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==== Price hike controversy ==== ==== Price hike controversy ====
In September 2015, Shkreli was criticized by several health organizations<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.snopes.com/2015/09/21/daraprim/|title=Daraprim Price Hike Controversy|work=snopes.com}}</ref> for obtaining manufacturing licenses on old, out-of-patent<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2015/09/21/martin-shkreli-has-one-idea-and-its-a-bad-one|title=Martin Shkreli Has One Idea, And It’s a Bad One|work=sciencemag.org}}</ref> life-saving medicines including pyrimethamine (brand name ''Daraprim''), which is used to treat patients with ], ], some cancers, and ],<ref name=CNNMeet>{{cite web|last1=Long|first1=Heather|last2=Egan|first2=Matt|last3=Dodley|first3=Dominique|title=Meet the guy behind the $750 AIDS drug|url=http://money.cnn.com/2015/09/22/investing/aids-drug-martin-shkreli-750-cancer-drug/|website=Money.].com|accessdate=September 23, 2015|date=September 22, 2015}}</ref> and then increasing the price of the drug in the US from $13.50 to $750 per pill, a 5,455% increase.<ref name=NW20150927 /><ref name=NYTOvernight>{{cite news | agency = The New York Times | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/21/business/a-huge-overnight-increase-in-a-drugs-price-raises-protests.html| title = Drug Goes From $13.50 a Tablet to $750, Overnight| date = Sep 20, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://digg.com/2015/martin-shkreli-daraprim-turing-pharmaceuticals|title=Martin Shkreli Will No Longer Price-Gouge AIDS Patients — What To Read|work=digg.com}}</ref> In an interview with '']'', Shkreli claimed that despite the price increase patient co-pays would actually be lower, that many patients would get the drug at no cost, that the company has expanded its free drug program, and that it sells half of the drugs for one dollar.<ref> '']'', 2:30, retrieved September 23, 2015]</ref> Shkreli defended the price hike by saying, "If there was a company that was selling an Aston Martin at the price of a bicycle, and we buy that company and we ask to charge Toyota prices, I don't think that that should be a crime."<ref name="Ramsey_Aston Martin">{{cite news|last1=Ramsey|first1=Lydia|title=A pharma CEO tried to defend his decision to jack up the price of a critical drug by 5,000% — and it backfired|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/martin-shkreli-defends-daraprim-price-2015-9|publisher=Business Insider|date=22 Sep 2015}}</ref><ref name="Aston Martin_Reuters">{{cite news|last1=Reuters|title=Company hikes price of popular drug|url=http://uk.reuters.com/video/2015/09/22/company-hikes-price-of-popular-drug?videoId=365682609|agency=Reuters|date=22 Sep 2015}}</ref> In September 2015, Shkreli was criticized by several health organizations<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.snopes.com/2015/09/21/daraprim/|title=Daraprim Price Hike Controversy|work=snopes.com}}</ref> for obtaining manufacturing licenses on old, out-of-patent<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2015/09/21/martin-shkreli-has-one-idea-and-its-a-bad-one|title=Martin Shkreli Has One Idea, And It’s a Bad One|work=sciencemag.org}}</ref> life-saving medicines including pyrimethamine (brand name ''Daraprim''), which is used to treat patients with ], ], some cancers, and ],<ref name=CNNMeet>{{cite web|last1=Long|first1=Heather|last2=Egan|first2=Matt|last3=Dodley|first3=Dominique|title=Meet the guy behind the $750 AIDS drug|url=http://money.cnn.com/2015/09/22/investing/aids-drug-martin-shkreli-750-cancer-drug/|website=Money.].com|accessdate=September 23, 2015|date=September 22, 2015}}</ref> and then increasing the price of the drug in the US from $13.50 to $750 per pill, a 5,455% increase.<ref name=NW20150927 /><ref name=NYTOvernight>{{cite news | agency = The New York Times | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/21/business/a-huge-overnight-increase-in-a-drugs-price-raises-protests.html| title = Drug Goes From $13.50 a Tablet to $750, Overnight| date = Sep 20, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://digg.com/2015/martin-shkreli-daraprim-turing-pharmaceuticals|title=Martin Shkreli Will No Longer Price-Gouge AIDS Patients — What To Read|work=digg.com}}</ref> In an interview with '']'', Shkreli claimed that despite the price increase patient co-pays would actually be lower, that many patients would get the drug at no cost, that the company has expanded its free drug program, and that it sells half of the drugs for one dollar.<ref> '']'', 2:30, retrieved September 23, 2015]</ref> Shkreli defended the price hike by saying, "If there was a company that was selling an Aston Martin at the price of a bicycle, and we buy that company and we ask to charge Toyota prices, I don't think that that should be a crime."<ref name="Ramsey_Aston Martin">{{cite news|last1=Ramsey|first1=Lydia|title=A pharma CEO tried to defend his decision to jack up the price of a critical drug by 5,000% — and it backfired|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/martin-shkreli-defends-daraprim-price-2015-9|publisher=Business Insider|date=22 Sep 2015}}</ref><ref name="Aston Martin_Reuters">{{cite news|last1=Reuters|title=Company hikes price of popular drug|url=http://uk.reuters.com/video/2015/09/22/company-hikes-price-of-popular-drug?videoId=365682609|agency=Reuters|date=22 Sep 2015}}</ref>


