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| {{main|Appointment to the Order of Canada}} | {{main|Appointment to the Order of Canada}} | ||
| ] ], Chancellor and Principal Companion of the Order of Canada, poses with a full group of Order of Canada appointees at the 101st Investiture Ceremony Banquet in the Tent Room of ], ], ].]] | ] ], Chancellor and Principal Companion of the Order of Canada, poses with a full group of Order of Canada appointees at the 101st Investiture Ceremony Banquet in the Tent Room of ], ], ].]] | ||
| All living Canadians are eligible for any of the three |
All living Canadians are eligible for any of the three levels of the order, except federal and provincial politicians and judges while they are holding office. Multiple people who have committed the same honourable act or deed are also eligible for induction; for example, all three members of the band ] (], ], and ]) have been appointed as Officers of the order, the first time the Order of Canada was given to a group rather than an individual. All three members of the children's group ] (], ], and ]) have also been made members of the order – although, since Lilienstein is an American citizen, she was made an honorary member; citizens of other countries are eligible for honorary appointments at all three levels, though no more than five honorary appointments may be made in a year. A new member whose appointment is approved during their lifetime, but who dies prior to either the announcement of that appointment or their investiture, may be invested posthumously. The 2005 appointment of journalist ] was announced under these circumstances;<ref>. Rideau Hall announcement of Peter Jenning's posthumous appointment.</ref> his daughter, Elizabeth Jennings, accepted the insignia on her father's behalf in October, 2006.<ref> Image of Elizabeth Jennings accepting Peter Jennings Order of Canada medal</ref> The oldest person ever to be invested into the order was ], who was 106 years old at the time of his investiture in 1999.<ref>]'s Order of Canada citation </ref> | ||
| ⚫ | Though sitting politicians are ineligible for acceptance into the Order of Canada, it is commonly accepted that influential leaders, such as former prime ministers, will be appointed after they leave office. In fact, of all the prime ministers alive after the creation of the order (with the exception of recent and current prime ministers ], ], and ]), the only one not appointed to the order was ]. After losing the ] to ] in ], Diefenbaker remained a sitting ] and died while still in office in 1979, never becoming eligible. Others, such as former NDP leader ] and former Prime Minister ], were appointed after exiting politics, only to later return to elected office. There have also been several senators who were appointed to the order prior to taking office; currently there are 12 senators who belong to the order: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. Further, in the same vein as prime ministers being appointed after leaving office, every ] from ] onward has been made a Companion, with the exception of ], who is the current Chief Justice of the ]. Individuals who hold a ceremonial political office (for example a ]) are considered public servants and therefore can be invested while serving in that office. | ||
| Citizens of other countries are eligible for honorary appointments at all three levels. No more than five honorary appointments may be made in any year. | |||
| The names of inductees are announced twice annually, once around ] (]) and again around ] (]). | |||
| Although inductions are usually performed by the Governor General, the task can be delegated to another individual, such as the ] of a Canadian province. This was the case when ] was inducted into the order by ], the ], in 2002.<ref>. Accessed March 11, 2007</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| Although sitting politicians cannot be appointed to the order while in office, individuals who hold a ceremonial political office (for example a ]) are considered public servants and therefore can be invested while serving in that office. | |||
| Senators cannot be appointed while they hold office; however, there have been several senators who were appointed to the Order prior to taking office. Currently there are 12 senators who hold the Order: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. | |||
| A new member whose appointment is approved during their lifetime, but who dies prior to the announcement of that appointment or their investiture, may be invested posthumously. The 2005 appointment of journalist ] was announced under these circumstances;<ref>. Rideau Hall announcement of Peter Jenning's posthumous appointment.</ref> his daughter Elizabeth Jennings accepted the insignia on her father's behalf in October 2006.<ref> Image of Elizabeth Jennings accepting Peter Jennings Order of Canada medal</ref> | |||
| The oldest person ever to be invested into the Order was Dr. ], who was 106 years old when he was invested in 1999.<ref>]'s Order of Canada citation </ref> | |||
| ===Investiture=== | ===Investiture=== | ||
