policy. mainly due to the "immense effects" and "spurred a reversal" parts.

"Her widely-praised 1951 bestseller The Sea Around Us won her financial security and recognition as an extremely gifted writer." mainly due to the "widely-praised" part.

I've added {fact} tags in the text. -- Johnfos 02:33, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Very well. I strongly disagree that those passages should be cited and will hopefully deal with that in the future as I push this toward FA level, but I've added them for now.--ragesoss 03:10, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Good Article

Congratulations, this article now meets all of the GA criteria! Johnfos 07:12, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

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