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The Rebellion of vogt Albert was an uprising of burghers of the Polish city of Cracow in the years 1311–12.
After Cracow had been devastated during the 1241 Mongol invasion of Poland, it was re-established according to Magdeburg Law by Prince Bolesław V the Chaste in 1257 and populated with German settlers in the course of the Ostsiedlung. In 1291 the Duchy of Cracow fell to the Přemyslid king Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, himself a vassal of the Holy Roman Emperor, who in 1300 also became King of Poland. Upon the extinction of the Přemyslids in 1306, the Piast duke Władysław I the Elbow-high assumed the rule at Cracow, while in 1310 the Bohemian Kingdom passed to the House of Luxembourg. The new king John of Bohemia continued to claim the Polish royal title and moreover sought to vassalize the Piast dukes of the adjacent Silesian region.
In 1311 Vogt (wójt, reeve) Albert, administrator of Cracow, instigated a mutiny against Prince Władysław, with the goal of turning the city – then the capital of the Polish Seniorate Province – over to the Bohemian House of Luxembourg. He had the support of Bishop Jan Muskata and the Silesian duke Bolko I of Opole, who in turn was appointed stadtholder by King John, as well as of many Cracow citizens. After Władysław laid siege to the city, the revolt ended in failure. Similar rebellions took place in several other cities – particularly Sandomierz and Wieliczka, also crushed by Władysław.
Albert fled to Bohemia and his house was demolished, while the Polish Primate Archbishop Jakub Świnka of Gniezno charged Bishop Jan Muskata for being "an enemy of the Polish people". In the aftermath the City of Cracow lost many of its privileges for the support some of its burghers showed to the uprising. From Prince Władysław's view the revolt had been motivated by anti-Polish sentiments and the German citizens proved disloyal. He reacted with great severity, culminating in the implementation of the shibboleth Soczewica, koło, miele, młyn ("Lentil, wheel, it is milling, mill") to distinguish and prosecute the German-speaking minority of Cracow. After the failure of the rebellion the citizens lost their political ambitions and began to Polonize.
The uprising is perpetuated by a contemporary Latin poem De quodam advocate Cracoviensi Alberto ("About the certain reeve Albert of Cracow") written by an anonymous author.