| ] ] invests a woman into the Order of Canada at an investiture ceremony in the early years of the order.]] | ] ] invests a woman into the Order of Canada at an investiture ceremony in the early years of the order.]] | ||
| Induction ceremonies are generally conducted by the Governor General at ] in ] or, on rare occasions |
Induction ceremonies are generally conducted by the Governor General at ] in ] or, on rare occasions, by the Queen herself; Elizabeth II performed her first Order of Canada investiture at Rideau Hall in August, 1973.<ref>Hubbard, R.H.; Rideau Hall; McGill-Queen's University Press; Montreal and London; 1977; p. 243</ref> The most common reason for the insignia not being presented at Rideau Hall is the recipient's inability to travel to Ottawa. An early example of this occurred in 1980 when activist athlete ] was dying of terminal cancer. A more recent example occurred in 2003 with singer-songwriter ]: in 2002, shortly before a concert, Lightfoot suffered a serious ] ] that resulted in his being in a ] for a time and months in hospital recovering. On the news of his near-death condition, Lightfoot was promoted to the rank of Companion. Since his condition left him unable to travel, Adrienne Clarkson flew to ] and presented him with the insignia in a private ceremony performed in his hospital room.<ref> ] story on Lightfoot's C.C. presentation.</ref><ref>. Gordon Lightfoot's C.C. Citation.</ref> Similarly, in 2000 ], at the age of 100, was invested as an Honorary Companion at ] in London. Rather than place the insignia on the Queen Mother, who was recovering from a hip replacement, Clarkson handed Her Majesty her badge. Her Majesty made a point of wearing it around her neck at a special lunch following the private ceremony.<ref> CBC article about Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother's investiture</ref> Inductions can also be delegated to another individual, such as a ], as was the case when ] was inducted into the order by ], the then ], in 2002.<ref>. Accessed March 11, 2007</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | Prior to Clarkson becoming Governor General of Canada, Order of Canada inductions were rarely performed outside of Rideau Hall or the Governor General's secondary residence ]. Under her tenure Clarkson held entire investment ceremonies in cities like ], and ], ]. She was also noted for delegating the duty to other individuals on certain occasions when it would have been difficult for her or the recipient to travel. | ||
| Another example is Her Majesty ]: in 2000, at the age of 100, Her Majesty was invested as an Honorary Companion at ] in London. Rather than place the insignia on the Queen Mother, who was recovering from a hip replacement, Clarkson handed Her Majesty her badge. Her Majesty made a point of wearing it around her neck at a special lunch following the private ceremony.<ref> CBC article about Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother's investiture</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | Prior to Clarkson becoming Governor General of Canada, Order of Canada inductions were rarely performed outside of Rideau Hall or the Governor General's secondary residence ]. Under her tenure Clarkson held entire investment ceremonies in cities like St. John's, Newfoundland and Vancouver, British Columbia. She was also noted for delegating the duty to other individuals on certain occasions when it would have been difficult for her or the recipient to travel. | ||
| ===Removal=== | ===Removal=== | ||
| {{main|Removal from the Order of Canada}} | {{main|Removal from the Order of Canada}} | ||
| Members can be removed from the order if the Advisory Council feels their actions have brought the order into disrepute. In order for this to be done, the Advisory Council must agree to the removal, and then send a letter to the person telling them of their decision, and requesting a response from the person in question regarding the decision. | |||
| Members can be removed from the Order if the Advisory Council feels their actions have brought it into disrepute. As of 2006, only two people have their Order of Canada stripped from them: ] and ]. Eagleson was removed from the order after being jailed for fraud in 1998.<ref> CBC account on the rise and fall of Eagleson.</ref> Ahenakew began facing calls for his removal due to ] comments he made in 2002.<ref>. CBC article on Ahenakew's comments and reactions.</ref> After being convicted on charges of wilfully promoting hatred, the Governor General and the Advisory Council told the ] that Ahenakew would be stripped of his honour, and gave him the option to surrender his badge. On ] ], the Governor General signed an order, called a revocation ordinance, stripping Ahenakew of his membership in the Order of Canada. | |||
| (In 2006 the Court of Queen's Bench for Saskatchewan, sitting on appeal of the Provincial Court decision, ordered a retrial of Ahenakew's hate crime conviction on the grounds that criminal intent had not been properly considered by the trial judge, and the Crown has chosen to take the appeal to the Court of Appeal for Saskatchewan. The Governor General's office declared that this did not change the finding that he had brought the Order of Canada into disrepute and should be expelled.)<ref> ] article on Ahenakew's removal from the Order.</ref><ref> ] confirming the CBC's report of Ahenakew's removal.</ref><ref> CBC announces the Order being revoked from Ahenakew.</ref> | |||
