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'''Khurshīd Ahmad''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|خورشید احمد}}}}; b. 23 March 1932) {{small|], ], ]}}, is a ] ], ], and an ] who earned fame in his pioneering development of ] as an academic principle.Like Maulana Wahiduddin Khan, Maulana ] , Dr. Israr Ahmad and Javed Ahmad Ghamidi,Khursheed Ahmad also worked closely with Maulana Syed Abul Ala Maududi (alternative spelling Syed Maudoodi; often referred to as Maulana Maududi) (1903–1979)<ref>]</ref>{{Better source|reason=per WP:CIRCULAR|date=November 2017}}. '''Khurshīd Ahmad''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|خورشید احمد}}}}; b. 23 March 1932) {{small|], ], ]}}, is a ] ], ], and an ] who earned fame in his pioneering development of ] as an academic principle.<ref>]</ref>{{Better source|reason=per WP:CIRCULAR|date=November 2017}}.


A senior and known conservative figure, he has been long-standing party worker of the ] (JeI), the ] political party, where he successfully ran for ] in the ] held in 2002 on a platform of ] (MMA). He played his role as a policy adviser in ] when he ] the ], focusing on the role of ] the country's ] in the 1980s. A senior conservative figure, he has been long-standing party worker of the ] (JeI), the ] political party, where he successfully ran for ] in the ] held in 2002 on a platform of ] (MMA). He played his role as a policy adviser in ] when he ] the ], focusing on the role of ] the country's ] in the 1980s.

Ahmad is cited as the father of modern ] and ], and is considered one of the influential thinkers in the field of Islamic economics.<ref name="The American Muslim">{{cite web|last=Musaji|first=Imran |title=Profile of Khurshid Ahmad|url=http://theamericanmuslim.org/tam.php/features/articles/ahmad_khurshid/|publisher=The American Muslim website|accessdate=18 Jan 2017}}</ref>


==Biography== ==Biography==
===Family, education, and early life=== ===Family, education, and early life===
Ahmad was born into a religiously-firmed ] family in ], ], on 23 March 1932. His ], ], was a war hero who served in the Navy. His family was a practicing Muslims who were known as ultraconservative and strictly followed the Islamic teachings and practices.<ref name="The American Muslim"/> He and his brother were ] at first by their father but both took different path when ] went to ] and later ], while Khurshid entered in the ] in Delhi where he excelled in his academic studies and was noted for his intellect.<ref name="The American Muslim"/> After the ] of ] in 1947, the family moved to ] and were settled in ], ], after which, he enrolled at the ] to study ] and ] in 1949.<ref name="The American Muslim"/> Ahmad was born into an ] family in ], ], on 23 March 1932. His ], ], was a war hero who served in the Navy. His family was a practicing Muslims who were known as ultraconservative and strictly followed the Islamic teachings and practices. He and his brother were ] at first by their father but both took different path when ] went to ] and later ], while Khurshid entered in the ] in Delhi. After the ] of ] in 1947, the family moved to ] and were settled in ], ], after which, he enrolled at the ] to study ] and ] in 1949. In 1949, Ahmad published his first English article on ''Muslim Economist.''<ref name="The American Muslim">{{cite web|url=http://theamericanmuslim.org/tam.php/features/articles/ahmad_khurshid/|title=Profile of Khurshid Ahmad|last=Musaji|first=Imran|publisher=The American Muslim website|accessdate=18 Jan 2017}}</ref>


