Revision as of 15:11, 19 January 2008 editSquash Racket (talk | contribs)Pending changes reviewers14,116 edits I don't think Bulgarians and Slovaks were here in decisive numbers, I'd really want a source for that← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 20:31, 17 January 2025 edit undoPrimeBOT (talk | contribs)Bots2,077,782 editsm →top: Task 24: template replacement following a TFDTag: AWB | ||
(944 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|City in Hungary}} | |||
{{Infobox Settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement--> | |||
{{Distinguish|Seget (disambiguation){{!}}Seget}} | |||
|image_skyline = Szeged400.jpg | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}} | |||
|image_caption = ] Church | |||
{{Infobox settlement | |||
|subdivision_type = ] | |||
<!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement--> | |||
|subdivision_name = {{HUN}} | |||
| name = Szeged | |||
|timezone=] | |||
| native_name = | |||
|utc_offset=+1 | |||
| other_name = | |||
|timezone_DST=] | |||
| settlement_type = ] | |||
|utc_offset_DST=+2 | |||
| official_name = {{lang|hu|Szeged Megyei Jogú Város}} | |||
|pushpin_map =Hungary | |||
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage| | |||
|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> | |||
| color=#ffffff | |||
|pushpin_map_caption =Location of Szeged | |||
| photo1a = Ferenc Móra Museum 2021-03-02, Szeged.jpg{{!}}Ferenc Móra Museum | |||
|pushpin_mapsize = | |||
| photo1b = Szeged - Szegedi Nemzeti Színház (30805880358).jpg{{!}}Szeged National Theater | |||
|official_name=Szeged | |||
| photo2a = Szeged Town Hall in winter 2009 (1).JPG{{!}}City Hall | |||
|map=<!--<div style="position: relative">]<div style="position: absolute; left: 162px; top: 137px">]</div></div>--> | |||
| photo2b = Szeged, Dóm tér 2021 01.jpg{{!}}Szeged Csanad Cathedral in Dom Square | |||
|subdivision_type1=] | |||
| photo3a = Szeged, Tisza river bank, with Mora Museum, and the Theatre building.jpg{{!}}Tisza riverside view with the Ferenc Móra Museum and Szeged National Theater | |||
|subdivision_name1=] | |||
| spacing = 2 | |||
|area_total_km2=280.84 | |||
| border = 0 | |||
|population_total=162889|population_footnotes= | |||
| size = 269 | |||
|population_as_of=2005|population_density_km2=581 | |||
}} | |||
|postal_code=6700 | |||
| image_caption = {{hlist|Left to right: ] Museum|Szeged National Theater|City Hall|Szeged Csanad Cathedral|Tisza riverside view with the Ferenc Móra Museum and Szeged National Theater}} | |||
|area_code=62 | |||
| nickname = ''City of Sunshine'' ({{lang|hu|Napfény városa}}) | |||
|leader_title=] | |||
| image_shield = HUN Szeged Címer.svg | |||
|leader_name=Dr. László Botka | |||
| image_flag = Flag of Szeged.svg | |||
|latd=46.255 | |||
<!-- maps and coordinates ---- -->| pushpin_map = Hungary Csongrád#Hungary | |||
|longd=20.145 | |||
| pushpin_relief = 1 | |||
|website=http://www.szegedvaros.hu/ | |||
| pushpin_label_position = bottom | |||
| pushpin_map_caption = | |||
| pushpin_mapsize = 280 | |||
| coordinates = {{coord|46.255|20.145|region:HU_type:city|display=inline,title}} | |||
| coor_pinpoint = | |||
| coordinates_footnotes = <!-- location ---------------- --> | |||
| subdivision_type = ] | |||
| subdivision_name = {{HUN}} | |||
| subdivision_type1 = ] | |||
| subdivision_name1 = ] | |||
| subdivision_type2 = ] | |||
| subdivision_name2 = ] | |||
| subdivision_type3 = ] | |||
| subdivision_name3 = ] | |||
| established_title1 = ] | |||
| established_date1 = 1498 | |||
| timezone = ] | |||
| utc_offset = +01:00 | |||
| timezone_DST = ] | |||
| utc_offset_DST = +02:00 | |||
| map = <!--<div style="position: relative">]<div style="position: absolute; left: 162px; top: 137px">]</div></div>--> | |||
| area_total_km2 = 280.84 | |||
| area_rank = 11th in Hungary | |||
| elevation_m = 76 | |||
| elevation_ft = 249.34 | |||
| elevation_max_m = 76.7 | |||
| elevation_min_m = 75.8 | |||
| population_total = 160766<ref></ref> | |||
| population_footnotes = | |||
| population_as_of = 2019 | |||
| population_density_km2 = 612.28 | |||
| population_rank = ] | |||