| As of 2006, only two people have been removed from the Order of Canada: ], who was removed from the order after being jailed for fraud in 1998,<ref> CBC account on the rise and fall of Eagleson.</ref> and ], who faced calls for his removal due to ] comments he made in 2002.<ref>. CBC article on Ahenakew's comments and reactions.</ref> After being convicted on charges of wilfully promoting hatred, the Governor General and the Advisory Council told the ] that Ahenakew would be stripped of his honour, and gave him the option to surrender his badge. Ahenakew received his letter from the Office of the Governor General, and was given until ], ], to respond, though he refused to do so. As a result, on ], ], the Governor General signed an order, called a revocation ordinance, stripping Ahenakew of his membership in the Order of Canada. Later questioning about the validity of Ahenakew's conviction did not affect the Advisroy Council's opinion that he had brought the Order of Canada into disrepute.<ref> ] article on Ahenakew's removal from the Order.</ref><ref> ] confirming the CBC's report of Ahenakew's removal.</ref><ref> CBC announces the Order being revoked from Ahenakew.</ref> Ahenakew is now required to surrender his medal and his civilian lapel pin. While there are no formal rules in place that outline a requirement for the council to retrieve the insignia, Ahenakew's lawyer ] said: "I think that once you are given a gift, and it is a gift, I don't think anyone can ask for it back," implying that Ahenakew has the right to keep the items. However, the author of the book ''],'' ], said that since the government owns the medal and the scrolls, the ] can be sent and get the items by force, though McCreery stated that he did not think the RCMP would be used in Ahenakew's situation.<ref> Globe and Mail's article on the process of removing Ahenakew from the Order.</ref> | |||
| ==Advisory Council== | ==Advisory Council== | ||
Revision as of 01:11, 17 April 2008
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The Order of Canada is the highest civilian honour in the Canadian system of honours, with membership awarded to those who exemplify the order's Latin motto, taken from Hebrews 11:16, Desiderantes meliorem patriam, meaning " desiring a better country." The order was established to recognize the lifetime contributions made by Canadians who made a major difference to Canada, as well as the efforts made by non-Canadians who have made the world better by their actions; musicians, politicians, artists, television and film stars, benefactors, and many more have been accepted into the order. The Canadian monarch, presently Elizabeth II, is Sovereign of the order, and the serving Governor General, presently Michaëlle Jean, is its Chancellor and Principal Companion. As of April, 2008, 5,479 people have been appointed to the Order of Canada.
Creation
The Order of Canada was instituted on April 17, 1967, by Queen Elizabeth II, on the advice of her then Prime Minister, Lester B. Pearson, who was assisted with the establishment of the order by John Matheson. The order was officially launched on July 1, 1967, during the 100th anniversary celebrations of the formation of the Dominion of Canada. Governor General Roland Michener was the first inductee to the order, to the level of Companion, with 90 more people appointed on July 7, 1967, including Vincent Massey, Louis St. Laurent, Hugh MacLennan, Father David Bauer, Gabrielle Roy, Donald Creighton, Thérèse Casgrain, Wilder Penfield, Arthur Lismer, and Maurice Richard. The Queen was presented with the Sovereign's badge by Michener during a visit by him to London, England, that same year, and she first wore it during a banquet in Yellowknife in July, 1970.
The creation of the order was the beginning of a Canadian honours system, and reduced the use of the honours system of the United Kingdom and some of its former Crown colonies; prior to the creation of the Order of Canada, the main order Canadians were inducted into for the above criteria was the Order of the British Empire. The order also inspired Australia and New Zealand to follow on Canada and create similar decorations: the Order of Australia and the Order of New Zealand respectively.
Grades
There are three grades (levels) of the Order of Canada, in order of precedence: Companion, Officer, and Member, each with respective post-nominal letters that its members are entitled to use. Promotions in grade are possible, however this is typically not done until at least five years after the initial appointment. For example, film director Denys Arcand was promoted from Officer to Companion. Originally, the order had only two ranks, Companion and two medals, the Medal of Courage (now the Cross of Valour) and the Medal of Service. On July 1, 1972, the levels of Officer and Member were introduced and all existing holders of the Medal of Service were made Officers. The Medal of Courage was never awarded.