He secured his graduation in ] in ] in ] 1952. He began reading the philosophical work of ] and was a worker of his party, the ] (JeI).<ref name="The American Muslim" /> In 1952, he took the ] and entered in law program of the ] with strong emphasis on ] and ].<ref name="Pakistan Senate" /> At his university, he remained student worker for the ] while offering tutoring in ].<ref name="The American Muslim" /> As an aftermath of ] in Lahore, Ahmad left the GCU to avoid the massive arrest and detainment of the ] workers by the ], and moved to ] permanently.<ref name="The American Muslim" /> Ahmad enrolled in the ] and graduated with ] with ] in Economics after successfully defending his ] that contained the fundamental work of ] on ] and the ] in 1958.<ref name="Pakistan Senate">{{cite web|title=Educational background of Professor Khurshid Ahmad |url=http://www.senate.gov.pk/ShowMemberDetail.asp?MemberCode=489&CatCode=0&CatName=qbxawnyybz |archive-url=https://archive.is/20121221081415/http://www.senate.gov.pk/ShowMemberDetail.asp?MemberCode=489&CatCode=0&CatName=qbxawnyybz |dead-url=yes |archive-date=21 December 2012 |work=Pakistan Government |publisher=Pakistan Senate |accessdate=2 August 2012 |author=Senate of Pakistan }}</ref>
In 1949, Ahmad published his first English article on ''Muslim Economist'', where he commentated and proposed ideas which were adopted by ], the ], in his ] ] for the national economy of Pakistan.<ref name="The American Muslim"/>

He secured his graduation in ] in ] in ] 1952, excelling and placing in the first position in his university examination, and it was during this time, he had developed interest in ], the twin passions of much of his lifework.<ref name="The American Muslim"/> He began reading the philosophical work of ] and was a worker of his party, the ] (JeI).<ref name="The American Muslim"/> In 1952, he took the ] and entered in law program of the ] with strong emphasis on ] and ].<ref name="Pakistan Senate"/> At his university, he remained student worker for the ] while offering tutoring in ].<ref name="The American Muslim"/> As an aftermath of ] in Lahore, Ahmad left the GCU to avoid the massive arrest and detainment of the ] workers by the ], and moved to ] permanently.<ref name="The American Muslim"/> Ahmad enrolled in the ] and graduated with ] with ] in Economics after successfully defending his ] that contained the fundamental work of ] on ] and the ] in 1958.<ref name="Pakistan Senate">{{cite web|title=Educational background of Professor Khurshid Ahmad |url=http://www.senate.gov.pk/ShowMemberDetail.asp?MemberCode=489&CatCode=0&CatName=qbxawnyybz |archive-url=https://archive.is/20121221081415/http://www.senate.gov.pk/ShowMemberDetail.asp?MemberCode=489&CatCode=0&CatName=qbxawnyybz |dead-url=yes |archive-date=21 December 2012 |work=Pakistan Government |publisher=Pakistan Senate |accessdate=2 August 2012 |author=Senate of Pakistan }}</ref>

In 1962, Ahmad graduated with an ] with ] in ] from the ] and won the scholarship to pursue his doctoral degree from the ] in 1965. Ahmad enrolled at the ] and joined the faculty of economic for his doctoral studies, which he successfully defended his ] for his ] in ] in 1967–68.<ref name="Pakistan Senate"/> His doctoral thesis contained the thorough work on the ] principle which he successfully defended after submitting briefed and discussed thesis to the university. In 1970, his services to promote literacy was recognized and the ] honored him with ] in ].<ref name="Pakistan Senate"/> In 1970, he moved to ] and joined the department of philosophy to teach instructions on the ] at the ].<ref name="Pakistan Senate"/>

He was a contemporary of Maulana Wahiduddin Khan, Maulana ], Dr. ] and ].