| population_urban = 239,025 (])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/functional-urban-areas-all-hungary.pdf|title=OECD – FUNCTIONAL URBAN AREAS IN OECD COUNTRIES: HUNGARY}}</ref> | |||
| population_demonym = szegedi | |||
<!-- demographics (section 1) -->| demographics_type1 = ] | |||
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ksh.hu/apps/hntr.telepules?p_lang=EN&p_id=33367|title=Detailed Gazetteer of Hungary|website=www.ksh.hu}}</ref> | |||
| demographics1_title1 = ] | |||
| demographics1_info1 = 83.9% | |||
| demographics1_title2 = ] | |||
| demographics1_info2 = 0.9% | |||
| demographics1_title3 = ] | |||
| demographics1_info3 = 0.9% | |||
| demographics1_title4 = ] | |||
| demographics1_info4 = 0.8% | |||
| demographics1_title5 = ] | |||
| demographics1_info5 = 0.3% | |||
| demographics1_title6 = ] | |||
| demographics1_info6 = 0.2% | |||
| demographics1_title7 = Other | |||
| demographics1_info7 = 2.1% | |||
<!-- demographics (section 2) -->| demographics_type2 = ] | |||
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="auto"/> | |||
| demographics2_title1 = ] | |||
| demographics2_info1 = 36.4% | |||
| demographics2_title2 = ] | |||
| demographics2_info2 = 0.4% | |||
| demographics2_title3 = ] | |||
| demographics2_info3 = 4.8% | |||
| demographics2_title4 = ] | |||
| demographics2_info4 = 1.2% | |||
| demographics2_title5 = ] | |||
| demographics2_info5 = 0.1% | |||
| demographics2_title6 = Other | |||
| demographics2_info6 = 2.4% | |||
| demographics2_title7 = ] | |||
| demographics2_info7 = 23.4% | |||
| demographics2_title8 = Unknown | |||
| demographics2_info8 = 31.4% | |||
| postal_code_type = ] | |||
| postal_code = 6700 to 6729, 6753, 6757, 6771, 6791 | |||
| area_code_type = ] | |||
| area_code = (+36) 62 | |||
| website = {{URL|https://www.szegedvaros.hu/}} | |||
| leader_title = Mayor | |||
| leader_name = ] (Independent) | |||
| leader_title1 = ] | |||
| leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list | |||
| title = List<ref>{{cite web |title=Önkormányzati szereplők |lang=hu |trans-title=Municipal officials |website=Szeged város hivatalos portálja |url=https://www.szegedvaros.hu/tisztsegviselok |access-date=April 24, 2024 }}</ref> | |||
|1=Tamás Kovács (Independent) | |||
|2=József Binszki (]) | |||
|3=Nagy Sándor (]) | |||
}} | |||
| leader_title2 = Town Notary | |||
| leader_name2 = Éva Martonosi | |||
| blank3_name_sec2 = ] | |||
| blank3_info_sec2 = {{Collapsible list | |||
| title = List | |||
|1=Sándor Szabó (]) ] | |||
|2=] (]) ] | |||
}} | |||
| blank_name = Motorways | |||
| blank_info = ] <br/>] | |||
| blank6_name_sec1 = ] | |||
| blank6_info_sec1 = ] (]) | |||
| blank2_name = Distance from Budapest | |||
| blank2_info = {{convert|162.8|km|abbr=on}} Northwest | |||
| blank1_name_sec1 = ] | |||
| blank1_info_sec1 = HU333 | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Szeged''' ({{ |
'''Szeged''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɛ|ɡ|ɛ|d}} {{respell|SEG|ed}}, {{IPA|hu|ˈsɛɡɛd|lang|hu-Szeged.ogg}}; <small>see also ]</small>) is ] of ], the largest city and regional centre of the ] and the ] of ]. The ] is one of the most distinguished universities in Hungary. | ||
The Szeged Open Air (Theatre) Festival (first held in 1931) is one of the main attractions, held every summer and celebrated as the Day of the City on 21 May. | |||
== Geographic location == | |||
] | |||
Szeged is situated near the southern border of ], just to the south of the mouth of the ], on both banks of the Tisza River (], Tiscia). Due to the high number of sunshine hours annually, Szeged is often called ''City of Sunshine'' (a name she shares with another Hungarian city, ].) | |||
== |
== Etymology == | ||
It is possible that the name ''Szeged'' is a ] and truncated form of the final syllables of '']'', the name of a Roman colony founded in the 2nd century, on or near the site of modern Szeged. In ] contexts, {{lang|la|Partiscum}} has long been assumed to be synonymous with ''Szeged''. The Latin name is also the basis of the city's ] name {{lang|el|Παρτίσκον}} ''Partiskon''. | |||