Companions
Main article: List of Companions of the Order of CanadaCompanions of the Order of Canada (post-nominal: CC) have demonstrated the highest degree of merit to Canada and humanity, on the national or international scene. Up to 15 Companions are appointed each year, with a limit of 165 living Companions at any given time, save for honorary Companions; as of February 20, 2007, there were 168 living Companions, including four honorary. The constitution of the Order of Canada allows for each Governor General and his or her spouse, to become a Companion of the order upon the viceroy's appointment; thus, with her appointment to the position of Governor General, Michaëlle Jean became the 164th living Companion, and Jean-Daniel Lafond the 165th.
Officer
Officers of the Order of Canada (OC) have demonstrated an outstanding level of talent and service to Canadians, and up to 64 Officers are appointed each year, with no limit to how many may be living at one time.. As of September 29, 2005, there were 1,006 living Officers.
Member
Members of the Order of Canada (CM) have made an exceptional contribution to Canada or Canadians at a local or regional level, group, field or activity. As many as 136 Members may be appointed annually and there is no limit on how many Members may be living at one time. As of September 29, 2005, there were 1,964 living members.
Insignia
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The badge of the order is of a white enamelled snowflake design, in gilt for Companions and Officers, and in silver for Members. The central disc bears a maple leaf, in red enamel for Companions, gold for Officers, and silver for Members, all on a white enamel background, surrounded by a red enamel ring (annulus) bearing the motto of the order, and topped by a crown of St. Edward, symbolizing that the order is headed by the sovereign. The reverse is plain except for the word CANADA. The ribbon is white bordered in red stripes, similar to the Canadian flag. The chest ribbon is the same for each grade, save for a metallic maple leaf in the centre, the color of which depends on the grade that one was appointed to: red for a Companion, gold for an Officer, silver stands for Member. For civilian wear, a lapel pin is worn on the jacket, which is designed as a miniature of the medalion; an example of one being used is shown in this photo of Roméo Dallaire. The Governor General also wears a special chain during certain ceremonies, consisting of the Companion badge suspended from the shield of Canada and surmounted by the Crown. On each side, the chain is composed of two repeating elements: a white stylized snowflake and the central disc that appears on the Companion medals. At the Governor General's installation ceremony he or she is presented with the Chain of the Order of Canada and the Chain of the Order of Military Merit.
The badge (as well as the majority of the ensuing emblems in the Canadian honour system) was designed by Bruce W. Beatty, himself made a member of the order in 1990, and who, as of 2004, has been in attendance at every investiture ceremony since 1967.
When wearing medals and decorations, the Order of Canada is worn before all national orders and nearly all other Canadian decorations: only the Victoria Cross and the Cross of Valour are worn before the badge of the Order of Canada. The grades of Companion and Officer have their medals worn by a neck ribbon, while the Member grade is displayed on a chest ribbon on the left side of the jacket. Originally, protocol dictated that female appointees had to wear a ribbon bow in order to display the order's emblem, which was positioned to the left; however, in 1997 regulations were altered and, with the exception of certain special occasions laid out by the Governor General, women may wear their insignia by the same means as the men, although current Governor General, Michaëlle Jean, has taken to displaying the order with the female bow.
The insignia may be passed down as a family heirloom, and sale is discouraged. When a member of the order is upgraded to a higher rank, that individual must return their original emblem to the Chancellery. However, a number of insignias have been put up for sale, most recently in 2007 (see Sale below}. Each appointee is also granted the right to ask for a coat of arms from the Canadian Heraldic Authority if one does not already exist for them; Companions may ask the authority for the use of supporters on their personal coat of arms. The order's motto, in gold lettering on a red background, is circled around the shield, while the order's badge is suspended from the base of the shield. Because the Queen is sovereign of the order, the current Coat of Arms of Canada, in use since 1994, uses the red ribbon with the order's motto in gold.