The price increase<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonkblog/wp/2015/09/21/how-an-obscure-drugs-4000-price-increase-might-finally-spur-action-on-soaring-health-care-costs/|title=How an obscure drug’s 4,000% price increase might finally spur action on soaring health-care costs|author=Carolyn Johnson|date=21 September 2015|work=Washington Post}}</ref> has been criticized by ],<ref name=CNNMeet/> the HIV<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hivplusmag.com/treatment/2015/09/24/mad-men-star-talks-expert-about-drug-cost-was-raised-5000-percent-overnight|title=Mad Men Actor Talks to Expert About Meds Whose Price Was Raised Nearly 5000 Percent Overnight|work=HIVPlusMag.com}}</ref> Medicine Association,<ref name="hivma">{{cite web | url=http://www.hivma.org/uploadedFiles/HIVMA/HomePageContent/PyrimethamineLetter.pdf | title=Letter from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the HIV Medicine Association (HIVMA) | publisher=Infectious Diseases Society of America | work=hivma | accessdate=September 23, 2015}}</ref> the ],<ref name=NYTOvernight/> the lobbying group ],<ref name=BloombergTargeted>{{cite web|last1=Bloomfield|first1=Doni|title=Drug CEO Targeted by Clinton Is Criticized by Drug Lobby|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-09-22/big-pharma-lobby-group-forswears-drugmaker-targeted-by-clinton|website=].com|accessdate=September 23, 2015|date=September 22, 2015}}</ref> ],<ref name="trump_bi">{{cite web | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-martin-shkreli-daraprim-drug-cost-2015-9 | title=Donald Trump trashes former hedge-fund guy who jacked up drug price: 'He looks like a spoiled brat' | publisher=Business Insider | accessdate=September 23, 2015 | author=LoGiurato, Brett}}</ref> and ].<ref name=WaPoMoron>{{cite web|last1=Eunjung Cha|first1=Ariana|title=CEO who raised price of old pill more than $700 calls journalist a ‘moron’ for asking why|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2015/09/21/ceo-of-company-that-raised-the-price-of-old-pill-hundreds-of-dollars-overnight-calls-journalist-a-moron-for-asking-why/|website=]|accessdate=September 23, 2015|date=September 22, 2015}}</ref> The record label ] publicly ended its business relationship with Shkreli, who had invested in the company.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/sep/25/record-label-cuts-ties-hedge-fund-boosted-aids-drug-price-martin-shkreli|title=Label cuts ties with hedge fund man who boosted Aids drug price 5,000%|work=The Guardian|date=September 25, 2015|accessdate=September 28, 2015}}</ref> The price increase<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonkblog/wp/2015/09/21/how-an-obscure-drugs-4000-price-increase-might-finally-spur-action-on-soaring-health-care-costs/|title=How an obscure drug’s 4,000% price increase might finally spur action on soaring health-care costs|author=Carolyn Johnson|date=21 September 2015|work=Washington Post}}</ref> has been criticized by ],<ref name=CNNMeet/> the HIV<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hivplusmag.com/treatment/2015/09/24/mad-men-star-talks-expert-about-drug-cost-was-raised-5000-percent-overnight|title=Mad Men Actor Talks to Expert About Meds Whose Price Was Raised Nearly 5000 Percent Overnight|work=HIVPlusMag.com}}</ref> Medicine Association,<ref name="hivma">{{cite web | url=http://www.hivma.org/uploadedFiles/HIVMA/HomePageContent/PyrimethamineLetter.pdf | title=Letter from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the HIV Medicine Association (HIVMA) | publisher=Infectious Diseases Society of America | work=hivma | accessdate=September 23, 2015}}</ref> the ],<ref name=NYTOvernight/> the lobbying group ],<ref name=BloombergTargeted>{{cite web|last1=Bloomfield|first1=Doni|title=Drug CEO Targeted by Clinton Is Criticized by Drug Lobby|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-09-22/big-pharma-lobby-group-forswears-drugmaker-targeted-by-clinton|website=].com|accessdate=September 23, 2015|date=September 22, 2015}}</ref> ],<ref name="trump_bi">{{cite web | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-martin-shkreli-daraprim-drug-cost-2015-9 | title=Donald Trump trashes former hedge-fund guy who jacked up drug price: 'He looks like a spoiled brat' | publisher=Business Insider | accessdate=September 23, 2015 | author=LoGiurato, Brett}}</ref> and ].<ref name=WaPoMoron>{{cite web|last1=Eunjung Cha|first1=Ariana|title=CEO who raised price of old pill more than $700 calls journalist a ‘moron’ for asking why|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2015/09/21/ceo-of-company-that-raised-the-price-of-old-pill-hundreds-of-dollars-overnight-calls-journalist-a-moron-for-asking-why/|website=]|accessdate=September 23, 2015|date=September 22, 2015}}</ref> The record label ] publicly ended its business relationship with Shkreli, who had invested in the company.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/sep/25/record-label-cuts-ties-hedge-fund-boosted-aids-drug-price-martin-shkreli|title=Label cuts ties with hedge fund man who boosted Aids drug price 5,000%|work=The Guardian|date=September 25, 2015|accessdate=September 28, 2015}}</ref>
Line 97: Line 97:
On October 22, 2015, Imprimis Pharmaceuticals said it would begin selling a very similar, but not identical drug, for $1 per pill.<ref>, NBC News, October 22, 2015</ref> On October 22, 2015, Imprimis Pharmaceuticals said it would begin selling a very similar, but not identical drug, for $1 per pill.<ref>, NBC News, October 22, 2015</ref>


