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{{Short description|Emperor of Japan}} {{Short description|Emperor of Japan}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2012}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2012}}
{{Infobox monarch {{Infobox monarch
| name = Emperor Jomei<br>{{nobold|{{lang|ja|舒明天皇}}}} | name = Emperor Jomei<br>{{nobold|{{lang|ja|舒明天皇}}}}
| title = | title = ]
| image = | image = Imperial Seal of Japan.svg
| caption = | caption =
| reign =629–641 | reign = 629–641
| coronation = | coronation =
| succession = ] | succession = ]
| predecessor =] | predecessor = ]
| successor =] | successor = ]
| posthumous name = ]:<br/>Emperor Jomei ({{lang|ja|舒明天皇}})<br/><br/>]:<br/>Okinagatarashihihironuka no Sumeramikoto ({{lang|ja|息長足日広額天皇}}) | posthumous name = ]:<br/>Emperor Jomei ({{lang|ja|舒明天皇}})<br/><br/>]:<br/>Okinagatarashihihironuka no Sumeramikoto ({{lang|ja|息長足日広額天皇}})
| spouse =Takara (later ]) | spouse = Takara (later ])
| issue = {{plainlist| | issue = {{plainlist|
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
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* Prince Kaya * Prince Kaya
}} }}
| royal house =] | royal house = ]
| father =Prince Oshisako-no-hikohito-no-Ōe | father = {{ill|Prince Oshisako-no-hikohito-no-Ōe|ja|押坂彦人大兄皇子|vertical-align=sup}}
| mother =Princess Nukate-hime | mother = Princess Nukate-hime
| birth_name = Tamura ({{lang|ja|田村}}) | birth_name = Tamura ({{lang|ja|田村}})
| birth_date =17 April 593 | birth_date = 17 April 593
| birth_place = | birth_place =
| death_date = 17 November 641 (aged 48) | death_date = 17 November 641 (aged 48)
| death_place =''Kudara no Miya''| | death_place = ''Kudara no Miya''|
| place of burial=''Osaka no uchi no misasagi'' (Nara) | place of burial = ''Osaka no uchi no misasagi'' (Nara)|
|}} }}
{{nihongo|'''Emperor Jomei'''|舒明天皇|Jomei-]|April 17, 593 – November 17, 641}} was the 34th ] of ],<ref name="kunaicho">Kunaichō: </ref> according to the traditional ].<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan'', p. 48.</ref> {{nihongo|'''Emperor Jomei'''|舒明天皇|Jomei-]|April 17, 593 – November 17, 641}} was the 34th ] of ],<ref name="kunaicho">Kunaichō: </ref> according to the traditional ].<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan'', p. 48.</ref>


Jomei's reign spanned the years from 629 through 641.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' pp. 42–43|page=42}}; Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō'', pp.263; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki''. p. 129–130.</ref> Jomei's reign spanned the years from ].<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' pp. 42–43|page=42}}; Brown, Delmer ''et al.'' (1979). ''Gukanshō'', pp.263; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''Jinnō Shōtōki''. p. 129–130.</ref>


==Traditional narrative== ==Traditional narrative==
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==Events in Jomei's reign== ==Events in Jomei's reign==
He succeeded his great aunt, ]. Suiko did not make it clear who was to succeed her after her death. Before her death, she called Tamura and ]'s son, ], and gave some brief advice to each of them. After her death the court was divided into two factions, each supporting one of the princes for the throne. ], the head of ], supported Tamura. He claimed that Empress Suiko's last words suggested her desire that Tamura succeed her to the throne. Prince Yamashiro-no-Ōe was later attacked by the Soga clan and committed suicide along with his entire family. He succeeded his great aunt, ]. Suiko did not make it clear who was to succeed her after her death. Before her death in 629, she called Tamura and ]'s son, ], and gave some brief advice to each of them. After her death the court was divided into two factions, each supporting one of the princes for the throne. ], the head of ], supported Tamura. He claimed that Empress Suiko's last words suggested her desire that Tamura succeed her to the throne. Scholars then construed that the succession (''senso'')<ref>Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to ]; and all sovereigns except ], ], ], and ] have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of ].</ref> was received by Tamura.<ref name="v130">Varley, p. 130.</ref> Shortly thereafter, he is said to have acceded to the throne (''sokui'') as Emperor Jomei.<ref>Titsingh, p. 42; Brown, p. 264; Varley, p. 130.</ref> Prince Yamashiro-no-Ōe was later attacked by the Soga clan and committed suicide along with his entire family.