| Companion | Officer | Member |
|---|---|---|
| Ribbon Bar | ||
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| C.C. & O.C. Ribbon | C.M. Ribbon | Female Bow | Coat of Arms |
|---|---|---|---|
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Eligibility
Main article: Appointment to the Order of Canada
All living Canadians are eligible for any of the three levels of the order, except federal and provincial politicians and judges while they are holding office. Multiple people who have committed the same honourable act or deed are also eligible for induction; for example, all three members of the band Rush (Geddy Lee, Alex Lifeson, and Neil Peart) have been appointed as Officers of the order, the first time the Order of Canada was given to a group rather than an individual. All three members of the children's group Sharon, Lois & Bram (Sharon Trostin Hampson, Lois Lilienstein, and Bramwell Morrison) have also been made members of the order – although, since Lilienstein is an American citizen, she was made an honorary member; citizens of other countries are eligible for honorary appointments at all three levels, though no more than five honorary appointments may be made in a year. A new member whose appointment is approved during their lifetime, but who dies prior to either the announcement of that appointment or their investiture, may be invested posthumously. The 2005 appointment of journalist Peter Jennings was announced under these circumstances; his daughter, Elizabeth Jennings, accepted the insignia on her father's behalf in October, 2006. The oldest person ever to be invested into the order was Cornelius Wiebe, who was 106 years old at the time of his investiture in 1999.
Though sitting politicians are ineligible for acceptance into the Order of Canada, it is commonly accepted that influential leaders, such as former prime ministers, will be appointed after they leave office. In fact, of all the prime ministers alive after the creation of the order (with the exception of recent and current prime ministers Kim Campbell, Paul Martin, and Stephen Harper), the only one not appointed to the order was John Diefenbaker. After losing the office of the Prime Minister to Lester B. Pearson in 1963, Diefenbaker remained a sitting Member of Parliament and died while still in office in 1979, never becoming eligible. Others, such as former NDP leader Ed Broadbent and former Prime Minister Joe Clark, were appointed after exiting politics, only to later return to elected office. There have also been several senators who were appointed to the order prior to taking office; currently there are 12 senators who belong to the order: Tommy Banks, Michel Biron, Roméo Dallaire, Trevor Eyton, Serge Joyal, Wilbert Keon, Jean Lapointe, Sandra Lovelace Nicholas, Frank Mahovlich, Donald Oliver, Nancy Ruth, and Hugh Segal. Further, in the same vein as prime ministers being appointed after leaving office, every Chief Justice of Canada from Robert Taschereau onward has been made a Companion, with the exception of Beverley McLachlin, who is the current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. Individuals who hold a ceremonial political office (for example a Sergeant-at-arms) are considered public servants and therefore can be invested while serving in that office.
The names of inductees are announced twice annually, once around New Year's Day (January 1) and again around Canada Day (July 1).
Investiture
Induction ceremonies are generally conducted by the Governor General at Rideau Hall in Ottawa or, on rare occasions, by the Queen herself; Elizabeth II performed her first Order of Canada investiture at Rideau Hall in August, 1973. The most common reason for the insignia not being presented at Rideau Hall is the recipient's inability to travel to Ottawa. An early example of this occurred in 1980 when activist athlete Terry Fox was dying of terminal cancer. A more recent example occurred in 2003 with singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot: in 2002, shortly before a concert, Lightfoot suffered a serious abdominal hemorrhage that resulted in his being in a coma for a time and months in hospital recovering. On the news of his near-death condition, Lightfoot was promoted to the rank of Companion. Since his condition left him unable to travel, Adrienne Clarkson flew to Toronto and presented him with the insignia in a private ceremony performed in his hospital room. Similarly, in 2000 Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, at the age of 100, was invested as an Honorary Companion at Clarence House in London. Rather than place the insignia on the Queen Mother, who was recovering from a hip replacement, Clarkson handed Her Majesty her badge. Her Majesty made a point of wearing it around her neck at a special lunch following the private ceremony. Inductions can also be delegated to another individual, such as a Lieutenant Governor, as was the case when Mervyn Wilkinson was inducted into the order by Iona Campagnolo, the then Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia, in 2002.
Prior to Clarkson becoming Governor General of Canada, Order of Canada inductions were rarely performed outside of Rideau Hall or the Governor General's secondary residence La Citadelle. Under her tenure Clarkson held entire investment ceremonies in cities like St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Vancouver, British Columbia. She was also noted for delegating the duty to other individuals on certain occasions when it would have been difficult for her or the recipient to travel.
