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| ] (*c.1458 - †1523) in the ] Church in ]]] | ] (*c.1458 - †1523) in the ] Church in ]]] | ||
| The '''Frankopans''' are a ]n ] family. Also called Frankapan, Frangepán in ], and Frangipani in ]. | The '''Frankopans''' are a ]n ] family. Also called Frankapan, Frangepán in ], and Frangipani in ]. | ||
| == |
==History== | ||
| The Frankopan family |
{{Disputed section|date=September 2012}}The Frankopan family is a leading Croatian aristocratic family which dates back to the 12th Century and even earlier to Roman times.<ref name="Gliubich135"></ref> | ||
| Along with the ] family it had, in Croatian history, ranked high in terms of importance by virtue of power, wealth, fame, glory and role in Croatia's public life. They are closely connected with the ] patrician ].<ref name="Gliubich135" |
Along with the ] family it had, in Croatian history, ranked high in terms of importance by virtue of power, wealth, fame, glory and role in Croatia's public life. They are closely connected with the ] patrician ].<ref name="Gliubich135"/> The Frangipani were a Roman princely family, earlier called Onicii or Anicii. The family took the name Frangipani in the 8th Century.<ref name="Gliubich136"></ref> In 837 four brothers of the Frangipani family left Rome: Michele chose Venice as his domicile and Nicolò Dalmatia and Slavonia. The descendants of Michele obtained the island of Krk from the Venetians.<ref name="Gliubich136"/> The Frankopan family is mentioned in Croatian documents in 1133 when Dujam Frankopan is recorded as ruler and lord of the island of ] and of areas of Dalmatia. Around 1200 the family owned wide areas on the mainland, including the Castle of Ribnik, near Karlovac. | ||
| In 1227 the Mongol prince Genghis Khan advanced from Poland toward Hungary whose King, Bela IV, resisted bravely but finally had to seek refuge in Dalmatia. King Bela stayed with the Frankopans who assisted him with arms and funds and brought him into safety in Veglia and then brought him back to his own land. As reward the King gave the Frangipani the county of Segn with surrounding lands and the castle of Modrus.<ref name="Gliubich136" |
In 1227 the Mongol prince Genghis Khan advanced from Poland toward Hungary whose King, Bela IV, resisted bravely but finally had to seek refuge in Dalmatia. King Bela stayed with the Frankopans who assisted him with arms and funds and brought him into safety in Veglia and then brought him back to his own land. As reward the King gave the Frangipani the county of Segn with surrounding lands and the castle of Modrus.<ref name="Gliubich136"/> | ||
| ⚫ | In 1246 there was another war, between Frederic of Austria and Bela, who, with the assistance of the Frankopans, won a victory. As a further reward, King Bela then, by Royal Decree, created the Frankopans Lords of their territory for them and their descendants.<ref name="Gliubich136"/> | ||
| ⚫ | The Frankopans constantly supported the Catholic Church. In particular, Nikola Frankopan reconstructed the Holy House of Our Lady in 1294 in Tersatto (Trsat).<ref name="Gliubich136"/> It is recorded that, in 1291, Nikola Frankopan, sent a delegation to Nazareth to measure the Holy House after the House had been saved, presumably by the Crusaders, and brought to Trsat, or Tersatto, on the Adriatic Coast where the Frankopans had a Castle. In 1294 Nikola Frankopan, gave the Holy House to the Pope to be placed on Papal lands, at Loreto, near Ancona. | ||
| ⚫ | In 1246 there was another war, between Frederic of Austria and Bela, who, with the assistance of the Frankopans, won a victory. As a further reward, King Bela then, by Royal Decree, created the Frankopans Lords of their territory for them and their descendants.<ref name="Gliubich136" |
||
| ⚫ | Although the possessions of the family were exposed to every assault both from the east and the west, their power increased steadily until the 17th century when their lands reached further east. The ] and Frankopan families came into closer affinity by marriage ties until in the eyes of the ]an courts they had become one of the most important families of Croatia. | ||
| ⚫ | The Frankopans constantly supported the Catholic Church. In particular, Nikola Frankopan reconstructed the Holy House of Our Lady in 1294 in Tersatto (Trsat).<ref name="Gliubich136" |
||
| ⚫ | Although the possessions of the family were exposed to every assault both from the east and the west, their power increased steadily until the 17th century when their lands reached further east. The ] and Frankopan families came into closer affinity by marriage ties until in the eyes of the ]an courts they had become one of the most important families of Croatia. | ||
| In 1420 the Swedish King ] called Ivan VI Frankopan, the eldest son of the Croatian ban Nikola IV, to ] to accompany the Swedish King to the Holy Land and later to assist the King at the Court in Sweden. Ivan VI Frankopan lived in Sweden at intervals between 1420 and 1430. After his father's death he returned to his home country. His eldest son called Mattias (Matija)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.matica.hr/Kolo/kolo0202.nsf/AllWebDocs/strcic1 |title=Matica Hrvatska |publisher=Matica.hr |date=2001-11-16 |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> stayed in Sweden. | In 1420 the Swedish King ] called Ivan VI Frankopan, the eldest son of the Croatian ban Nikola IV, to ] to accompany the Swedish King to the Holy Land and later to assist the King at the Court in Sweden. Ivan VI Frankopan lived in Sweden at intervals between 1420 and 1430. After his father's death he returned to his home country. His eldest son called Mattias (Matija)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.matica.hr/Kolo/kolo0202.nsf/AllWebDocs/strcic1 |title=Matica Hrvatska |publisher=Matica.hr |date=2001-11-16 |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> stayed in Sweden. | ||