However, ''Szeged'' might instead have originated (or been influenced by) an old ] word for "corner" ({{lang|hu|szeg}}), pointing to the turn of the river ] that flows through the city. Others say it derives from the Hungarian word {{lang|hu|sziget}} which means "island". Others still contend that {{lang|hu|szeg}} means "dark blond" ({{lang|hu|sötétszőkés}}) – a reference to the color of the water where the rivers ] and ] merge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.szegedportal.hu/index.php?pg=101|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018021019/http://www.szegedportal.hu/index.php?pg=101|url-status=dead|title=On etymology|archive-date=18 October 2007}}</ref> | |||
As of 2003, there are 175,301 people residing in the city; 93.5% ], 0.7% ], 0.5% ] (]), 0.2% ], 0.2% ], 0.1% ], 0.1% ] and 5.9% other. The ] is 582.9/km². There are 70,787 housing units at an average density of 252.05/km². | |||
Szeged has a variety of names in languages other than Hungarian. These are usually formed by the addition of a suffix ''-in'' to the Hungarian name: {{langx|ro|Seghedin}}; {{langx|de|Szegedin}} or {{lang|de|Segedin}}; {{langx|sh-Latn|Segedin}}/{{lang|sh-Cyrl|Сегедин}}; {{langx|it|Seghedino}}; {{langx|lv|Segeda}}; {{langx|lt|Segedas}}; {{langx|pl|Segedyn}}; ] and {{langx|cs|Segedín}}; {{langx|tr|Segedin}}. | |||
== History == | == History == | ||
] | |||
Szeged and its area have been inhabited since ancient times. ] mentions the oldest known name of the city: ''Partiscum'' (]: Πάρτισκον<ref>Klaudios Ptolemaios. Handbuch der Geographie. Griechisch-Deutsch. Herausgegeben von Alfred Stückelberger und Gerd Graßhoff. Schwabe Verlag Basel. 2006, p. 310-311</ref>)''.'' It is possible that ], king of the ] had his seat somewhere in this area. The name Szeged was first mentioned in 1183, in a document of King ]. | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
In the second century AD there was a ] ] established on an island in the ], and the foundations of the Szeged castle suggest that the structure may have been built over an even earlier fort. Today only one corner of the castle still remains standing.<ref>Szeged by Dr. Trogmayer Ottó</ref> | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
During the ] the town was destroyed and its inhabitants fled to the nearby swamps, but they soon returned and rebuilt their town. In the 14th century, during the reign of ], Szeged became the most important town of Southern Hungary, and – as the ] got closer to Hungary – the strategic importance of Szeged grew. King ] had a ] built around the town. Szeged was raised to ] status in 1498. | |||
Szeged and its area have been inhabited since ancient times. ] mentions the oldest known name of the city: ''Partiscum.'' It is possible that ], king of the ] had his seat somewhere in this area. The name Szeged was first mentioned in ], in a document of King ]. | |||
Szeged was first pillaged by the ] on 28 September 1526, but was occupied only in 1543, and became an administrative centre of the Ottomans (see ]). The town was a ] centre first in ] (1543–1596), after in ]i. The town was freed from Turkish rule on 23 October 1686, and regained the free royal town status in 1715. In 1719, Szeged received its ] (still used today) from ]. During the next several years, Szeged grew and prospered. ] monks arrived in Szeged in 1719 and opened a new grammar school in 1721. Szeged also held scientific lectures and theatrical plays. These years brought not only prosperity but also enlightenment. Between 1728 and 1744 ] were frequent in the town, with the ] of 1728–29 perhaps being the largest. The witch trials were instigated by the authorities, who decided on this measure to remove the problem of the public complaints about the drought and its consequences of famine and epidemics by laying the responsibility on people among them, which had fraternized with the Devil. In 1720, the ethnic ] population of the town numbered about 13000 to 16000, while the number of the ] inhabitants was 1300.<ref>Ádám Fejér, Magyarok és szlávok. (Konferencia, Szeged, 1991. május 30-31). Szerk. Fejér Ádám, H. Tóth Imre stb. (Kiad. a JATE Szláv Filológiai Tansz.), József Attila Tudományegyetem, 1993, p. 262, {{ISBN|9789634819929}}</ref> | |||