Removal
Main article: Removal from the Order of CanadaMembers can be removed from the order if the Advisory Council feels their actions have brought the order into disrepute. In order for this to be done, the Advisory Council must agree to the removal, and then send a letter to the person telling them of their decision, and requesting a response from the person in question regarding the decision.
As of 2006, only two people have been removed from the Order of Canada: Alan Eagleson, who was removed from the order after being jailed for fraud in 1998, and David Ahenakew, who faced calls for his removal due to anti-Semitic comments he made in 2002. After being convicted on charges of wilfully promoting hatred, the Governor General and the Advisory Council told the CBC that Ahenakew would be stripped of his honour, and gave him the option to surrender his badge. Ahenakew received his letter from the Office of the Governor General, and was given until July 9, 2005, to respond, though he refused to do so. As a result, on July 11, 2005, the Governor General signed an order, called a revocation ordinance, stripping Ahenakew of his membership in the Order of Canada. Later questioning about the validity of Ahenakew's conviction did not affect the Advisroy Council's opinion that he had brought the Order of Canada into disrepute. Ahenakew is now required to surrender his medal and his civilian lapel pin. While there are no formal rules in place that outline a requirement for the council to retrieve the insignia, Ahenakew's lawyer Doug Christie said: "I think that once you are given a gift, and it is a gift, I don't think anyone can ask for it back," implying that Ahenakew has the right to keep the items. However, the author of the book The Order of Canada: Its Origins, History and Development, Christopher McCreery, said that since the government owns the medal and the scrolls, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police can be sent and get the items by force, though McCreery stated that he did not think the RCMP would be used in Ahenakew's situation.
Advisory Council
The task of the Advisory Council is to evaluate the nominations of people to the Order and see if the nominated people are worthy enough to be accepted into the Order. The Governor General of Canada makes the appointments to the Order based on recommendations from the Advisory Council. The Secretary General to the Advisory Council announces the decision of the Advisory Council to the Canada Gazette and to the public about any appointments and dismissals from the Order.
The Advisory Council, which is chaired by the Chief Justice of Canada, includes the Clerk of the Privy Council, the Deputy Minister of the Department of Canadian Heritage, the Chairperson of the Canada Council for the Arts, the President of the Royal Society of Canada, and the Chairperson of the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. As well, five members of the Order are part of the Council for a maximum three-year term. If the nomination involves a non-Canadian, the Deputy Minister of the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade will be invited by the Advisory Council to evaluate the nomination.
The current members of the Advisory Council are:
- The Right Honourable Beverley McLachlin, P.C., Chief Justice of Canada (Chair)
- Dr. Patricia Baird, O.C., O.B.C.
- Dr. Patricia A. Demers, President, the Royal Society of Canada
- Mr. Tom Jackson, O.C.
- Ms. Karen Kain, C.C., Artistic Director, the National Ballet of Canada
- Ms. Judith A. LaRocque, C.V.O., FRHSC (hon) Deputy Minister of Canadian Heritage
- Dr. Daurene E. Lewis, C.M.
- Mr. Kevin G. Lynch, Clerk of the Privy Council and Secretary to the Cabinet
- M. L. Jacques Ménard, O.C.
- Mr. J.E. (Ted) Newall, O.C.
- Ms. Bonnie M. Patterson, Chairman of the Board, Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada
Appointments
Members can be found in Category:Members of the Order of Canada and citation can be found on the Order of Canada database at gg.ca.
Non-Canadian/Honorary appointments
As of 2006, there have been only ten honorary appointments to non-Canadian citizens, and one appointee surrendered his Canadian citizenship. They are as follows:
Companion
- Nelson Mandela, the former President of South Africa (actually an honorary Canadian citizen) (1998)
- HM Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother, former Queen Consort of Canada (2000) (deceased)
- Boutros Boutros-Ghali, former Secretary-General of the United Nations (originally from Egypt) (2004)
- Václav Havel, former president of the Czech Republic (2004)
- His Highness the Aga Khan, Imam of the Shia Imami Ismaili Muslims (2005)