On November 23, 2015, Turing announced that the company would not reduce the ] of Daraprim, but that they planned instead to negotiate volume discounts for hospitals of up to 50%.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-24/drugmaker-turing-suggests-it-won-t-cut-list-price-of-daraprim|title=Drugmaker Turing Suggests It Won't Cut List Price of Daraprim|work=]|date=November 24, 2015}}</ref> '']'' journalist Andrew Pollack wrote that these programs "are standard for companies selling extremely high-priced drugs. They enable the patients to get the drug while pushing most of the costs onto insurance companies and taxpayers."<ref name="NYT_2015_11_25" /> On November 23, 2015, Turing announced that the company would not reduce the ] of Daraprim, but that they planned instead to negotiate volume discounts for hospitals of up to 50%.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-24/drugmaker-turing-suggests-it-won-t-cut-list-price-of-daraprim|title=Drugmaker Turing Suggests It Won't Cut List Price of Daraprim|work=]|date=November 24, 2015}}</ref> '']'' journalist Andrew Pollack wrote that these programs "are standard for companies selling extremely high-priced drugs. They enable the patients to get the drug while pushing most of the costs onto insurance companies and taxpayers."<ref name="NYT_2015_11_25" /> Conversely, Carlos del Rio, chairman of the HIV Medicine Association, noted that while hospitals treat many patients initially, most are then treated at home for a couple of months, so the lower hospital price doesn’t help.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/turing-reneges-on-drug-price-cut-rivals-version-sells-well/2015/11/25/d2c22bd8-93cd-11e5-b5e4-279b4501e8a6_story.html?wpmm=1&wpisrc=nl_evening|title=Turing reneges on drug price cut, rival’s version sells well|agency=Associated Press|Date:November 25, 2015|accessdate=November 26, 2015}}</ref>


===KaloBios Pharmaceuticals=== ===KaloBios Pharmaceuticals===

Revision as of 09:31, 27 November 2015

Martin Shkreli
Born (1983-04-02) April 2, 1983 (age 41)
Brooklyn, New York, United States
NationalityAmerican
Alma materBaruch College
Occupation(s)Corporate executive, hedge fund manager, entrepreneur
OrganizationTuring Pharmaceuticals