In 1962, Ahmad graduated with an ] with ] in ] from the ] and won the scholarship to pursue his doctoral degree from the ] in 1965. Ahmad enrolled at the ] and joined the faculty of economic for his doctoral studies, which he successfully defended his ] for his ] in ] in 1967–68.<ref name="Pakistan Senate" /> His doctoral thesis was on the ] principle. In 1970, his services to promote literacy was recognized and the ] honored him with ] in ].<ref name="Pakistan Senate" /> In 1970, he moved to ] and joined the department of philosophy to teach ] at the ].<ref name="Pakistan Senate" />
==Public Service== ==Public Service==
He is the founder chairman of the ], ]. He has written/edited/translated more than 70 books in English and Urdu, many of which have been translated in other European and oriental languages. He has also contributed profoundly through numerous articles, seminar papers and lectures. His in-depth comparative study of the oriental as well as occidental philosophies in religion, academics, economics, constitutional matters and his commitment to the cause of humanity has led him to be entrusted with key positions in the national as well as international organizations on these socioeconomic and other multidimensional disciplines. He has also been awarded with three honorary degrees of PhD in education, literature and Islamic economics by universities of Malaysia and Loughborough, UK. He has formerly held the portfolio of Federal Minister for Planning, Development and Statistics in the Government of Pakistan and has also served as Deputy Chairman of Planning Commission. He was also thrice elected as member of the Senate of Pakistan in 1985, 1997 and 2002 and remained Chairman of the Standing Committee for Economic Development and Planning. He is the founder chairman of the ], ]. He has written/edited/translated more than 70 books in English and Urdu, many of which have been translated in other European and oriental languages. He has also contributed profoundly through numerous articles, seminar papers and lectures. His in-depth comparative study of the oriental as well as occidental philosophies in religion, academics, economics, constitutional matters and his commitment to the cause of humanity has led him to be entrusted with key positions in the national as well as international organizations on these socioeconomic and other multidimensional disciplines. He has also been awarded with three honorary degrees of PhD in education, literature and Islamic economics by universities of Malaysia and Loughborough, UK. He has formerly held the portfolio of Federal Minister for Planning, Development and Statistics in the Government of Pakistan and has also served as Deputy Chairman of Planning Commission. He was also thrice elected as member of the Senate of Pakistan in 1985, 1997 and 2002 and remained Chairman of the Standing Committee for Economic Development and Planning.


In view of his pioneering work and contributions towards the development of Islamic Economics as an academic discipline, he was awarded the First Islamic Development Bank Award for Economics in 1988. He was awarded King Faisal Prize for service to Islam in 1990. It was in 1998 that he was awarded the prestigious La-Riba Prize in Islamic Finance by American Finance House. Thus, he is the first and only Muslim who has been awarded with the three most prestigious international Islamic prizes.<ref>http://www.ips.org.pk/eventsupdates/whatnew/newpublication/1853-islam-its-meaning-and-message, 'Islam: Its Meaning and Message', a book written by Khurshid Ahmad, its book review on ips.org.pk website, Retrieved 18 Jan 2017</ref> In view of his pioneering work and contributions towards the development of Islamic Economics as an academic discipline, he was awarded the First Islamic Development Bank Award for Economics in 1988. He was awarded King Faisal Prize for service to Islam in 1990. It was in 1998 that he was awarded the prestigious La-Riba Prize in Islamic Finance by American Finance House. Thus, he is the first and only Muslim who has been awarded with the three most prestigious international Islamic prizes.<ref>http://www.ips.org.pk/eventsupdates/whatnew/newpublication/1853-islam-its-meaning-and-message, 'Islam: Its Meaning and Message', a book written by Khurshid Ahmad, its book review on ips.org.pk website, Retrieved 18 Jan 2017</ref>

=== Islam and political activism ===
In 1949, after publishing first article on economics, Ahmad began studying the teachings of ]. He came to know Maududi as a frequent visitor in his father's house; it was only in 1949 that he encountered Maududi as the religious scholar for the first time. In particular, he was impressed with Maududi's discussion of both Islamic and Western thought and the conflict between Western civilisation and Islam.

Ahmad is the leader of JeI and has been behind the right-wing conservative politics in Pakistan. In 1977, he campaigned in ] for a technocratic seat, and secured the appointment of ] of ] where he would play a drafting role in the ] in 1978. In 1979, Ahmad founded the institute ] (IPS) and has been its chairman since 1979.

Ahmad became a member of '']'' (IJT) in 1949 and was elected as the ''Nazim-e-A'la'' (President) of the same organisation in 1953. He formally joined '']'' Pakistan in 1956 and is at present Naib Ameer (Vice-President) of the organisation. Besides several other responsibilities, he is presently also the editor of the seminal ''Tarjuman al-Quran'', a monthly publication launched by Sayyid Maududi in May 1933.


