| Revision as of 23:24, 30 April 2008 editAltenmann (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers219,577 edits the sourced material has no relation to the topic of the article. Lenin wroite thoiusands letters← Previous edit | Revision as of 23:35, 30 April 2008 edit undoDrabj (talk | contribs)85 edits The subject in general is about Lenin's reaction to revolts. The subject in particular is about Lenin's reaction to a Penza revolt.Next edit → | ||
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| The term '''Lenin's Hanging Order''' refers to the handwritten order<ref name=ho></ref> dated ] ], written by ] instructing ]s operating in and around ] to publicly hang at least one hundred ]s; publicize their names; confiscate their grains and to |
The term '''Lenin's Hanging Order''' refers to the handwritten order<ref name=ho></ref> dated ] ], written by ] instructing ]s operating in and around ] to publicly hang at least one hundred ]s; publicize their names; confiscate their grains and to designate an unspecified number of hostages. Whether anyone was actually hanged according to this order, remains unknown. It is explained in the foonotes of Lenin's "Collected Works" <ref></ref> | ||
| <blockquote> | |||
| On August 5, 1918, a kulak revolt broke out in Kuchkino Volost, of Penza Uyezd, and soon spread to neighbouring volosts. By means of deceit and coercion, the kulaks managed to recruit many middle and even poor peasants. It was stamped out in Penza Uyezd on August 8, but the situation in the gubernia remained tense. A Left S.R. revolt started in the uyezd centre of Chembar on the night of August 18. The Penza leaders did not take sufficiently vigorous action to suppress the counter-revolutionary revolts. Lenin sent several telegrams to Penza demanding resolute measures in fighting the kulaks.</blockquote> | |||
| On 23 August 1918, the Council of Defense declared martial law in Penza (where the kulak revolt broke out), Tambov, Voronezh, Ryazan, Tula, and Orel districts for defense against attacks by White Guards and counterrevolutionaries. <ref>http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1919/aug/x01.htm</ref> | |||
| In terms of the Order, this was intended to be demonstrated to "people hundreds of kilometers around" by way of an example, in response to ] revolts in 5 '']s'' in the area. The Order was specifically addressed to ]s Kuraev, Bosh, Minkin and other Penza communists and required the recipients to acknowledge receipt of the Order by ] and to confirm the execution of the Order. | |||
| ⚫ | The order was discussed during a controversy around a 1997 ] documentary, ''Lenin's Secret Files,'' based on ]'s findings in recently opened ] archives. | ||
| The Penza area is in the ]. | |||
| The document is as follows, as published in Robert Service's biography of Lenin. | |||
| Whether anyone was actually hanged according to this order, remains unknown. At least 13 people were shot . | |||
| ⚫ | The order was discussed during a controversy around a 1997 ] documentary, ''Lenin's Secret Files,'' based on ]'s findings in recently opened ] archives. | ||
| The ] is in Russian. The ] translation into English goes as follows:<ref></ref> | |||
| <blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
| Comrades! The insurrection of five kulak districts should be pitilessly suppressed. The interests of the whole revolution require this because 'the last decisive battle' with the kulaks is now under way everywhere. An example must be demonstrated. | |||
| Send to Penza<br> | |||
| To Comrades Kuraev,<br> | |||
| Bosh, Minkin and<br> | |||
| other Penza<br> | |||
| communists<p> | |||
| *1. Hang (and make sure that the hanging takes place in full view of the people) no fewer than one hundred known kulaks, rich men, bloodsuckers. | |||
| Comrades! The revolt by the five kulak volost's must be suppressed | |||
| ⚫ | *2. Publish their names. | ||
| without mercy. The interest of the entire revolution demands this, | |||
| *3. Seize all their grain from them. | |||
| because we have now before us our final decisive battle "with the | |||
| ⚫ | *4. Designate hostages in accordance with yesterday's telegram. | ||
| kulaks." We need to set an example.<p> | |||
| *Do it in such a fashion that for hundreds of kilometres around the people might see, tremble, know, shout: they are strangling and will strangle to death the bloodsucking kulaks. | |||
| Telegraph receipt and implementation. | |||
| 1) You need to hang (hang without fail, so that the public | |||
| sees) at least 100 notorious kulaks, the rich, and the | |||
| bloodsuckers.<br> | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| 3) Take away all of their grain.<br> | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| telegram.<p> | |||
| This needs to be accomplished in such a way, that people for | |||
| hundreds of miles around will see, tremble, know and scream out: | |||
| let's choke and strangle those blood-sucking kulaks.<p> | |||
| Telegraph us acknowledging receipt and execution of this.<p> | |||
| Yours, Lenin<p> | |||
| P.S. Use your toughest people for this.'' | |||
| </blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
| Yours, Lenin. | |||
| Find some truly hard people<ref>Translation of 'hanging order' by Robert Service, page 365 of his ''Lenin a Biography'' (2000). London: Macmillan</ref> | |||
| ==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
Revision as of 23:35, 30 April 2008
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The term Lenin's Hanging Order refers to the handwritten order dated August 11 1918, written by Vladimir Lenin instructing communists operating in and around Penza to publicly hang at least one hundred kulaks; publicize their names; confiscate their grains and to designate an unspecified number of hostages. Whether anyone was actually hanged according to this order, remains unknown. It is explained in the foonotes of Lenin's "Collected Works"
On August 5, 1918, a kulak revolt broke out in Kuchkino Volost, of Penza Uyezd, and soon spread to neighbouring volosts. By means of deceit and coercion, the kulaks managed to recruit many middle and even poor peasants. It was stamped out in Penza Uyezd on August 8, but the situation in the gubernia remained tense. A Left S.R. revolt started in the uyezd centre of Chembar on the night of August 18. The Penza leaders did not take sufficiently vigorous action to suppress the counter-revolutionary revolts. Lenin sent several telegrams to Penza demanding resolute measures in fighting the kulaks.
On 23 August 1918, the Council of Defense declared martial law in Penza (where the kulak revolt broke out), Tambov, Voronezh, Ryazan, Tula, and Orel districts for defense against attacks by White Guards and counterrevolutionaries.
The order was discussed during a controversy around a 1997 BBC documentary, Lenin's Secret Files, based on Robert Service's findings in recently opened Soviet archives.
The document is as follows, as published in Robert Service's biography of Lenin.
Comrades! The insurrection of five kulak districts should be pitilessly suppressed. The interests of the whole revolution require this because 'the last decisive battle' with the kulaks is now under way everywhere. An example must be demonstrated.
- 1. Hang (and make sure that the hanging takes place in full view of the people) no fewer than one hundred known kulaks, rich men, bloodsuckers.
- 2. Publish their names.
- 3. Seize all their grain from them.
- 4. Designate hostages in accordance with yesterday's telegram.
- Do it in such a fashion that for hundreds of kilometres around the people might see, tremble, know, shout: they are strangling and will strangle to death the bloodsucking kulaks.
Telegraph receipt and implementation.
Yours, Lenin.
Find some truly hard people
Notes
- Library of Congress Translation
- Lenin Collected Works, Progress Publishers, 1971, Moscow, Volume 36, page 489. "Telegram to Yevgenia Bosch"
- http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1919/aug/x01.htm
- Translation of 'hanging order' by Robert Service, page 365 of his Lenin a Biography (2000). London: Macmillan