| In 1425 Emperor Sigismund confirmed the princely title of Nicolaus Frankopan and his relatives and granted the family the privileges of red wax, (Rotwachsprivilegien), i.e., the right to use red wax for their seals, a privilege reserved for sovereign families. Sigismund underlines at the end of this document that no one must ever dispute these rights of the family.<ref>Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, Vienna, Reichsadelsakt Fragiapan, 1425, Dokument 120.6 & 119.16)</ref> | In 1425 Emperor Sigismund confirmed the princely title of Nicolaus Frankopan and his relatives and granted the family the privileges of red wax, (Rotwachsprivilegien), i.e., the right to use red wax for their seals, a privilege reserved for sovereign families. Sigismund underlines at the end of this document that no one must ever dispute these rights of the family.<ref>Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, Vienna, Reichsadelsakt Fragiapan, 1425, Dokument 120.6 & 119.16)</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | Bernát Frangepans (abt. 1450 died aft.1527) paternal grandmother Dorottya de Garay, was from a prominent Hungarian noble family. Through ancestry from royal Spanish families Bernát had even ] ancestry (the Árpad dynasty founded the Kingdom of Hungary.) The famed ], who died fighting and won the title of "Hero of Sziget," became the first outstanding example of the epithet "bulwark of Christianity". The Frankopan family was persecuted after the ], where the Prince and Marquess ] led an uprising against ] King ], to make Croatia independent. He, and his brother-in-law, Petar Zrinski, were executed in ]. | ||
| ⚫ | Some lines of the family died out. The line of Stephen II Frankopan, Ban of Croatia (d. 1481), died out with Catherine Frankopan in the 16th century. The line of Sigismund Frankopan expired with Francis Frankopan, Bishop of Eger in 1542. The Thessaloniki branch died out in 1572 with Francis Frankopan, Ban of Croatia; and the Trsat branch died out with Francis Christoph Frankopan in 1671 (and in the female line with Julianna Frankopan, Countess of Traun).<ref name="books.google.sk"/> | ||
| ⚫ | Bernát Frangepans (abt. 1450 died aft.1527) paternal grandmother Dorottya de Garay, was from a prominent Hungarian noble family. Through ancestry from royal Spanish families Bernát had even ] ancestry (the Árpad dynasty founded the Kingdom of Hungary.) The famed ], who died fighting and won the title of "Hero of Sziget," became the first outstanding example of the epithet "bulwark of Christianity". The Frankopan family was persecuted after the ], where the Prince and Marquess ] led an uprising against ] King ], to make Croatia independent. He, and his brother-in-law, Petar Zrinski, were executed in ]. | ||
| Doimo III Frangipani or Frankopan'', Count of Veglia, (died 1348), married Elisabetta ''Subich'', daughter of Jakab, Count of Bribir (died after 1347).<ref>. Retrieved 2011-10-24 {{verify source|date=August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Marek |first=Miroslav |date=30 January 2009 |url=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/balkan/frangep1.html |title=Balkan:Frangepani (Frangepán) family |publisher=|accessdate=2011-10-24}}{{Self-published source|date=August 2012}}{{Better source|date=August 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | The line of Stephen II Frankopan, Ban of Croatia (d. 1481), died out with Catherine Frankopan in the 16th century. The line of Sigismund Frankopan expired with Francis Frankopan, Bishop of Eger in 1542. The Thessaloniki branch died out in 1572 with Francis Frankopan, Ban of Croatia; and the Trsat branch died out with Francis Christoph Frankopan in 1671 (and in the female line with Julianna Frankopan, Countess of Traun).<ref name="books.google.sk" |
||
| Doimo III Frangipani or Frankopan'', Count of Veglia |
One branch of the Frankopan family survived. Dr Peter Frankopan, eldest son of the present Frankopan family, Senior Fellow of Worcester College at Oxford University and Director of the University's Centre for Byzantine Studies, states that the present family split from other branches of the Frankopan family in the 14th century. From ''Doimo III Frangipani or Frankopan'', (+ 1348), Count of Veglia, married Elisabetta ''Subich'', daughter of Jakab, Count of Bribir (+ post 1347); see <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.genmarenostrum.com/pagine-lettere/letteraf/frangipani.html#Da%20cui%20la%20famiglia%20dei%20conti%20Doimi,%20poi%20Doimi%20de%20Lupis |title=Frangepan - Frankopan |publisher=Genmarenostrum.com |date= |accessdate=2011-10-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Marek |first=Miroslav |url=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/balkan/frangep1.html#D |title=Frangepan 1 |publisher=Genealogy.euweb.cz |date=2009-01-30 |accessdate=2011-10-24}}{{Self-published source|date=August 2012}}{{Better source|date=August 2012}}</ref><ref name="timesonline1"/> | ||
| == Notable members == | == Notable members of the Frankopan family include == | ||
| * ] ({{lang-hu|János}}) (died 1393). ] (governor) of Croatia. | * ] ({{lang-hu|János}}) (died 1393). ] (governor) of Croatia. | ||
| * ] (Hungarian: Miklós). Son of Ivan Frankopan. Ban of Croatia 1426-1432 | * ] (Hungarian: Miklós). Son of Ivan Frankopan. Ban of Croatia 1426-1432 | ||
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| * ] (Hungarian: Ferenc Kristóf, beheaded in 1671). Promulgated the ], known as ] in Hungary. | * ] (Hungarian: Ferenc Kristóf, beheaded in 1671). Promulgated the ], known as ] in Hungary. | ||
| == |
==Holdings== | ||