* '''629''': In the 36th year of Empress Suiko's reign (推古天皇三十六年), the empress died, and despite a dispute over who should follow her as sovereign, contemporary scholars then construed that the succession (''senso'')<ref>Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to ]; and all sovereigns except ], ], ], and ] have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of ].</ref> was received by a grandson of ] and a great-grandson of ].<ref name="v130">Varley, p. 130.</ref> Shortly thereafter, Emperor Jomei is said to have acceded to the throne (''sokui'').<ref>Titsingh, p. 42; Brown, p. 264; Varley, p. 130.</ref>


Jomei's contemporary title would not have been ''tennō'', as most historians believe this title was not introduced until the reigns of ] and ]. Rather, it was presumably ''Sumeramikoto'' (written the same way as ''tennō'': 天皇) or ''Amenoshita Shiroshimesu Ōkimi'' (治天下大王), meaning "the great king who rules all under heaven". Alternatively, Jomei might have been referred to as (ヤマト大王/大君) or the "Great King of Yamato". Jomei's contemporary title would not have been ''tennō'', as most historians believe this title was not introduced until the reigns of ] and ]. Rather, it was presumably ''Sumeramikoto'' (written the same way as ''tennō'': 天皇) or ''Amenoshita Shiroshimesu Ōkimi'' (治天下大王), meaning "the great king who rules all under heaven". Alternatively, Jomei might have been referred to as (ヤマト大王/大君) or the "Great King of Yamato".


During Emperor Jomei's reign, Soga no Emishi seized several political initiatives. After Jomei's death, the throne was passed to his wife and niece, ] and then to her younger brother, ], before eventually being inherited by two of his sons, ] and Emperor Tenmu. During Emperor Jomei's reign, Soga no Emishi seized several political initiatives. After Jomei's death, the throne was passed to his wife and niece, ], and then to her younger brother, ], before eventually being inherited by two of his sons, ] and Emperor Tenmu.


Emperor Jomei's reign lasted 13 years. In the 13th year of his reign (舒明天皇十三年), he died at the age of 49.<ref name="v130"/> Emperor Jomei's reign lasted 13 years. In the 13th year of his reign (舒明天皇十三年), he died at the age of 49.<ref name="v130"/>


=== Grave ===
The actual site of Jomei's ] is known.<ref name="kunaicho"/> The emperor is traditionally venerated at a ] ] ] (''misasagi'') located in Nara Prefecture. The ] designates this location as Jomei's ]. It is formally named ''Osaka no uchi no misasagi''.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, p. 420.</ref> The actual site of Jomei's ] is known.<ref name="kunaicho" /> The emperor is traditionally venerated at a ] ] ] (''misasagi'') located in ]. The ] designates this location as Jomei's ]. It is formally named ''Osaka no uchi no misasagi''.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, p. 420.</ref>
]
It is commonly called {{ill|Dannozuka Kofun|ja|段ノ塚古墳}}. It is an {{ill|Octagonal Kofun|lt=Octagonal Kofun|ja|八角墳}}. It is identified as the tomb of Emperor Jomei by the ]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hays |first=Jeffrey |title=ASUKA, FUJIWARA AND ASUKA-ERA CITIES AND TOMBS {{!}} Facts and Details |url=https://factsanddetails.com/japan/cat16/sub106/entry-5299.html#chapter-16 |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=factsanddetails.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-16 |title=Dan-no-tsuka Kofun Passage Grave : The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map |url=https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=33044 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016234831/https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=33044 |archive-date=2023-10-16 |access-date=2023-10-20}}</ref> and of the same form as the {{ill|Mausoleum of Emperor Tenji|lt=attributed tomb of his son|ja|御廟野古墳}}.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kofun Culture |url=http://www.t-net.ne.jp/~keally/kofun.html |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=www.t-net.ne.jp}}</ref> and of his wife ] buried in ].<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Kengoshizuka Kofun Tumulus, Koshitsuka-gomon Kofun Tumulus |url=http://asuka-japan-heritage.jp/global/en/saimei/detail/kengosiduka_sa.html |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=Exploring the Footsteps of the Heroines of Asuka |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2022-03-04 |title=Octagonal burial mound said to belong to ancient Japan empress reconstructed in Nara Pref. |language=en |work=Mainichi Daily News |url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20220304/p2a/00m/0na/040000c |access-date=2023-10-20}}</ref>


===Poetry=== ===Poetry===
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*Second Son: Prince Kazuraki/Naka-no-Ōe (葛城/中大兄皇子) later ] *Second Son: Prince Kazuraki/Naka-no-Ōe (葛城/中大兄皇子) later ]
*Prince Ōama (大海人皇子) later ] *Prince Ōama (大海人皇子) later ]
*Princess Hashihito (間人皇女, d. 665), Empress Consort of ] *] (間人皇女, d. 665), Empress Consort of ]