Martin Shkreli (born April 1, 1983) is an American hedge fund manager and entrepreneur, specializing in healthcare businesses, and is a co-founder of MSMB Capital Management and the founder of Turing Pharmaceuticals AG. He is a co-founder and was the chief executive officer of Retrophin LLC, a biotechnology firm founded in 2011. In September 2015, Shkreli was criticized when Turing Pharmaceuticals obtained the manufacturing license for Daraprim, and raised its price by 5,455 percent (from $13.50 to $750 per tablet). After initially defending the price increase, Shkreli said an unspecified lower price would be established. Turing Pharmaceuticals announced on November 24, 2015 "that it would not reduce the list price of that drug after all" but they will offer various patient assistance programs.

Early life

Shkreli, the son of Albanian and Croatian immigrants, was born in Brooklyn, New York. Shkreli has two sisters and one brother. He grew up in a working-class community in Brooklyn. Shkreli skipped several grades in school and received a degree in business from New York's Baruch College in 2004.

Career

In 2000, Shkreli was a college intern and then clerk at Jim Cramer's Cramer, Berkowitz, & Co. After four years at Cramer Berkowitz, he held jobs at UBS and Intrepid Capital Management before starting his first hedge fund, Elea Capital Management, in 2006. Shkreli launched MSMB Capital Management (named after the two founding Portfolio Managers, Martin Shkreli and Marek Biestek) in 2009. In 2011, Shkreli filed requests with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to reject a new type of cancer diagnostic from the manufacturers Navidea Biopharmaceuticals and an inhalable insulin therapy for diabetes from MannKind Corporation, while publicly short-selling the companies' stocks. Both companies' stock values immediately dropped following Shkreli's interventions, and the companies had difficulty launching the products as a result. The FDA subsequently approved both therapies.

Retrophin

Retrophin Inc. was created in 2011 and run from the offices of MSMB Capital as a portfolio company with an emphasis on biotechnology, to create treatments for orphan diseases. In September 2014 Retrophin acquired the rights to Thiola, a drug used to treat the rare disease cystinuria. Shkreli resigned from the company in October 2014 after Retrophin's Board decided to replace him that September with Stephen Aselage. Shkreli then left Retrophin and started Turing Pharmaceuticals. Retrophin filed a $65 million lawsuit against Shkreli in August 2015, claiming he breached his duty of loyalty to the biopharmaceutical company in a long-running dispute over his use of company funds, and alleging that he "committed stock-trading irregularities and other violations of securities rules". The lawsuit includes the claim that Shkreli threatened and harassed a former MSMB employee and his family. Shkreli and some of his business associates have been under criminal investigation by the U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York since January 2015 with respect to their Retrophin activities, and Shkreli has invoked his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination in order to avoid testifying during civil depositions.

Turing Pharmaceuticals

In February 2015, Shkreli launched Turing Pharmaceuticals with three drugs in development, acquired from Retrophin: an intranasal version of ketamine for depression, an intranasal version of oxytocin, and Vecamyl for hypertension.

As executive chairman of Turing Pharmaceuticals, in August 2015 Shkreli raised the price of Daraprim from $13.50 per pill to $750 per pill—a 5,455% increase—shortly after purchasing the marketing rights to the drug for $55 million from Impax Laboratories. While the pharmaceutical patent for the 1953 drug has long expired, no company in the US is currently manufacturing generic pyrimethamine. The deal between Turing and Impax was made on the condition that Impax first remove the drug from regular wholesalers and pharmacies, making it more difficult for generic drug manufacturers to develop generic copies. In June, two months before the sale to Turing was announced, Impax switched to tightly controlled distribution.(subscription required) Since the market for Daraprim is small, most manufacturers won't go through the expensive and time-consuming process of obtaining regulatory approval for manufacture. Turing therefore maintains a closed distribution model for Daraprim, and can set the price extremely high without fear of price competition.

Price hike controversy

In September 2015, Shkreli was criticized by several health organizations for obtaining manufacturing licenses on old, out-of-patent life-saving medicines including pyrimethamine (brand name Daraprim), which is used to treat patients with toxoplasmosis, malaria, some cancers, and AIDS, and then increasing the price of the drug in the US from $13.50 to $750 per pill, a 5,455% increase. In an interview with Bloomberg News, Shkreli claimed that despite the price increase patient co-pays would actually be lower, that many patients would get the drug at no cost, that the company has expanded its free drug program, and that it sells half of the drugs for one dollar. Shkreli defended the price hike by saying, "If there was a company that was selling an Aston Martin at the price of a bicycle, and we buy that company and we ask to charge Toyota prices, I don't think that that should be a crime."