== Portfolio == == Portfolio ==
Throughout his life, he has held the following positions:
His comparative study of the ] as well as ] philosophies in religion, academics, economics, constitutional matters and commitment for ] has led him to be entrusted with key positions in the national as well as international organisations on these socio-economic and other multi-dimensional disciplines. Throughout his life, he has held the following positions:
* Member of Senate of Pakistan (2003 to 2012).<ref name="HathawayLee2004">{{cite book|last1=Hathaway|first1=Robert M.|last2=Lee|first2=Wilson|last3=Husain|first3=Ishrat|title=Islamization and the Pakistani economy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5x2xAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=18 Jan 2017|year=2004|publisher=Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars|page=141, GoogleBooks}}</ref> * Member of Senate of Pakistan (2003 to 2012).<ref name="HathawayLee2004">{{cite book|last1=Hathaway|first1=Robert M.|last2=Lee|first2=Wilson|last3=Husain|first3=Ishrat|title=Islamization and the Pakistani economy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5x2xAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=18 Jan 2017|year=2004|publisher=Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars|page=141, GoogleBooks}}</ref>
* Vice-President Jama'at e islami Pakistan.
* Federal Minister of Planning and Development and has been Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission, Govt of ] (1978–79).
* Professor at the ] (1955–68).
* Research scholar at the ], UK.
* Chairman, International Institute of Islamic Economics, International Islamic University, Islamabad (1983–87).
* President, International Association of Islamic Economics, Leicester, UK (1984–92).
* Member, Supreme Advisory Council, International Center for Research and Islamic Economics, ], ] (1979–83).
* Vice-President, Standing Conference on Jews, Christians and Muslims in Europe, Berlin and London (1974–78).
* Member, Advisory Council, Centre for the Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, Selly Oak Colleges, Birmingham, UK (1976–78).
* Member, National Hijra Committee, Govt of Pakistan (1978–83).
* Member, Committee of Jurists to Evaluate Islamic Laws in ] (1986–87).
* Member, International Review Committee, Islamic Research and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, ](1988–89).
* Member of Senate of Pakistan for two terms (1985–1997) and Chairman of the Senate Standing Committee on Finance, Economic Affairs and Planning.
* Founder and Chairman of both the ], ] and ].
* Member, Boards of Trustees of Islamic Centre, Zaria (Nigeria); International Islamic University, Islamabad; Foundation Council, Royal Academy for Islamic Civilization, Amman (Jordan).
* Vice-President of Islamic Research Academy, ] and ].


== Awards and recognition == == Awards and recognition ==
*In recognition of his contribution during the process of formulation of 18th and 19th constitutional amendments of the constitution of The Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Prof Khurshid Ahmad was awarded the highest civil award, the ] on 23 March 2011.<ref>http://nation.com.pk/national/24-Mar-2011/NishaneImtiaz--for-PCCR-members, Nishan-i-Imtiaz Award for Khurshid Ahmad in 2011 by the President of Pakistan, The Nation newspaper, Published 24 March 2011, Retrieved 18 Jan 2017</ref> *In recognition of his contribution during the process of formulation of 18th and 19th constitutional amendments of the constitution of The Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Prof Khurshid Ahmad was awarded the highest civil award, the ] on 23 March 2011.<ref>http://nation.com.pk/national/24-Mar-2011/NishaneImtiaz--for-PCCR-members, Nishan-i-Imtiaz Award for Khurshid Ahmad in 2011 by the President of Pakistan, The Nation newspaper, Published 24 March 2011, Retrieved 18 Jan 2017</ref>
*In recognition of his services in Islamic Economics & Finance, he was given 5th Annual Prize of American Finance House, ] Prize, US in July 1998. *In recognition of his services in Islamic Economics & Finance, he was given 5th Annual Prize of American Finance House, ] Prize, US in July 1998.
*His contributions to the Islamic cause were also recognised in the form of ] in 1990, which is the equivalent to the ] in the Muslim World. Professor Khurshid Ahmad, who was the then Chairman, ] attended the dialogue meeting with the Prime Minister along with other Pakistani senators at that time. *His contributions to the Islamic cause were also recognised in the form of ] in 1990.
*In view of his contributions towards the development of Islamic Economics as an academic discipline, he was awarded the First Islamic Development Bank Award for Economics in 1988. *In view of his contributions towards the development of Islamic Economics as an academic discipline, he was awarded the First Islamic Development Bank Award for Economics in 1988.