| Several of the Frankopan castles remain in ], mostly around the ] region and the island of ]. The castle at Stara Susica near ] incorporates structures going back to the ]n and ] periods. The town of ] has a medieval fortified castle, renovated in the last century in the spirit of the Romanesque. The castle and park at ] were owned by the Frankopan family until the mid-17th century. Other castles or property of the Frankopans could be found in ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and other surrounding towns. The Frankopan castle in the town of ] is currently used for open-air performances in the summer months. | Several of the Frankopan castles remain in ], mostly around the ] region and the island of ]. The castle at Stara Susica near ] incorporates structures going back to the ]n and ] periods. The town of ] has a medieval fortified castle, renovated in the last century in the spirit of the Romanesque. The castle and park at ] were owned by the Frankopan family until the mid-17th century. Other castles or property of the Frankopans could be found in ],(returned in 2002 to the present Frankopan family by the Croatian Government <ref>Karlovačka Županija, Karlovac, 2010, p. 161</ref>), ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and other surrounding towns. The Frankopan castle in the town of ] is currently used for open-air performances in the summer months. The family has major investments in Croatia. | ||
| == Recent History== | |||
| == Modern-day branch == | |||
| ⚫ | Louis Frankopan and his wife are members of the Croatian and Italian nobility.<ref>La Casata dei Lupi - I Rami Vitali". Lupis.it. Retrieved 2011-10-24.</ref> In 2006 ] published an article suggesting that the family had added Frankopan to their surname under British civil law but later published a retraction and a clarification. The Times corrected the article, stating: | ||
| One branch of the Frankopan family survived. Dr Peter Frankopan, eldest son of the present Frankopan family, Senior Fellow of Worcester College at Oxford University and Director of the University's Centre for Byzantine Studies, states that the present family split from other branches of the Frankopan family in the 14th century. From ''Doimo III Frangipani or Frankopan'', (+ 1348), Count of Veglia, married Elisabetta ''Subich'', daughter of Jakab, Count of Bribir (+ post 1347); see <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.genmarenostrum.com/pagine-lettere/letteraf/frangipani.html#Da%20cui%20la%20famiglia%20dei%20conti%20Doimi,%20poi%20Doimi%20de%20Lupis |title=Frangepan - Frankopan |publisher=Genmarenostrum.com |date= |accessdate=2011-10-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Marek |first=Miroslav |url=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/balkan/frangep1.html#D |title=Frangepan 1 |publisher=Genealogy.euweb.cz |date=2009-01-30 |accessdate=2011-10-24}}</ref>{{Self-published source|date=August 2012}}{{Better source|date=August 2012}}<ref name="timesonline1" />{{citation broken|date=September 2012}} This claim is publicly disputed in Croatia.<ref name="jutarnji-2012" /><ref name="nacional-2002" /> | |||
| ⚫ | "Since 2006 a judgment of the Italian courts has confirmed the genealogical entitlement and the right of all members of the Frankopan family to make use of the titles Princes Frankopan Frangipane Subić and Counts Doimi de Lupis, even if, for political reasons, they did not always use them. The Frankopan family did not change its name under UK law as stated above." <ref name="timesonline1">{{cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article655528.ece |title=The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion |publisher=Timesonline.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-10-24}}</ref>{{citation broken|date=September 2012}} | ||
| Louis Frankopan and his wife are members of the Croatian and Italian nobility.<ref>La Casata dei Lupi - I Rami Vitali". Lupis.it. Retrieved 2011-10-24.</ref> In 1991 Louis Doimi de Lupis Frankopan and his wife Ingrid were appointed official spokespersons for the Croatian Government.<ref>Appointment by Foreign Minister Dr Frane Vinko Golem, February, 1991</ref>{{verify credibility|date=September 2012}} Louis Frankopan was a founding member the Croatian Nobility Association,<ref name="nacional-2002" /> a private non-governmental organisation founded immediately after the end of the Croatian War of Independence in 1995, but was ejected from membership when others disputed his claim to the Frankopan name, and was later the subject of ridicule by Croatian geneaologists.<ref name="jutarnji-2012">{{cite news | url = http://www.jutarnji.hr/misteriozna-dinastija-frankopan/1015322/ | language = Croatian | title = Tajni svijet dinastije Frankopan: Dramatična istina o misterioznom međunarodnom imperiju | author = Jelena Valentić | newspaper = ] | date = 2012-03-18 | accessdate = 2012-12-09 | quote = Bilo kakvu vezu s prezimenom koje si je pripisao promptno je osporio Hrvatski plemićki zbor, asocijacija koja okuplja domaće plemenitaše. Izbacili su ga iz članstva, a ismijavali su ga i najugledniji hrvatski genealozi, nazivajući njegov pokušaj falsifikacije prezimena bijednim.}}</ref> Croatian archaeologist Ivan Mirnik publicly spoke out against Ingrid Detter on several occasions,<ref name="nacional-2002" /> and in 2002, Louis Doimi de Lupis was registered by the Croatian Nobility Association only under the name Doimi de Lupis, based on a 17th-century certification of nobility of the 13th-century Trogir family known as Dujmi.