1. The Queen Mother, as a member of the Canadian Royal Family was a Canadian subject but not a Canadian citizen.
Officer
- Professor John Kenneth Galbraith, influential American economist; born in Ontario, but renounced his status as a British subject in August 1937 (Canadian citizenship did not exist until 1947) in order to become a U.S. citizen (1997) (deceased)
- James Hillier, inventor of the electron microscope (1997); became a U.S. citizen (deceased);
- Charles Dutoit conductor of the Montreal Symphony Orchestra (appointed 1997, invested 2002)
- Tanya Moiseiwitsch, British theatre designer for the Stratford Festival (2003) (deceased)
Member
- Lois Lilienstein, member of Sharon, Lois & Bram — U.S. citizen (2003)
- Salome Bey, musician — U.S. citizen (2006)
Other
Media baron Conrad Black became an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1990, but surrendered his Canadian citizenship to become a British life peer in 2001. Nevertheless, he remains in both the Order of Canada and the Queen's Privy Council for Canada. Due to his conviction for mail fraud in 2007, a council will meet to decide if Black will remain in the Order.
Provincial and territorial orders
Main article: Canadian provincial and territorial orders
Various Canadian provinces and territories have also created orders to award their citizens on great deeds:
- Alberta Order of Excellence
- Order of British Columbia
- Order of Manitoba
- Order of New Brunswick
- Order of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Order of Nova Scotia
- Order of Ontario
- Order of Prince Edward Island
- National Order of Quebec
- Saskatchewan Order of Merit
- Yukon Territory Order of Polaris
Each province sets up its own rules on how membership in its order is awarded, though there is no rule that Order of Canada members cannot be inducted to provincial and territorial orders. Limitations on the number of provincial order inductions every year by certain provinces has led to this being more common for people from some provinces than from others. An example would be Gordon Lightfoot being a Companion of the Order of Canada and a member of the Order of Ontario (O. Ont.). The Order of Ontario places no limit on the annual number of inductions (although it is usually around 25). The Alberta Order of Excellence is limited to 10 inductees each year. One of the few Albertans to be part of the provincial and Canadian orders is former Prime Minister Joe Clark. It is also possible to be appointed to multiple provincial orders. The late Canadian jazz great Oscar Peterson, who was born in Montreal but resided in Ontario during his later years, was simultaneously a Companion of the Order of Canada, Knight of the National Order of Quebec, and a member of the Order of Ontario.
Additional decorations
At certain periods, holders of the order were presented with other decorations. These are usually commemorative medals. Thus far, four commemorative medals have been given automatically to every living member of the Order of Canada, or the Canadian Bravery Decorations:
- Canadian Centennial Medal (1967)
- Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal (1977)
- 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal (1992)
- Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee Medal (2002)
Other provincial commemorative medals such as the Alberta Centennial Medal and the Commemorative Medal for the Centennial of Saskatchewan require independent nomination.
Sale
In 2007 it was revealed that one of the first ever issued insignia of the Order of Canada, a Medal of Service awarded originally to Quebec poet Gustave Lanctot, was put up for sale via email. Originally, the auctioneer, who had purchased the insignia for $45 at an estate sale in Montreal, and who remained anonymous, attempted to sell the insignia on eBay; however, after the bidding reached $15,000, eBay removed the item, citing its policy against the sale of government property, including "any die, seal or stamp provided by, belonging to, or used by a government department, diplomatic or military authority appointed by or acting under the authority of Her Majesty." Rideau Hall stated that selling medals was "highly discouraged," however the owner continued efforts to sell the insignia via the internet.
Further reading
- McCreery, Christopher (2005). The Order of Canada: Its Origins, History and Development. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-3940-5
See also
Notes
- "Order of Canada". Governor General of Canada. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
- Roland Michener's listing on the Order of Canada rolls.
- Governor General Adrienne Clarkson's speech at an October 30, 2004, Order of Canada investiture
- Official Website of the British Monarchy. Royal Insight Magazine: Mailbox: April 2006 Page 3
- Paul James article on British Orders.
- Announcement of Denys Arcand's promotion in the Order
- The Canadian Encyclopedia entry on the Order
- Order of Canada Constitution.
- The criteria were Honours received: C.C., Living and Records per page: All
- Insignia Worn by the Governor General
- The criteria was Honours received: O.C., Living and Records per page: All.