==Role towards Interfaith harmony==
In 2006, British Prime Minister ] visited Pakistan and spoke on 'Contemporary Issues in Islam' at the ] in ] where he stressed the need for tolerance and sharing values. "The British prime minister rejected the theory of clash of civilizations and said people belonging to all faiths must work together for a peaceful world." Professor Khurshid Ahmad, who was the then Chairman, ] of Pakistan, also attended the dialogue meeting with the Prime Minister along with other Pakistani senators at that time.<ref>http://www.dawn.com/news/219732/british-pm-stresses-interfaith-harmony, Dawn newspaper, Published 20 Nov 2006, Retrieved 18 Jan 2017</ref>


== See also == == See also ==
*] *]
* ]<ref>]</ref>{{Better source|reason=per WP:CIRCULAR|date=February 2017}}
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
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* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* ]
* ] * ]



Revision as of 07:32, 12 November 2017

For the Ottoman governor of Egypt, see Ahmad Khurshid Pasha.

Khurshid Ahmad
خورشید احمد
Born (1932-03-23) 23 March 1932 (age 92)
Delhi, India
(Present day New Delhi in India)
Nationality Pakistan
Academic career
FieldEconomics (Islamics)
InstitutionKarachi University
University of Leicester
Institute of Policy Studies
Planning Commission
School or
tradition
Islamic economic jurisprudence
Alma materGovernment College University
University of Leicester
International Islamic University
InfluencesCapitalism
Perspectives on capitalism
Conservatism
ContributionsIslamic economics and conservatism
AwardsKing Faisal International Prize for Science

Khurshīd Ahmad (Template:Lang-ur; b. 23 March 1932) PhD, DSc, NI, is a Pakistani economist, philosopher, and an Islamic activist who earned fame in his pioneering development of Islamic economic jurisprudence as an academic principle..

A senior conservative figure, he has been long-standing party worker of the Jamaat-e-Islami (JeI), the far-right political party, where he successfully ran for Senate in the general elections held in 2002 on a platform of Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA). He played his role as a policy adviser in Zia administration when he chaired the Planning Commission, focusing on the role of Islamising the country's national economy in the 1980s.

Biography

Family, education, and early life

Ahmad was born into an Urdu-speaking family in Delhi, British India, on 23 March 1932. His elder brother, Zamir Ahmad, was a war hero who served in the Navy. His family was a practicing Muslims who were known as ultraconservative and strictly followed the Islamic teachings and practices. He and his brother were homeschooled at first by their father but both took different path when Zamir went to Delhi Technological College and later Navy, while Khurshid entered in the Anglo-Arabic College in Delhi. After the partition of India in 1947, the family moved to Pakistan and were settled in Lahore, Punjab, after which, he enrolled at the Government College University to study business and economic in 1949. In 1949, Ahmad published his first English article on Muslim Economist.

He secured his graduation in BA in first-class honours in Economics 1952. He began reading the philosophical work of Abul A'la Maududi and was a worker of his party, the Jamaat-e-Islami (JeI). In 1952, he took the Bar exam and entered in law program of the GCU with strong emphasis on Islamic law and jurisprudence. At his university, he remained student worker for the JeI while offering tutoring in Islamic studies. As an aftermath of violent riots in Lahore, Ahmad left the GCU to avoid the massive arrest and detainment of the JeI workers by the Punjab Police Department, and moved to Karachi permanently. Ahmad enrolled in the Karachi University and graduated with MSc with Hons in Economics after successfully defending his thesis that contained the fundamental work of Adam Smith on Invisible hand and the Capitalism in 1958.