<ref name="nacional-2002">{{cite news | url = http://www.nacional.hr/clanak/13230/hrvatska-misija-laznih-frankopana | language = Croatian | title = Lažno hrvatsko plemstvo - Hrvatska misija lažnih Frankopana | newspaper = ] | issue = 358 | date = 2002-09-25 | author = Željka Godeč | accessdate = 2012-12-09 | quote = Ivan Mirnik, koji je u više navrata javnost upozoravao da “princeza Frankopan-Šubić-Zrinski zabavlja i nasmijava sve ljude s malo više povijesnog obrazovanja”, još je jednom u Vjesniku podsjetio da je posrijedi svojatanje Frankopana i cinično izrugivanje povijesti. Premda se iz krugova bliskih Hrvatskom plemićkom zboru može čuti kako njihovi članovi smatraju da reinkarnacija Frankopana narušava i njihov ugled, dosad se od njih nisu javno ogradili. Louis Doimi de Lupis 1995. bio je jedan od osnivača HPZ-a, što ga je inicirala grupa od 17 potomaka plemića posvećenih štovanju tradicije i Hrvatske, njezine povijesti i kulture. No Nacionalovu novinarku Branko Cindro dočekao je s diplomatskim objašnjenjem: “HPZ nema članova pod imenom Frankopana, niti je itko ikada tražio da mu se odobri plemićka titula kao nasljedniku Frankopana. Naš je član Louis Doimi de Lupis, on je priložio dokumente o plemićkom podrijetlu koje je komisija verificirala. Članom HPZ-a može postati onaj tko nosi prezime obitelji koja je plemenita i dokaže po muškoj liniji neprekinutost te obitelji. U slučaju Louisa Doimija de Lupisa nema nikakve dvojbe. Zbornik plemstva svjedoči o plemićkim korijenima de Lupisa, koji se prvi put spominju u 13. stoljeću u Trogiru pod imenom Dujmi. U zborniku je opisan i izgled njihova plemićkog grba.” Toj obitelji, svjedoči i Mirnik, bečki dvor potvrdio je viteški stalež, najniži plemićki rang, ali i to tek 1855. i 1865. No Branko Cindro ne poriče da je njegov pokojni otac Nikola Cindro, ugledni znanstvenik, prije pet godina razgovarao s de Lupisom i zatražio ga da zbog slučaja Frankopan svoje članstvo stavi u mirovanje. Tako su članovi HPZ-a problem lažnog plemstva stavili ad acta.}}</ref> | |||
| The judgment has executory force in all jurisdictions in Europe and elsewhere and is recognised by the Croatian Government.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}} | |||
| In 2002, the Ribnik Castle was bought by members of the present-day Frankopan family after the municipality of Ribnik sold it to them on a public tender for a total sum of 1,650,000 ].<ref name="nacional-2002" /> | |||
| Their eldest son, Peter, Senior Fellow of Worcester College at Oxford University and Director of the University's Centre for Byzantine Studies, says that the "title (of the family) is not any claim on anything. It is just a reflection of the age of the family".<ref name="timesonline1"/> | |||
| ⚫ | In 2006 ] published an article suggesting that the family had added Frankopan to their surname under British civil law but later published a retraction and a clarification. The Times corrected the article, stating: | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| In 1991 Louis Doimi de Lupis Frankopan and his wife Ingrid were appointed official spokespersons for the Croatian Government.<ref>Appointment by Foreign Minister Dr Frane Vinko Golem, February, 1991</ref>{{verify credibility|date=September 2012}} | |||
| Immediately after the end of the Croatian War of Independence, Louis Frankopan founded the Croatian Nobility Association, a private non-governmental organisation, but after internal disagreements, he resigned from the Association. | |||
| Louis Frankopan read Geology at Oxford University and then took a Degree in Philosophy at London University. He also qualified as a ], and is a member of ]. He is a ] and a banker and was for many years the vice-president of a large Brazilian bank in London. | |||
| He met his future wife at ] where they were both studying at the university. Ingrid Detter de Frankopan is a ] at ], sometime ] of LMH and of St. Antony's College, Oxford and sometime advisor on International Law to HH John Paul II, professor of international law, double doctor, D.Phil. (Oxon), Jur.Dr.(Stockholm), Lic. en droit (Paris) and Dipl. Diritto Europeo (Turin), Barrister at Lincoln's Inn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rjgaudet.com/?page_id=269 |title=Biography of Ingrid Detter de Frankopan « RJ GAUDET & ASSOCIATES L.L.C |publisher=Rjgaudet.com |date=2012-02-02 |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.linkedin.com/pub/ingrid-detter-de-frankopan/26/303/a36 |title=Ingrid Detter de Frankopan - United Kingdom | LinkedIn |publisher=Uk.linkedin.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> | |||
| The couple have five children, all educated at Oxford and/or ]. There are two daughters, Paola and Christina, and three sons, Peter, Nicholas and Lawrence, Princes Frankopan, Counts Doimi de Lupis. | |||
| Their eldest daughter, Paola, is married to ], younger son of ]. She read Classics at Cambridge University where she was a Choral Scholar and took a ''Diplôme d'Etudes Approfondis'' (M.Phil) at Paris IV, La Sorbonne in Philosophy, submitting a thesis on ''L'autorité de l'Etat'' in French.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homerenaissancefoundation.org/homeorg/patrons_detalle5255.html?id=9 |title=Homerenaissancefoundation |publisher=Homerenaissancefoundation |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> She has, as Paola Frankopan, written for ] where she is a contributing editor and for ] <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vogue.com/vogue-daily/article/my-royal-wedding-paola-de-frankopan-remembers-her-own-marriage-into-the-british-royal-family/ |title=My Royal Wedding: Paola de Frankopan Remembers Her Own Marriage into the British Royal Family |publisher=Vogue News}}</ref> She has published an introduction to the history of the Sanctuary of Trsat 'Trsatska Sveta Kuča', in Croatian. | |||
| Their eldest son Peter, D.Phil. (Oxon); M.Phil. (Oxon); M.A. (Cantab), studied Russian and French at Cambridge where he was a Choral Scholar. He then read for a doctorate in History at Oxford. He is now a historian and author of 'The First Crusade'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.co.uk/First-Crusade-Call-East/dp/1847921558 |title=The First Crusade: The Call from the East: Amazon.co.uk: Peter Frankopan: Books |publisher=Amazon.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> He is Director of Oxford University's Centre for Byzantine Research and University Lecturer at the Faculty of Modern Languages and Fellow of Worcester College, Oxford University.<ref>{{dead link|date=August 2012}}</ref> He is a Governor of Wellington College <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wellingtoncollege.org.uk/governors |title=Governors - Wellington College Website |publisher=Wellingtoncollege.org.uk |date=2010-05-12 |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> and trustee of World Monuments Fund Britain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wmf.org.uk/about/staff_and_trustees/ |title=Staff and Trustees | About | WMF Britain |publisher=Wmf.