The price increase has been criticized by Hillary Clinton, the HIV Medicine Association, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the lobbying group Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, Donald Trump, and Bernie Sanders. The record label Collect Records publicly ended its business relationship with Shkreli, who had invested in the company.

A few days later, Shkreli announced that he plans to lower the price by an unspecified amount, "in response to the anger that was felt by people". As of October 8, the price has not been reduced. Following a request by U.S. Senators Bernie Sanders and Elijah Cummings for details of Turing Pharmaceuticals' finances and price-setting practices in September 2015, the company hired four lobbyists from Buchanan, Ingersoll & Rooney with backgrounds in health care legislation and pharmaceutical pricing. In addition to the lobbyists, Shkreli hired a crisis public relations firm to help explain the pricing decision.

On October 22, 2015, Imprimis Pharmaceuticals said it would begin selling a very similar, but not identical drug, for $1 per pill.

On November 23, 2015, Turing announced that the company would not reduce the list price of Daraprim, but that they planned instead to negotiate volume discounts for hospitals of up to 50%. New York Times journalist Andrew Pollack wrote that these programs "are standard for companies selling extremely high-priced drugs. They enable the patients to get the drug while pushing most of the costs onto insurance companies and taxpayers." Conversely, Carlos del Rio, chairman of the HIV Medicine Association, noted that while hospitals treat many patients initially, most are then treated at home for a couple of months, so the lower hospital price doesn’t help.

KaloBios Pharmaceuticals

In November 2015, an investor group led by Shkreli acquired a majority stake in KaloBios Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NasdaqKBIO), a biopharmaceutical company based in South San Francisco, California. Shkreli was named as the new CEO of the company, and also planned to continue in the role of CEO of Turing Pharmaceuticals.

Gaming and esports involvement

Shkreli is a League of Legends player who goes by the name "Imagine Cerebral" and began expressing interest in purchasing an eSports team in 2014. In May, Enemy eSports announced that they had rejected a $1.2 million offer from Shkreli. Eventually he founded his own team, Odyssey eSports, and aimed to qualify for the 2015 North American League of Legends Challenger Series. The team lost to Cloud9 Tempest in the qualifying tournament and failed to qualify. In August, Odyssey merged with Imagine, with Shkreli becoming Chairman of the team. During the merger the team also acquired the Dota 2 team Leviathan.

In November 2015 Shkreli began posting archived live streams on YouTube, showing him playing games such as League of Legends and chess, as well as offering financial advice. Shkreli had previously streamed on the website Twitch but switched to YouTube after his account was banned for unknown reasons.

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  23. ^ Long, Heather; Egan, Matt; Dodley, Dominique (September 22, 2015). "Meet the guy behind the $750 AIDS drug". Money.CNN.com. Retrieved September 23, 2015.
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  33. Eunjung Cha, Ariana (September 22, 2015). "CEO who raised price of old pill more than $700 calls journalist a 'moron' for asking why". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 23, 2015.
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  42. Tannahill, Jason (9 Oct 2015). "PR Man Allan Ripp Representing The "Most Hated Man in America"". EverythingPR.
  43. Competitor to Offer $1 Pill After Turing Price Hike Outrage, NBC News, October 22, 2015
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  45. "Turing reneges on drug price cut, rival's version sells well". Associated Press. Retrieved November 26, 2015. {{cite news}}: Text "Date:November 25, 2015" ignored (help)
  46. "KaloBios Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Appoints Martin Shkreli CEO and Announces New Financing". Kalobios.
  47. Arlene Weintraub. "Here's Why Shkreli Is Going To Have His Hands Full Trying To Save KaloBios". Forbes.
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  49. WEBER, ALEXANDRE "DRPUPPET" (May 4, 2015). "Enemy Esports Turned Down $1.2 Million For Their League of Legends Team". eSports Go. Retrieved September 24, 2015.
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  51. Ciubotaru, Andra (August 18, 2015). "Recently merged League of Legends organization adds Team Leviathan Dota 2 squad". DotaBlast. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  52. "Martin Shkreli, widely scorned CEO, livestreams his life". STAT.
  53. Martin Shkreli. YouTube.
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