In 1962, Ahmad graduated with an MA with Hons in Islamic studies from the Karachi University and won the scholarship to pursue his doctoral degree from the United Kingdom in 1965. Ahmad enrolled at the University of Leicester and joined the faculty of economic for his doctoral studies, which he successfully defended his doctoral thesis for his PhD in Economics in 1967–68. His doctoral thesis was on the Islamic economic jurisprudence principle. In 1970, his services to promote literacy was recognized and the Leicester University honored him with honorary doctorate in Education. In 1970, he moved to England and joined the department of philosophy to teach Contemporary philosophy at the Leicester University.

Public Service

He is the founder chairman of the Institute of Policy Studies, Islamabad. He has written/edited/translated more than 70 books in English and Urdu, many of which have been translated in other European and oriental languages. He has also contributed profoundly through numerous articles, seminar papers and lectures. His in-depth comparative study of the oriental as well as occidental philosophies in religion, academics, economics, constitutional matters and his commitment to the cause of humanity has led him to be entrusted with key positions in the national as well as international organizations on these socioeconomic and other multidimensional disciplines. He has also been awarded with three honorary degrees of PhD in education, literature and Islamic economics by universities of Malaysia and Loughborough, UK. He has formerly held the portfolio of Federal Minister for Planning, Development and Statistics in the Government of Pakistan and has also served as Deputy Chairman of Planning Commission. He was also thrice elected as member of the Senate of Pakistan in 1985, 1997 and 2002 and remained Chairman of the Standing Committee for Economic Development and Planning.

In view of his pioneering work and contributions towards the development of Islamic Economics as an academic discipline, he was awarded the First Islamic Development Bank Award for Economics in 1988. He was awarded King Faisal Prize for service to Islam in 1990. It was in 1998 that he was awarded the prestigious La-Riba Prize in Islamic Finance by American Finance House. Thus, he is the first and only Muslim who has been awarded with the three most prestigious international Islamic prizes.

Portfolio

Throughout his life, he has held the following positions:

  • Member of Senate of Pakistan (2003 to 2012).

Awards and recognition

  • In recognition of his contribution during the process of formulation of 18th and 19th constitutional amendments of the constitution of The Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Prof Khurshid Ahmad was awarded the highest civil award, the Nishan-e-Imtiaz on 23 March 2011.
  • In recognition of his services in Islamic Economics & Finance, he was given 5th Annual Prize of American Finance House, La Riba Prize, US in July 1998.
  • His contributions to the Islamic cause were also recognised in the form of King Faisal International Prize in 1990.
  • In view of his contributions towards the development of Islamic Economics as an academic discipline, he was awarded the First Islamic Development Bank Award for Economics in 1988.

See also

References

  1. Abdul Ghafoor Ahmed#Political career
  2. ^ Musaji, Imran. "Profile of Khurshid Ahmad". The American Muslim website. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  3. ^ Senate of Pakistan. "Educational background of Professor Khurshid Ahmad". Pakistan Government. Pakistan Senate. Archived from the original on 21 December 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. http://www.ips.org.pk/eventsupdates/whatnew/newpublication/1853-islam-its-meaning-and-message, 'Islam: Its Meaning and Message', a book written by Khurshid Ahmad, its book review on ips.org.pk website, Retrieved 18 Jan 2017
  5. Hathaway, Robert M.; Lee, Wilson; Husain, Ishrat (2004). Islamization and the Pakistani economy. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. p. 141, GoogleBooks. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  6. http://nation.com.pk/national/24-Mar-2011/NishaneImtiaz--for-PCCR-members, Nishan-i-Imtiaz Award for Khurshid Ahmad in 2011 by the President of Pakistan, The Nation newspaper, Published 24 March 2011, Retrieved 18 Jan 2017

External links

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