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| The ] tradition <!--'''Carnatic''' classical music, may I stress, not claiming just "Classical" music tradition--> started in the 15th century. Among the earliest practitioners of this art form were the ] saints of ]. ] is widely regarded as the foremost of the ]<!-- ''"daasarendarE purandara daasarayya"; "the 'definition' of a dasa - sang Sri Vyasa Raya, Purandara Dasa's and Kanakadasa's guru. --> and is also regarded as ''Karnataka Sangeethada Sampradaya Pitamaha'' or '''The Grand Patriarch of Carnatic music'''. This tradition has grown over the centuries and has produced numerous renowned and many a time revered composers. The list below names the most notable of these composers in chronological order starting with ]. | |||
| A chronological list of '''] composers'''. | |||
| ⚫ | * ] (7th century) | ||
| ⚫ | * ] (7th century) | ||
| ⚫ | * ] (7th century) | ||
| ⚫ | * ] (10th century) | ||
| ⚫ | * ] (12th century) | ||
| ⚫ | * ] (14th century) | ||
| ⚫ | * ] (15th century) | ||
| ⚫ | * ] (1424 - 1503) | ||
| * ] (1484 - 1564) | * ] (1484 - 1564) | ||
| * ] (1509 - 1609 C.E) | * ] (1509 - 1609 C.E) | ||
| Line 43: | Line 35: | ||
| * ] (1860 - 1919) | * ] (1860 - 1919) | ||
| * ](19th century) | * ](19th century) | ||
| * ] ((1863-1961) | * ] ((1863-1961) | ||
| * ] (1865 - 1891) | * ] (1865 - 1891) | ||
| * ] (1870 - 1940) | * ] (1870 - 1940) | ||
| Line 52: | Line 44: | ||
| * ] (1908 - 1987) | * ] (1908 - 1987) | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * Maharaja ] (1919 - 1974) | * 'Mysore Maharaja' ] (1919 - 1974) | ||
| * ] (1908 - 1972) | * ] (1908 - 1972) | ||
| ===] and the Golden Age of Music=== | |||
| In the above list, three composers viz., ], ] and ] are especially notable. They are considered the '''''Trinity of Carnatic Music''''' and they were contemporaries too. Their era is hailed as the '''''Golden Age of Carnatic Music'''''. | |||
| An interesting observation that musicologists often make when referring to this era is that not only was this period the Golden Age of Carnatic Music, but also the Golden Age of Western Music and consequently the 'Golden Age' of Classical Music in general. This was the period when ] and ](and ] a little earlier) were taking the Western Classical music world by storm.<!--Felt like adding this, so added. If people think this doesnt fit here, reword it or even remove it. but the fact is, musicologists invariably make this point when discussing this period--> | |||
| ===] saints=== | |||
| In addition to the above composers, various ] saints of medieval India also composed devotional hymns, verses and songs. These compostions, though strictly not ''Carnatic'' music or even classical music compostions per se, have nevertheless become a part of the tradition today. This is mainly due to the fact that the underlying theme of all these compositions like those of the real Carnatic compositions is also - '']'' or Devotion to God and spirituality. Some of the notable names in this list are - | |||
| ⚫ | * ] (7th century) | ||
| ⚫ | * ] (7th century) | ||
| ⚫ | * ] (7th century) | ||
| ⚫ | * ] (10th century) | ||
| ⚫ | * ] (12th century) | ||
| * ] (12th century) | |||
| * ] (12th century) | |||
| * ] (12th century) | |||
| ⚫ | * ] (14th century) | ||
| ⚫ | * ] (15th century) | ||
| ⚫ | * ] (1424 - 1503) | ||
| ===Modern Composers=== | |||
| Apart from the above compsers, there have also been composers of Carnatic Music in the present era. While these composers are neither as prolific nor as widely regarded as those that preceded them, some notable names include, | |||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
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| * ] | * ] | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
Revision as of 23:46, 6 October 2006
The Carnatic classical music tradition started in the 15th century. Among the earliest practitioners of this art form were the Haridasa saints of Vijayanagara Empire. Purandara Dasa is widely regarded as the foremost of the Haridasas and is also regarded as Karnataka Sangeethada Sampradaya Pitamaha or The Grand Patriarch of Carnatic music. This tradition has grown over the centuries and has produced numerous renowned and many a time revered composers. The list below names the most notable of these composers in chronological order starting with Purandara Dasa.