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> He says that the "title (of the family) is not any claim on anything. It is just a reflection of the age of the family".<ref name="timesonline1">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article655528.ece |title=The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion |publisher=Timesonline.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-10-24}}</ref> He maintains that his family split from other branches of the Frankopan family in the 14th century. Together with his wife, he founded Cambridge University's Frankopan Directorship for Gender Studies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gender.cam.ac.uk/people/jbrowne/frankopandirectorship/ |title=University of Cambridge Centre for Gender Studies » Frankopan Donation |publisher=Gender.cam.ac.uk |date=2009-05-11 |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> | |||
| The second daughter, Christina, is an investment banker,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.linkedin.com/pub/christina-frankopan/14/62a/23a |title=Christina Frankopan - United Kingdom | LinkedIn |publisher=Uk.linkedin.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> having read Economics at Cambridge University where she was a Choral Scholar. She is married to Patrick Nicholson, head of Communications for ''Caritas Internationalis'' in the Vatican.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.caritas.org/newsroom/media_centre_1.html |title=Media Centre - Caritas Internationalis |publisher=Caritas.org |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> | |||
| Their second son, Nicholas, read History, first at Oxford and then at Cambridge University and is M.A. (Oxon); M.Phil. (Cantab); MBA (Columbia). He won two gold Medals for Great Britain at the Junior European Championships in rowing in 1992. He is now an investment banker in London. | |||
| Louis Frankopan's wife, ], is a professor of law.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rjgaudet.com/?page_id=269 |title=Biography of Ingrid Detter de Frankopan « RJ GAUDET & ASSOCIATES L.L.C |publisher=Rjgaudet.com |date=2012-02-02 |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.linkedin.com/pub/ingrid-detter-de-frankopan/26/303/a36 |title=Ingrid Detter de Frankopan - United Kingdom | LinkedIn |publisher=Uk.linkedin.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref>{{better source|date=December 2012}} Their daughter ], is married to ] and has written for ] and for ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.homerenaissancefoundation.org/homeorg/patrons_detalle5255.html?id=9 |title=Homerenaissancefoundation |publisher=Homerenaissancefoundation |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vogue.com/vogue-daily/article/my-royal-wedding-paola-de-frankopan-remembers-her-own-marriage-into-the-british-royal-family/ |title=My Royal Wedding: Paola de Frankopan Remembers Her Own Marriage into the British Royal Family |publisher=Vogue News}}</ref> Their eldest son Peter is a historian and author.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.co.uk/First-Crusade-Call-East/dp/1847921558 |title=The First Crusade: The Call from the East: Amazon.co.uk: Peter Frankopan: Books |publisher=Amazon.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{dead link|date=August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wellingtoncollege.org.uk/governors |title=Governors - Wellington College Website |publisher=Wellingtoncollege.org.uk |date=2010-05-12 |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wmf.org.uk/about/staff_and_trustees/ |title=Staff and Trustees | About | WMF Britain |publisher=Wmf.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> | |||
| He says that the "title (of the family) is not any claim on anything. It is just a reflection of the age of the family".<ref name="timesonline1">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article655528.ece |title=The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion |publisher=Timesonline.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-10-24}}</ref>{{citation broken|date=September 2012}} He maintains that his family split from other branches of the Frankopan family in the 14th century. Together with his wife, he founded Cambridge University's Frankopan Directorship for Gender Studies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gender.cam.ac.uk/people/jbrowne/frankopandirectorship/ |title=University of Cambridge Centre for Gender Studies » Frankopan Donation |publisher=Gender.cam.ac.uk |date=2009-05-11 |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> | |||
| The youngest son ] served as one of the witnesses to the marriage of ], and ] |
The youngest son, Lawrence, read History at ], London and was then Visiting Scholar in History at ], Oxford. He is a sports agent and was first with IMG in tennis division and then appointed the Head of Lagardère Unlimited (UK) in London.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lagardere.com/press-room/press-releases/press-releases-363.html&idpress=4522 |title=Lagardère - Press releases |publisher=Lagardere.com |date=2010-02-03 |accessdate=2012-08-16}}</ref> He is now Head of his own company StarWing Sports Management. In October 2012, he served as one of the witnesses to the marriage of ], and ]. | ||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| Line 75: | Line 89: | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| == |
==References== | ||
| {{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
| == |
==External links== | ||
| * |