''Bunin'': Soga no Hote-no-iratsume (蘇我法提郎女), ]‘s daughter ''Bunin'': Soga no Hote-no-iratsume (蘇我法提郎女), ]‘s daughter
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Unknown: Unknown:
* Prince Isobe (磯部皇子), founder of Kuge clan * Prince Isobe (磯部皇子), founder of Kuge clan

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|ref=<ref name=descent>{{cite web|url=https://reichsarchiv.jp/%e5%ae%b6%e7%b3%bb%e3%83%aa%e3%82%b9%e3%83%88/%e5%a4%a9%e7%9a%87%e5%ae%b6#emp034|title=Genealogy|website=Reichsarchiv|access-date=25 January 2018|language=ja}}</ref>
|1= 1. '''Emperor Jomei'''
|2= 2. Prince ]
|3= 3. Princess ] (c. 570–664)
|4= 4. ] (538–585)
|5= 5. ] (d. c. 575)
|6= 6. ] (538–585)
|7= 7. Unako no Otoshi
|8= 8. ] (509–571)
|9= 9. ]
|10=
|11=
|12=
|13=
|14=14. Ohoka no Obito no Okuma
|15=
}}


==See also== ==See also==
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==References== ==References==
* ] (1896). London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. * ] (1896). London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.
* Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}}; * Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|978-0-520-03460-0}};
* ]. (1959). Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. * ]. (1959). Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.
* ] (1834). '']''; ou, Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. * ] (1834). '']''; ou, Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.
* ] (1980). New York: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-231-04940-5}}; * ] (1980). New York: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-231-04940-5}};
* {{in lang|ja}} Yamada, Munemutsu. (1992). Tokyo: Newton Press (''Nyūton-puresu''). {{ISBN|978-4-315-51248-9}}; * {{in lang|ja}} Yamada, Munemutsu. (1992). Tokyo: Newton Press (''Nyūton-puresu''). {{ISBN|978-4-315-51248-9}};


{{s-start}} {{s-start}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Jomei}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jomei}}
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 07:17, 25 December 2024

Emperor of Japan

Emperor Jomei
舒明天皇
Great King of Yamato
Emperor of Japan
Reign629–641
PredecessorSuiko
SuccessorKōgyoku
BornTamura (田村)
17 April 593
Died17 November 641 (aged 48)
Kudara no Miya
BurialOsaka no uchi no misasagi (Nara)
SpouseTakara (later Empress Kōgyoku)
Issue
Posthumous name
Chinese-style shigō:
Emperor Jomei (舒明天皇)

Japanese-style shigō:
Okinagatarashihihironuka no Sumeramikoto (息長足日広額天皇)
HouseImperial House of Japan
FatherPrince Oshisako-no-hikohito-no-Ōe
MotherPrincess Nukate-hime

Emperor Jomei (舒明天皇, Jomei-tennō, April 17, 593 – November 17, 641) was the 34th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

Jomei's reign spanned the years from 629 through 641.

Traditional narrative

Before Jomei's ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (imina) was Tamura (田村) or Prince Tamura (田村皇子, Tamura-no-Ōji). As emperor, his name would have been Okinagatarashihi Hironuka Sumeramikoto (息長足日広額天皇).

He was a grandson of Emperor Bidatsu, both paternally and maternally. His father was Prince Oshisakanohikohito-no-Ōe, his mother was Princess Nukate-hime, who was a younger sister of his father.

Events in Jomei's reign

He succeeded his great aunt, Empress Suiko. Suiko did not make it clear who was to succeed her after her death. Before her death in 629, she called Tamura and Prince Shōtoku's son, Prince Yamashiro-no-Ōe, and gave some brief advice to each of them. After her death the court was divided into two factions, each supporting one of the princes for the throne. Soga no Emishi, the head of Soga clan, supported Tamura. He claimed that Empress Suiko's last words suggested her desire that Tamura succeed her to the throne. Scholars then construed that the succession (senso) was received by Tamura. Shortly thereafter, he is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui) as Emperor Jomei. Prince Yamashiro-no-Ōe was later attacked by the Soga clan and committed suicide along with his entire family.

Jomei's contemporary title would not have been tennō, as most historians believe this title was not introduced until the reigns of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jitō. Rather, it was presumably Sumeramikoto (written the same way as tennō: 天皇) or Amenoshita Shiroshimesu Ōkimi (治天下大王), meaning "the great king who rules all under heaven". Alternatively, Jomei might have been referred to as (ヤマト大王/大君) or the "Great King of Yamato".

