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Hoboksar County 和布克赛尔县 (Chinese) قوبۇقسار ناھىيىسى (Uyghur)Qobuqsar, Hefeng
Autonomous county
Hoboksar Mongol Autonomous County 和布克赛尔蒙古自治县 قوبۇقسار موڭغۇل ئاپتونوم ناھىيىسى قوبىقسارى موڭعۇل اۆتونوميالىق اۋدانىᠬᠣᠪᠣᠭᠰᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᡍᡆᡋᡇᡎᠰᠠᡅᠷ ᡏᡆᡊᡎᡆᠯ ᡄᡋᡄᠷᡄᡃᠨ ᠴᠠᠰᠠᡍᡇ ᠱᡅᡕᠠᠨ
HoboksarLocation in XinjiangShow map of DzungariaHoboksarHoboksar (Xinjiang)Show map of XinjiangHoboksarHoboksar (China)Show map of China
Coordinates: 46°47′N 85°43′E / 46.783°N 85.717°E / 46.783; 85.717
Country	China
Autonomous region	Xinjiang
Prefecture	Tacheng
Township-level divisions	2 towns and 5 townships
County seat	Hoboksar Town [zh]
Area
• Total	28,784 km (11,114 sq mi)
Population
• Total	61,785
• Density	2.1/km (5.6/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code	834400
Area code	0901
Website	www.xjhbk.gov.cn

Hoboksar (Chinese: 和布克赛尔蒙古自治县; pinyin: Hébùkèsài'ěr Měnggǔ Zìzhìxiàn), sometimes referred with the historic name Hefeng County (和丰县; Héfēng Xiàn), is an autonomous county for Mongol people in the middle north of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Western China, it is under the administration of Tacheng Prefecture. The county has an area of 28,784 km (11,114 sq mi) with a population of 62,100 (as of 2010 Census). It has eight towns and townships and seven farms, Hoboksar Town is its county seat.

Name

The name of Hoboksar (Ховогсайр) was individually referred to as "Hobok" (ховог) and "Sar" (сайр) from the Mongolian language. Hobok is Hobok River, it means "sika deer", the river was named after its river basin within huge amount of sika deer in the past. Sar is the Salair Mountains and it means horseback, the mountain was named after its shape like a horseback.

History

At the latest starting from the Qing dynasty, the Saka people appeared in the place of present Hoboksar area. This was followed by the Usans and Xiongnu people.

The place was part of Usan Sate in the Western Han period. It was merged to the Rear Jushi Kingdom (車師後國) in the Eastern Han and Three Kingdoms periods. It was part of Xianbei during the Jin period, part of Rouran Khaganate, followed by the First Turkic Khaganate, Western Turkic Khaganate in the period of Northern and Southern dynasties. It was under the administration of Kunling Protectorate (崑陵都護府) of the Tang dynasty in 657, ruled by Karluks in 789, Uyghur Khaganate in 808, Kyrgyz Khaganate in 840 and Qara Khitai in 1127, it was merged to the Yuan dynasty in 1218, became the dominion of Ögedei Khan in 1225, then after that, the territory of Beshbalik Province (Beiting) and Almaliq Province in 1280, it was merged to Chagatai Khanate during 1324 - 1328.

It was part of Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Beshbalik Khaganate) in 1370, the herd land of the Oirats tribe in the 5th century. After Batur's succession to Khong Tayiji in 1636, he quickly unified the Oirats tribes in the North Xinjiang, with Hoboksar as the base camp. Batur built a castle five kilometers away southeast of the present county seat of Hoboksar Town between 1639 - 1643.

The place of Hoboksar was under jurisdiction of Tarbaghatay Ministerial Attache (塔爾巴哈臺參贊大臣, under leadship of the General of Ili; "Tarbaghatay", the prensent Tacheng Prefecture) in 1758. The Torghut Tribe back far away from the south side of Russian Volga River, immigrated to Hoboksar in 1771.

Hoxtolgay Xianzuo (和什托洛蓋縣佐, similar to a division under vice county magistrate; in the present Hoxtolgay Town) under jurisdiction of Shawan County, was formed in 1915 and it was transferred to Tacheng Circuit (塔城道) in 1916. Hoxtolgay Xianzuo was changed to Hoxtolgay Division (和什托洛蓋設治局) and the Hefeng Division (和豐設治局) was formed in 1941. Hefeng County (和豐縣) was organized in 1944 and its county seat is in the present Hoboksar Town. Hefeng County was renamed to Hoboksar Mongol Autonomous County on September 10, 1954.

Geography

Hoboksar County is located south of the Tarbagatai-Saur mountain range and its northern part, where most of the county's population lives, receives some water from streams (such as the Baiyang River) flowing from the snow-capped mountains. The southeastern part of the county is in Gurbantünggüt Desert.

Historically, the large Alan Nur and Manas Lake were located in the desert southwestern part of the county; they received water, at least intermittently, both from the streams flowing across the desert from the north and from the south (via the Manas River). Due to the increasing water diversion for irrigation and other human needs, as well as geological processes, the Alan Nur has fully dried out, and the Manas Lake is in a fairly precarious situation as well.

The Irtysh–Karamay Canal, constructed around the turn of the 21st century, crosses the county's southeastern part; the canal's Fengcheng Reservoir is located on the county's border with Karamay City's Urho District.