*The family site , (Italian language), contains photos of Lord and Lady Nicholas, their first son Albert, and members of the Lupis family. Retrieved 26 September 2009. As of 26 September 2009, this was the only source online that had the name of the second son as ''Leopold Ernest Augustus Guelph Windsor''. This name has been confirmed 1 November by an official announcement sent to family members: "PAOLA AND NICHOLAS ANNOUNCE WITH JOY THE BIRTH OF THEIR SECOND SON LEOPOLD A BROTHER TO ALBERT BORN ON THE 8th OF SEPTEMBER 2009 8lb 2oz". | ||
| * |
* (Italian language) hosted by ''Società Genealogica Italiana - SGI''. Retrieved 26 September 2009. The page calls Lady Nicholas Windsor "S.A.R. Lady Paola Luisa Marica Doimi de Lupis de Frankopan Subich", and her sons "S.A.R. Lord Albert (Bertie) Louis Philip Edward Windsor" and "S.A.R. Lord Leopold Ernest Augustus Guelph Windsor", reflecting Italian protocol and customs according to the "Cerimoniale della Presidenza della Repubblica Italiana", which states that all the members of sovereign and reigning families that visit Italy are addressed as "Le Loro Altezze Reali", (LLAARR) (]) or "Sua Altezza Reale" "SAR" (]) etc. (see the official site of "Ministero degli affari Esteri - Cerimoniale diplomatico"). | ||
| {{Croatian nobility}} | {{Croatian nobility}} | ||
| {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. --> | |||
| | NAME = Frankopan, Princes, Counts Doimi de Lupis | |||
| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Frankopan Doimi de Lupis | |||
| }} | |||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:House Of Frankopan}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:House Of Frankopan}} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
Revision as of 09:57, 30 December 2012
| House of Frankopan | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| Founded | 1118 |
| Titles | Counts of Krk, Modruš, and Trsat |
| Estate(s) | of Croatia |
The Frankopans are a Croatian noble family. Also called Frankapan, Frangepán in Hungarian, and Frangipani in Italian.
History
 | This section's factual accuracy is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced. (September 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
The Frankopan family is a leading Croatian aristocratic family which dates back to the 12th Century and even earlier to Roman times.
Along with the Zrinski family it had, in Croatian history, ranked high in terms of importance by virtue of power, wealth, fame, glory and role in Croatia's public life. They are closely connected with the Roman patrician Frangipani family. The Frangipani were a Roman princely family, earlier called Onicii or Anicii. The family took the name Frangipani in the 8th Century. In 837 four brothers of the Frangipani family left Rome: Michele chose Venice as his domicile and Nicolò Dalmatia and Slavonia. The descendants of Michele obtained the island of Krk from the Venetians. The Frankopan family is mentioned in Croatian documents in 1133 when Dujam Frankopan is recorded as ruler and lord of the island of Krk and of areas of Dalmatia. Around 1200 the family owned wide areas on the mainland, including the Castle of Ribnik, near Karlovac.
In 1227 the Mongol prince Genghis Khan advanced from Poland toward Hungary whose King, Bela IV, resisted bravely but finally had to seek refuge in Dalmatia. King Bela stayed with the Frankopans who assisted him with arms and funds and brought him into safety in Veglia and then brought him back to his own land. As reward the King gave the Frangipani the county of Segn with surrounding lands and the castle of Modrus.
In 1246 there was another war, between Frederic of Austria and Bela, who, with the assistance of the Frankopans, won a victory. As a further reward, King Bela then, by Royal Decree, created the Frankopans Lords of their territory for them and their descendants.
The Frankopans constantly supported the Catholic Church. In particular, Nikola Frankopan reconstructed the Holy House of Our Lady in 1294 in Tersatto (Trsat). It is recorded that, in 1291, Nikola Frankopan, sent a delegation to Nazareth to measure the Holy House after the House had been saved, presumably by the Crusaders, and brought to Trsat, or Tersatto, on the Adriatic Coast where the Frankopans had a Castle. In 1294 Nikola Frankopan, gave the Holy House to the Pope to be placed on Papal lands, at Loreto, near Ancona.
Although the possessions of the family were exposed to every assault both from the east and the west, their power increased steadily until the 17th century when their lands reached further east. The Zrinski and Frankopan families came into closer affinity by marriage ties until in the eyes of the European courts they had become one of the most important families of Croatia.
In 1420 the Swedish King Erik of Pomerania called Ivan VI Frankopan, the eldest son of the Croatian ban Nikola IV, to Sweden to accompany the Swedish King to the Holy Land and later to assist the King at the Court in Sweden. Ivan VI Frankopan lived in Sweden at intervals between 1420 and 1430. After his father's death he returned to his home country. His eldest son called Mattias (Matija) stayed in Sweden.
In 1425 Emperor Sigismund confirmed the princely title of Nicolaus Frankopan and his relatives and granted the family the privileges of red wax, (Rotwachsprivilegien), i.e., the right to use red wax for their seals, a privilege reserved for sovereign families. Sigismund underlines at the end of this document that no one must ever dispute these rights of the family.
Bernát Frangepans (abt. 1450 died aft.1527) paternal grandmother Dorottya de Garay, was from a prominent Hungarian noble family. Through ancestry from royal Spanish families Bernát had even Árpad ancestry (the Árpad dynasty founded the Kingdom of Hungary.) The famed Nikola Šubić Zrinski, who died fighting and won the title of "Hero of Sziget," became the first outstanding example of the epithet "bulwark of Christianity". The Frankopan family was persecuted after the Zrinski-Frankopan conspiracy, where the Prince and Marquess Fran Krsto Frankopan led an uprising against Habsburg King Leopold I, to make Croatia independent. He, and his brother-in-law, Petar Zrinski, were executed in Wiener Neustadt.