During Emperor Jomei's reign, Soga no Emishi seized several political initiatives. After Jomei's death, the throne was passed to his wife and niece, Empress Kōgyoku, and then to her younger brother, Emperor Kōtoku, before eventually being inherited by two of his sons, Emperor Tenji and Emperor Tenmu.

Emperor Jomei's reign lasted 13 years. In the 13th year of his reign (舒明天皇十三年), he died at the age of 49.

Grave

The actual site of Jomei's grave is known. The emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) located in Sakurai, Nara. The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Jomei's mausoleum. It is formally named Osaka no uchi no misasagi.

Dannozuka Kofun

It is commonly called Dannozuka Kofun [ja]. It is an Octagonal Kofun [ja]. It is identified as the tomb of Emperor Jomei by the Imperial Household Agency and of the same form as the attributed tomb of his son [ja]. and of his wife Empress Kōgyoku buried in Kengoshizuka Kofun.

Poetry

The Man'yōshū includes poems attributed to emperors and empresses, including "Climbing Kagu-yama and looking upon the land", which is said to have been composed by Emperor Jomei:

Countless are the mountains in Yamato,
But perfect is the heavenly hill of Kagu;
When I climb it and survey my realm,
Over the wide plain the smoke-wreaths rise and rise,
Over the wide lake the gulls are on the wing;
A beautiful land it is, the land of Yamato!
– Emperor Jomei

Consorts and children

Hi: Princess Tame (田眼皇女), Emperor Bidatsu’s daughter

Empress: Princess Takara (宝皇女) later Empress Kōgyoku, Prince Chinu's daughter (also Prince Oshisaka-no-Hikohito-no-Ōe's grand daughter and Emperor Bidatsu’s great grand daughter)

Bunin: Soga no Hote-no-iratsume (蘇我法提郎女), Soga no Umako‘s daughter

  • First Son: Prince Furuhito-no-Ōe (古人大兄皇子) (ca. 612–645)
  • Princess Nunoshiki (布敷皇女)

Court lady (Uneme): Kaya no Uneme (蚊屋采女), lower court lady from Kaya (蚊屋采女姉子)

  • Prince Kaya (蚊屋皇子)

Bunin: Awata no Kagushi-hime (粟田香櫛媛)

  • Princess Oshisaka-no-watamuki (押坂錦向皇女)

Bunin: Soga no Tetsuki-no-iratsume (蘇我手杯娘), Soga no Emishi‘s daughter

  • Princess Yata (箭田皇女)

Unknown:

  • Prince Isobe (磯部皇子), founder of Kuge clan

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Kunaichō: 斉明天皇 (34)
  2. Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 48.
  3. Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 42–43, p. 42, at Google Books; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp.263; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. p. 129–130.
  4. Brown, p. 264; prior to Emperor Jomei, the personal names of the emperors (their imina) were very long and people did not generally use them. The number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.
  5. "舒明天皇（一）出自について".
  6. Varley, p. 129.
  7. Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.
  8. ^ Varley, p. 130.
  9. Titsingh, p. 42; Brown, p. 264; Varley, p. 130.
  10. Ponsonby-Fane, p. 420.
  11. Hays, Jeffrey. "ASUKA, FUJIWARA AND ASUKA-ERA CITIES AND TOMBS | Facts and Details". factsanddetails.com. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
  12. ^ "Dan-no-tsuka Kofun [Dannotsuka Kofun 段ノ塚古墳, Jomei Tennō-ryō Jomei Tennnoryo 舒明天皇] Passage Grave : The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map". October 16, 2023. Archived from the original on October 16, 2023. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
  13. "Kofun Culture". www.t-net.ne.jp. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
  14. "Kengoshizuka Kofun Tumulus, Koshitsuka-gomon Kofun Tumulus". Exploring the Footsteps of the Heroines of Asuka. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
  15. "Octagonal burial mound said to belong to ancient Japan empress reconstructed in Nara Pref". Mainichi Daily News. March 4, 2022. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
  16. Nippon Gakujutsu Shinkokai. (1969). The Manyōshū, p. 3.

References

Regnal titles
Preceded byEmpress Suiko Emperor of Japan:
Jomei
629–641 		Succeeded byEmpress Kōgyoku
Japan Emperors of Japan (list)
Legendary
Jōmon
660 BC–291 BC
Yayoi
290 BC–269 AD
Yamato
Kofun
269–539
Asuka
539–710
Nara
710–794
Heian
794–1185
Kamakura
1185–1333
Northern Court
1333–1392
Muromachi
1333–1573
Azuchi-Momoyama
1573–1603
Edo
1603–1868
Empire of Japan
1868–1947
Japan
1947–present

Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are in CE / AD  Imperial Consort and Regent Empress Jingū is not traditionally listed.

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