- Purandaradasa (1484 - 1564)
- Kanakadasa (1509 - 1609 C.E)
- Narayana Teertha (1580 - 1660)
- Kshetragna (1600 - 1680)
- Bhadrachala Ramdas (1620 - 1688)
- Sarangapani (17th century)
- Paidala Gurumurti Sastri (17th century)
- Arunachala Kavi (1711 - 1788)
- Marimutthu Pillai (18th century)
- Pacchimiriam Adiyappa (18th century)
- Sadasiva Brahmendra (18th century)
- Oottukkadu Venkata Kavi (18th century)
- Tyagaraja (1767 - 1847)
- Muthuswami Dikshitar (1775 - 1835)
- Syama Sastri (1762 - 1827)
- Thanjavur Quartet (18th century)
- Iraiyamman Tampi (1782-1856)
- Ghanam Krishna Iyer (1790 - 1854)
- Veena Kuppayyar (1798 - 1860)
- Gopalakrishna Bharathi (1811 - 1896)
- Swati Tirunal (1813 - 1847)
- Mysore Sadasiva Rao (19th century)
- Anai Ayya brothers (19th century)
- Kavi Kunjara Bharati (1810-1896)
- Subbaraya Sastri (1803-1862)
- Subbarama Dikshitar (1839 - 1906)
- Neelakanta Sivan (1839 - 1900)
- Pallavi Seshayyar (1842-1905)
- Maha Vaidyanatha Iyer (1844 - 1893)
- Patnam Subramania Iyer (1845 - 1902)
- Tiruvottriyur Tyagayyar (1845 - 1917)
- Manambuchavadi Venkatasubbayyar (19th century)
- Ramnadapuram Srinivasa Iyengar (1860 - 1919)
- Pattabhiramayya(19th century)
- Mysore Vasudevacharya ((1863-1961)
- Annamalai Reddiyar (1865 - 1891)
- Koteeswara Iyer (1870 - 1940)
- Harikesanallur Muthaiah Bhagavatar (1877 - 1945)
- Papanasam Sivan (1890 - 1973)
- Mayuram Viswanatha Sastri (1893 - 1958)
- Dharmapuri Subbarayar (19th century)
- Periyasami Tooran (1908 - 1987)
- Tirupati Narayanaswami Naidu
- 'Mysore Maharaja' Jayachamaraja Wodeyar (1919 - 1974)
- Dandapani Desikar (1908 - 1972)
The 'Trinity' and the Golden Age of Music
In the above list, three composers viz., Sri Thyagaraja, Sri Shyama Shastri and Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar are especially notable. They are considered the Trinity of Carnatic Music and they were contemporaries too. Their era is hailed as the Golden Age of Carnatic Music.
An interesting observation that musicologists often make when referring to this era is that not only was this period the Golden Age of Carnatic Music, but also the Golden Age of Western Music and consequently the 'Golden Age' of Classical Music in general. This was the period when Mozart and Beethoven(and Bach a little earlier) were taking the Western Classical music world by storm.
Bhakti saints
In addition to the above composers, various Bhakti saints of medieval India also composed devotional hymns, verses and songs. These compostions, though strictly not Carnatic music or even classical music compostions per se, have nevertheless become a part of the tradition today. This is mainly due to the fact that the underlying theme of all these compositions like those of the real Carnatic compositions is also - Bhakti or Devotion to God and spirituality. Some of the notable names in this list are -
- Thirunavukkarasar (7th century)
- Thirugnana Sambanthar (7th century)
- Sundaramurti (7th century)
- Manikkavasagar (10th century)
- Jayadeva (12th century)
- Basavanna (12th century)
- Akka Mahadevi (12th century)
- Allama Prabhu (12th century)
- Muthu Thandavar (14th century)
- Arunagirinathar (15th century)
- Annamacharya (1424 - 1503)
Modern Composers
Apart from the above compsers, there have also been composers of Carnatic Music in the present era. While these composers are neither as prolific nor as widely regarded as those that preceded them, some notable names include,
- N. S. Ramachandran
- Tanjavur Sankara Iyer
- M Balamuralikrishna
- Lalgudi Jayaraman
- N. Ravikiran
- Ponniah Pillai
- Prof. S.Ramanathan
- Tanjavur S.Kalyanaraman