Some lines of the family died out. The line of Stephen II Frankopan, Ban of Croatia (d. 1481), died out with Catherine Frankopan in the 16th century. The line of Sigismund Frankopan expired with Francis Frankopan, Bishop of Eger in 1542. The Thessaloniki branch died out in 1572 with Francis Frankopan, Ban of Croatia; and the Trsat branch died out with Francis Christoph Frankopan in 1671 (and in the female line with Julianna Frankopan, Countess of Traun).
Doimo III Frangipani or Frankopan, Count of Veglia, (died 1348), married Elisabetta Subich, daughter of Jakab, Count of Bribir (died after 1347).
One branch of the Frankopan family survived. Dr Peter Frankopan, eldest son of the present Frankopan family, Senior Fellow of Worcester College at Oxford University and Director of the University's Centre for Byzantine Studies, states that the present family split from other branches of the Frankopan family in the 14th century. From Doimo III Frangipani or Frankopan, (+ 1348), Count of Veglia, married Elisabetta Subich, daughter of Jakab, Count of Bribir (+ post 1347); see
Notable members of the Frankopan family include
- Ivan Frankopan (Template:Lang-hu) (died 1393). Ban (governor) of Croatia.
- Nikola Frankopan (Hungarian: Miklós). Son of Ivan Frankopan. Ban of Croatia 1426-1432
- Nikola Frankopan (Hungarian: Miklós) (died 1456-1458). Son of Ban Nikola Frankopan. co-Ban of Croatia.
- Ivan VII Frankopan - ruled the Principality of Krk 1451–1480
- Stjepan Frankopan (Hungarian: István) (died 1481). Son of co-Ban Nikola Frankopan. Ban of Croatia.
- Christoph Frankopan (Hungarian: Kristóf) (died 1527). Grandson of Ban Stjepan Frankopan. Ban of Croatia, 1527.
- Katarina Zrinska (Hungarian: Katalin) (died 1673). Daughter of Ban Vuk Krsto Frankopan. Married Petar Zrinski, Ban of Croatia.
- Franjo Frankopan, co-Ban of Croatia, 1567-1573.
- Nikola IX Frankopan of Tržac (Tersacz), Ban of Croatia 1617-1622.
- Fran Krsto Frankopan (Hungarian: Ferenc Kristóf, beheaded in 1671). Promulgated the Zrinski-Frankopan conspiracy, known as Wesselényi conspiracy in Hungary.
Holdings
Several of the Frankopan castles remain in Croatia, mostly around the Gorski kotar region and the island of Krk. The castle at Stara Susica near Trsat incorporates structures going back to the Illyrian and Roman periods. The town of Bosiljevo has a medieval fortified castle, renovated in the last century in the spirit of the Romanesque. The castle and park at Severin na Kupi were owned by the Frankopan family until the mid-17th century. Other castles or property of the Frankopans could be found in Ribnik,(returned in 2002 to the present Frankopan family by the Croatian Government ), Bosiljevo, Novi Vinodolski, Ogulin, Slunj, Ozalj, Cetingrad, Trsat, and other surrounding towns. The Frankopan castle in the town of Krk is currently used for open-air performances in the summer months. The family has major investments in Croatia.
Recent History
Louis Frankopan and his wife are members of the Croatian and Italian nobility. In 2006 The Times published an article suggesting that the family had added Frankopan to their surname under British civil law but later published a retraction and a clarification. The Times corrected the article, stating:
"Since 2006 a judgment of the Italian courts has confirmed the genealogical entitlement and the right of all members of the Frankopan family to make use of the titles Princes Frankopan Frangipane Subić and Counts Doimi de Lupis, even if, for political reasons, they did not always use them. The Frankopan family did not change its name under UK law as stated above."
The judgment has executory force in all jurisdictions in Europe and elsewhere and is recognised by the Croatian Government.
Their eldest son, Peter, Senior Fellow of Worcester College at Oxford University and Director of the University's Centre for Byzantine Studies, says that the "title (of the family) is not any claim on anything. It is just a reflection of the age of the family".
In 1991 Louis Doimi de Lupis Frankopan and his wife Ingrid were appointed official spokespersons for the Croatian Government.
Immediately after the end of the Croatian War of Independence, Louis Frankopan founded the Croatian Nobility Association, a private non-governmental organisation, but after internal disagreements, he resigned from the Association.
Louis Frankopan read Geology at Oxford University and then took a Degree in Philosophy at London University. He also qualified as a Barrister, and is a member of Middle Temple. He is a businessman and a banker and was for many years the vice-president of a large Brazilian bank in London.
He met his future wife at Oxford where they were both studying at the university. Ingrid Detter de Frankopan is a professor emeritus at Stockholm University, sometime Fellow of LMH and of St. Antony's College, Oxford and sometime advisor on International Law to HH John Paul II, professor of international law, double doctor, D.Phil. (Oxon), Jur.Dr.(Stockholm), Lic. en droit (Paris) and Dipl. Diritto Europeo (Turin), Barrister at Lincoln's Inn.
The couple have five children, all educated at Oxford and/or Cambridge University. There are two daughters, Paola and Christina, and three sons, Peter, Nicholas and Lawrence, Princes Frankopan, Counts Doimi de Lupis.
Their eldest daughter, Paola, is married to Lord Nicholas Windsor, younger son of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent. She read Classics at Cambridge University where she was a Choral Scholar and took a Diplôme d'Etudes Approfondis (M.Phil) at Paris IV, La Sorbonne in Philosophy, submitting a thesis on L'autorité de l'Etat in French. She has, as Paola Frankopan, written for The Tatler where she is a contributing editor and for Vogue USA She has published an introduction to the history of the Sanctuary of Trsat 'Trsatska Sveta Kuča', in Croatian.
