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| The '''jaboya system''' is an economic system common in the fishing towns of ], on ]. It is a system where the fishermen in the region form relationships (commonly sexual) with women in the communities who wish to purchase the fish to take to the market to sell. It is not uncommon for both the fishermen and the women to have multiple partners. As a result of the vast web of these relationships, the Jaboya system is said to account for the rampant increase in the HIV prevalence in the region. It has also caused the mortality rate in the region to increase. <ref>{{cite web|title=KENYA: Deadly Catch: Lake Victoria’s AIDS crisis|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61001|work=News Article|publisher=IRIN|accessdate=27 January 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ==Etymology== | |||
| The word jaboya is said to have been derived from the local Luo language. <ref>{{cite web|last=Quaali|title=KENYA: Helping women to end sex-for-fish culture|url=http://qaali.com/2012/01/03/kenya-helping-women-to-end-sex/|publisher=Somali Women Magazine|accessdate=27 January 2012}}</ref> Originally the word jaboya meant, 'customer' but took on a different meaning as the system flourished. It is believed that this was due to the decrease of fish stocks in the area. This lead to more and more women having to use different means in order to be able to purchase fish from the fishermen. The term eventually took on a sexual connontation as more women were having to obtain partners in order to secure having a fishermen to purchase fish from. <ref>{{cite web|last=Okwiri|first=Caroline|title=Jaboya system|url=http://www.jaluo.com/wangwach/1106/Caroline_Okwiri111506.html|accessdate=27 January 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ==HIV Transmission== | |||
| Both men and women who participate in the jaboya system are subject to increased risk of ] transmission. There are several factors tied to the Jaboya system which increase the risk of HIV transmission: | |||
| ===Local economy=== | |||
| The local economy is based primarily on the fishing industry. For women the only way that they can guarantee themselves fish is to take up multiple partners on the beach. Those with several parnters are more likely to obtain fish.<ref>http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61001</ref> In the small community of Bondo Beach for example, fishing is virtually the only way to make a living. <ref>{{cite web|title=Sex, fish and stigma in Kenyan beach communities|url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Media-Room/Case-Studies/2006/Sex-fish-and-stigma-in-Kenyan-beach-communities/|accessdate=28 January 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ===Wife inheritance=== | |||
| It is common practice for women to be inherited by their late husbands family members, such as brothers. In most cases the women are widowed by men who were HIV positive. The wives will most likely be infected as well, passing the infection on not only to their new husbands, but any other wives the men may have. <ref>{{cite news|title=KENYA: Deadly Catch: Lake Victoria’s AIDS crisis|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61001|accessdate=28 January 2012|newspaper=IRIN News|date=10 November 2005}}</ref> | |||
| ===Condom use=== | |||
| Condom use is practiced infrequently in the community. <ref>{{cite news|title=KENYA: Deadly Catch: Lake Victoria’s AIDS crisis|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61001|accessdate=28 January 2012|newspaper=IRIN|date=10 November 2005}}</ref> There have been measures to improve condom use in the community. MERLIN, a development organization hosts skits and plays on the beach in Bondo that bring forth the message of condom use, along with other positive behaviours that can help reduce the spread of HIV. <ref>{{cite web|last=Okwiri|first=Caroline|title=Jaboya System|url=http://www.jaluo.com/wangwach/1106/Caroline_Okwiri111506.html|accessdate=28 January 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ==Prevention== | |||
| Several development organizations have stepped up with programs and resources to help curb the dependence that local communities have on the Jaboya system. | |||
| ===MERLIN=== | |||
| An organization that brings together local leaders and community members, MERLIN has created several theatre groups that perform skits and plays that deal with the issues that the Jaboya system brings. The shows take place once per month, and coincide with the return of the fishermen to the beach. The shows typically draw large crowds on the beach, and end with a discussion, as well as condom distribution to the fishermen. Local people believe that the shows are getting the local community to change their thinking about the Jaboya system, and ultimately their behaviour as well.<ref>{{cite web|last=Okwiri|first=Caroline|title=Jaboya System|url=http://www.jaluo.com/wangwach/1106/Caroline_Okwiri111506.html|accessdate=29 January 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ===U.S. Peace Corps=== | |||
| The U.S. ] directed their initiative at helping women specifically. A donation of six fishing boats was made so that the women could start fishing for themselves, instead of depending on the men. The program has created positive change in the women who are working together to save money to buy more boats for other women in the community.<ref>{{cite news|last=Qaali|title=KENYA: Helping women to end sex-for-fish culture|url=http://qaali.com/2012/01/03/kenya-helping-women-to-end-sex/|accessdate=28 January 2012|newspaper=The voice of Somali women|date=3 January 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ==Deadly Catch film== | |||
| ''Deadly Catch'' is a film that was produced by ] that centers around the fishing community located outside of Bondo town, in Kenya. It shows how the HIV virus has affected different people in various ways, focusing on those both directly involved with the jaboya system, and those that have lost family members due to it. <ref>{{cite news|title=KENYA: Deadly Catch: Lake Victoria’s AIDS crisis|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61001|accessdate=28 January 2012|newspaper=IRIN|date=10 November 2005}}</ref> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| # ] | |||
| # ] | |||
| # ] | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| == External links == | |||
| * Deadly catch film | |||
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