A point situated some 30 miles ESE of Hoxtolgay Town is listed as the farthest point from the sea (at 46°16.8′N 86°40.2′E / 46.2800°N 86.6700°E / 46.2800; 86.6700) by the Guinness Book of World Records. It is roughly 2646 kilometres away from the Arctic Ocean and a similar distance from the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea (see Continental Pole of Inaccessibility for other candidates).

The "record-setting" location of the county attracted the attention of advertisers for the Corona beer brand, who staged and documented a trip of a few residents of the village of Bulin (布林), 46°43′13″N 86°7′59″E / 46.72028°N 86.13306°E / 46.72028; 86.13306), in Hoboksar County's Qagankol Township to the sea coast in Hainan Island.

Administrative divisions

Hoboksar administered 2 towns, 6 townships.

• Bag Urtubulag Ranch (巴嘎乌图布拉格牧场) (ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠷᠲᠤᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ) (باغ ئۇتبۇلاق چارۋىچىلىق مەيدانى) (باق ۇتىنبۇلاق مال شارۋاشىلىعى الاڭىنداعى)
• Bus Tungge Ranch (布斯屯格牧场) (Mongolian: ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠲᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ) (بۈستۈڭگى چارۋىچىلىق مەيدانى) (بۇستۇڭگى مال شارۋاشىلىعى الاڭىنداعى)
• Ih Urtubulag Ranch (伊克乌图布拉格牧场) (Mongolian: ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠤᠷᠲᠤᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ) (ئىك ئۇتبۇلاق چارۋىچىلىق مەيدانى) (ەكى ۇتىنبۇلاق مال شارۋاشىلىعى الاڭىنداعى)
• Narin Hobok Ranch (那仁和布克牧场) (Mongolian: ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠪᠣᠭ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ) (نېرىن قوبىق چارۋىچىلىق مەيدانى) (نارىن قوبۇق مال شارۋاشىلىعى الاڭىنداعى)
• XPCC 184th Regiment (兵团一十八十四团) (Mongolian: 184 ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ) (184-تۇەن مەيدانى) (184-تۋان الاڭىنداعى)

Climate

Demographics

The Chinese Mongols that live in Bayingolin and Hoboksar come from varied origins. A majority are Torghuts, who speak the Oirat language. Chahar Mongols who immigrated from Inner Mongolia also live in Hoboksar and Bayingolin, and there are also Uriankhai Mongols, who are considered Mongols in China but Tuvans to some outside observers. A fair number of Daur people and Dongxiang people live in Hoboksar especially and they speak Mongolic languages.

Culture

Hoboksar is traditionally considered the place of origin of the Epic of Jangar. The Jangar Culture and Art Palace (江格尔文化艺术宫) was opened in the county in 2014.

Transportation

China National Highway 217 and the new Kuytun–Beitun Railway both cross Hoboksar county along the same north–south corridor. There is daily passenger service at the Hoxtolgay station.

Notes

1. Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.

References

1. Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
2. ^ 和布克赛尔县历史沿革. xzqh.org. 2014-12-04. Retrieved 2019-08-27.
3. 和布克赛尔县概况. xzqh.org. 2014-12-04. Retrieved 2019-08-27.
4. Haines, R Spencer (2016). "The Physical Remains of the Zunghar Legacy in Central Eurasia: Some Notes from the Field". Paper Presented at the Social and Environmental Changes on the Mongolian Plateau Workshop, Canberra, ACT, Australia. The Australian National University.
5. 和布克赛尔概况. Hoboksar.gov.cn. Retrieved 2019-08-27.
6. Yao, Yonghui; Li, Huiguo (2010), "Tectonic geomorphological characteristics for evolution of the Manas Lake", Journal of Arid Land, 2 (3): 167–173, doi:10.3724/SP.J.1227.2010.00167
7. Daniel Gilroy, Corona Extra: A Journey From 'The Pole Of naccessibility'. Here's the campaign's web site: http://www.coronaextra.eu/china/#/ Archived 2012-11-22 at the Wayback Machine
8. 2022年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：和布克赛尔蒙古自治县. National Bureau of Statistics of China.
9. 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
10. 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
11. 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）. China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
12. {{cite web |url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/China/CSV/HOBOKSAR_51156.csv |title = Hoboksar Climate Normals 1991-2020 |publisher = NOAA |language = en-us
13. Benson, Linda K.; Svanberg, Ingvar (1998). China's Last Nomads: The History and Culture of China's Kazaks. M.E. Sharpe. p. 25.
14. Jangar Palace Opens in Xinjiang's Hoboksar Archived 2014-02-04 at the Wayback Machine
15. 世界最大的江格尔文化艺术宫建成投用

External links

• County government - official site (in Chinese)

v t e Mongol-designated autonomous areas in China
Regions	Inner Mongolia Hohhot Baotou Wuhai Chifeng Tongliao Ordos Hulunbuir Bayannur Ulanqab Xilingol Hinggan Alxa
Prefectures and counties	Liaoning Fuxin Harqin Zuoyi Qinghai Haixi (Mongol and Tibetan) Henan Xinjiang Bayingolin Bortala Hoboksar Other provinces Dorbod (in Heilongjiang) Qian Gorlos (in Jilin) Subei (in Gansu) Weichang (Manchu and Mongol) (in Hebei)
Ethnic minority autonomous areas Dong Hui Korean Manchu Miao Mongol Tibetan Tujia Uyghur Yao Yi Zhuang Others

• Mongol autonomous counties
• County-level divisions of Xinjiang
• Tacheng Prefecture