- The criteria was Honours received: C.M., Living and Records per page: All.
- Pictures of the backside of the various medal designs.
- Bruce W. Beatty's Membership citation
- Margaret MacMillan, Marjorie Harris and Desjardins, Anne L.; Canada's House: Rideau Hall and the invention of a Canadian home; Toronto: A.A. Knopf Canada with Otherwise Editions, 2004. ISBN 0-676-97675-1 page 58
- The Canadian Honours System: Wearing Of Orders, Decorations and medals. page 2
- Constitution of the Order Section 24-(3)-B
- http://www.pch.gc.ca/progs/cpsc-ccsp/sc-cs/arm1_e.cfm — Coat of Arms of Canada.
- Coat of arms of Michaëlle Jean, displaying the Order motto and medal.
- Governor General announces new appointments to the Order of Canada. Rideau Hall announcement of Peter Jenning's posthumous appointment.
- Image of Elizabeth Jennings accepting Peter Jennings Order of Canada medal
- Cornelius Wiebe's Order of Canada citation http://www.gg.ca/Search/honours_descript_e.asp?type=2&id=3971
- Hubbard, R.H.; Rideau Hall; McGill-Queen's University Press; Montreal and London; 1977; p. 243
- http://www.cbc.ca/stories/2003/12/13/canada/lightfoot_031213 CBC story on Lightfoot's C.C. presentation.
- http://www.gg.ca/media/doc.asp?lang=e&DocID=4090. Gordon Lightfoot's C.C. Citation.
- http://www.cbc.ca/story/canada/national/2000/10/31/queenmum001031.html CBC article about Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother's investiture
- Investiture of Member of The Order of Canada - Mr. Mervyn Wilkinson. Accessed March 11, 2007
- http://archives.cbc.ca/IDCC-1-41-1493-10073/sports/alan_eagleson/ CBC account on the rise and fall of Eagleson.
- Quebec Cree Chief wants Ahenakew to lose Order of Canada. CBC article on Ahenakew's comments and reactions.
- http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20050706.wahenakews0706/BNStory/National/ The Globe and Mail article on Ahenakew's removal from the Order.
- http://news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/cpress/20050707/ca_pr_on_na/crime_ahenakew_hate_1 Canadian Press confirming the CBC's report of Ahenakew's removal.
- http://www.cbc.ca/story/canada/national/2005/07/11/ahenakew050711.html CBC announces the Order being revoked from Ahenakew.
- http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/TPStory/LAC/20050713/AHENAKEW13/TPNational/Canada Globe and Mail's article on the process of removing Ahenakew from the Order.
- http://www.cbc.ca/news/obit/queenmother/timeline.html. Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon was appointed to the Order on 31 October 2000.
- http://gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=7732 Queen Mum's listing on the Order of Canada rolls.
- . Conrad Black's listing on the Order of Canada rolls.
- Canadian Press Black has future as a writer, but business career over, say those who know him. Written by Laura Bobak. Published July 13th, 2007. Retrieved July 16, 2007.
- http://www.gg.ca/media/doc.asp?lang=e&DocID=4090. Gordon Lightfoot's C.C. Citation.
- Canadian Press; CTV News: Order of Cda. medal auction to proceed by e-mail; January 6, 2007
External links
- search the membership list
- Governor General announces new appointments to the Order of Canada, February 3, 2006, retrieved February 6, 2006.
- Canadian Forces Honors and Awards Chart. Retrieved on June 16, 2005.
- Canadian Forces Administrative Order 18-13 Retrieved on 14 July, 2005.
- Constitution of the Order of Canada. Retrieved on July 14, 2005.
- Governor General's Order of Canada site Retrieved on 14 June, 2005.
- Modern Honors of Canada - Veteran Affairs Canada. Retrieved on June 14, 2005.
- ODM of Canada - Order of Canada. Retrieved on June 16, 2005.
- St. John Ambulance Cadets of Ontario. Retrieved on June 16, 2005.
 Orders, decorations, and medals of Canada | |
|---|---|
| Awards of valour | |
| National orders | |
| Dynastic orders | |
| Provincial orders | |
| Territorial orders | |
| Other decorations and medals | |
| Canadian honours lists | |