Their eldest son Peter, D.Phil. (Oxon); M.Phil. (Oxon); M.A. (Cantab), studied Russian and French at Cambridge where he was a Choral Scholar. He then read for a doctorate in History at Oxford. He is now a historian and author of 'The First Crusade'. He is Director of Oxford University's Centre for Byzantine Research and University Lecturer at the Faculty of Modern Languages and Fellow of Worcester College, Oxford University. He is a Governor of Wellington College and trustee of World Monuments Fund Britain. He says that the "title (of the family) is not any claim on anything. It is just a reflection of the age of the family". He maintains that his family split from other branches of the Frankopan family in the 14th century. Together with his wife, he founded Cambridge University's Frankopan Directorship for Gender Studies.
The second daughter, Christina, is an investment banker, having read Economics at Cambridge University where she was a Choral Scholar. She is married to Patrick Nicholson, head of Communications for Caritas Internationalis in the Vatican.
Their second son, Nicholas, read History, first at Oxford and then at Cambridge University and is M.A. (Oxon); M.Phil. (Cantab); MBA (Columbia). He won two gold Medals for Great Britain at the Junior European Championships in rowing in 1992. He is now an investment banker in London.
The youngest son, Lawrence, read History at King’s College, London and was then Visiting Scholar in History at New College, Oxford. He is a sports agent and was first with IMG in tennis division and then appointed the Head of Lagardère Unlimited (UK) in London. He is now Head of his own company StarWing Sports Management. In October 2012, he served as one of the witnesses to the marriage of Prince Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and Countess Stéphanie de Lannoy.
See also
References
- ^ http://books.google.sk/books?id=X_cUAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA236&lpg=RA1-PA236&dq=frangepan+csalad&source=bl&ots=ttzFaZpoQ_&sig=rvcHK0OC0APnvQtHxn1rKPApQM0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iCYzUKXuC8rEsgbmqYHoBw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=frangepan%20csalad&f=false
- ^
- ^
- "Matica Hrvatska". Matica.hr. 2001-11-16. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
- Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, Vienna, Reichsadelsakt Fragiapan, 1425, Dokument 120.6 & 119.16)
- Genmarenostrum.com. Retrieved 2011-10-24
- Marek, Miroslav (30 January 2009). "Balkan:Frangepani (Frangepán) family". Genealogy.EU. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
{{cite web}}: External link in|publisher= - "Frangepan - Frankopan". Genmarenostrum.com. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- Marek, Miroslav (2009-01-30). "Frangepan 1". Genealogy.euweb.cz. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- ^ "The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion". Timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-10-24. Cite error: The named reference "timesonline1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- Karlovačka Županija, Karlovac, 2010, p. 161
- La Casata dei Lupi - I Rami Vitali". Lupis.it. Retrieved 2011-10-24.
- Appointment by Foreign Minister Dr Frane Vinko Golem, February, 1991
- "Biography of Ingrid Detter de Frankopan « RJ GAUDET & ASSOCIATES L.L.C". Rjgaudet.com. 2012-02-02. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
- "Ingrid Detter de Frankopan - United Kingdom | LinkedIn". Uk.linkedin.com. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
- "Homerenaissancefoundation". Homerenaissancefoundation. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
- "My Royal Wedding: Paola de Frankopan Remembers Her Own Marriage into the British Royal Family". Vogue News.
- "The First Crusade: The Call from the East: Amazon.co.uk: Peter Frankopan: Books". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
- "Governors - Wellington College Website". Wellingtoncollege.org.uk. 2010-05-12. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
- "Staff and Trustees | About | WMF Britain". Wmf.org.uk. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
- "University of Cambridge Centre for Gender Studies » Frankopan Donation". Gender.cam.ac.uk. 2009-05-11. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
- "Christina Frankopan - United Kingdom | LinkedIn". Uk.linkedin.com. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
- "Media Centre - Caritas Internationalis". Caritas.org. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
- "Lagardère - Press releases". Lagardere.com. 2010-02-03. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
External links
- The family site La Casata dei Lupi, (Italian language), contains photos of Lord and Lady Nicholas, their first son Albert, and members of the Lupis family. Retrieved 26 September 2009. As of 26 September 2009, this was the only source online that had the name of the second son as Leopold Ernest Augustus Guelph Windsor. This name has been confirmed 1 November by an official announcement sent to family members: "PAOLA AND NICHOLAS ANNOUNCE WITH JOY THE BIRTH OF THEIR SECOND SON LEOPOLD A BROTHER TO ALBERT BORN ON THE 8th OF SEPTEMBER 2009 8lb 2oz".
- Doimi de Lupis genealogy (Italian language) hosted by Società Genealogica Italiana - SGI. Retrieved 26 September 2009. The page calls Lady Nicholas Windsor "S.A.R. Lady Paola Luisa Marica Doimi de Lupis de Frankopan Subich", and her sons "S.A.R. Lord Albert (Bertie) Louis Philip Edward Windsor" and "S.A.R. Lord Leopold Ernest Augustus Guelph Windsor", reflecting Italian protocol and customs according to the "Cerimoniale della Presidenza della Repubblica Italiana", which states that all the members of sovereign and reigning families that visit Italy are addressed as "Le Loro Altezze Reali", (LLAARR) (TRH) or "Sua Altezza Reale" "SAR" (HRH) etc. (see the official site of "Ministero degli affari Esteri - Cerimoniale diplomatico").