The first printing press was established in 1801, and the old town hall and the civil hospital were built at the same time.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Farkas |first=József |title=Szeged Története 2 1686-1849 |date=1985 |pages=699 |language=Hungarian}}</ref> | |||
Szeged is known as the home of ], a spice made from dried, powdered ] fruits. Paprika arrived in Hungary in the second half of the 16th century as an ornamental plant. About 100 years later the plant was cultivated as an herb, and paprika as we know it.<ref name="paprika">{{Cite web|url=http://www.vickery.tv/acatalog/Paprika.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728021200/http://www.vickery.tv/acatalog/Paprika.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 July 2009|title=Vickery TV Paprika (Hungary)|date=28 July 2009}}</ref> Szeged is also famous for their ], a ] made with ], ] and ].<ref name="szekelygulyas">{{Cite web|url=https://www.talktalk.co.uk/notices/web-space-closing.html?accessurl=http://www.fourman.dsl.pipex.com/recipes/szekelygulyas.html|title=TalkTalk Webspace is closing soon!!|website=www.talktalk.co.uk}}</ref> And also famous for their ], ] made of ] and ]. | |||
During the Mongol invasion the town was destroyed and its inhabitants fled to the nearby swamps, but they soon returned and rebuilt their town. In the 14th century, during the reign of ], Szeged became the most important town of Southern Hungary, and – as the Turkish armies got closer to Hungary – the strategic importance of Szeged grew. King ] had a ] built around the town. Szeged was raised to ] status in ]. | |||
The citizens of Szeged played an important part in the ]. ] delivered his famous speech here. Szeged was the last seat of the revolutionary government in July 1849. The ] rulers punished the leaders of the town, but later Szeged began to prosper again; the railway reached it in 1854, and the town got its free royal town status back in 1860. Mark Pick's shop – the predecessor of today's Pick ] Factory – was opened in 1869. | |||
Szeged was first pillaged by the ] army on ] ], but was occupied only in ], and became an administrative centre of the Ottomans (see ]). The town was freed from Turkish rule on ] ], and regained the free royal town status in ]. In ] Szeged got its ] (still used today) from ]. During the next years Szeged grew and prospered. Piarist monks arrived to Szeged in 1719 and opened a new grammar school in ]. They also held scientific lectures and theatrical plays. However, these years brought not only prosperity and enlightenment; between ] and ] ]s were frequent in the town. In 1720, the population of the city totalled 193 households, of which 99 were Serbian. | |||
] | |||
Today the inner city of Szeged has wide avenues. This is mainly due to the great ] of 1879, which wiped away the whole town (only 265 of the 5723 houses remained and 165 people died). Emperor ] visited the town and promised that "Szeged will be more beautiful than it used to be". He kept his promise, and during the next years a new, modern city emerged from the ruins, with palaces and wide streets. | |||
===20th century=== | |||
Szeged is known as the home of Paprika. Paprika arrived in Hungary in the second half of the 16th Century as an ornamental plant. About 100 years later the plant was cultivated as a herb, and paprika as we know it was born.<ref name="paprika"></ref> Szeged is famous for Szekelygulyas, a goulash made with pork, sauerkraut and sour cream.<ref name="szekelygulyas"></ref> | |||
] | |||
After the ] Hungary lost its southern territories to ], as a result Szeged became a city close to the ], and its importance lessened, but as it took over roles that formerly belonged to the now lost cities, it slowly recovered. Following the Loss of ] to Romania, University of Kolozsvár (now ]), moved to Szeged in 1921 (see ]). In 1923 Szeged took over the role of ] seat from Temesvár (now ], Romania). It was briefly occupied by the ] during ] in 1919. It also became a center for right-wing forces which would install ] as the country's new leader after the overthrow of the ].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781316137024/type/book|title=The Cambridge History of Communism|date=2017-09-21|volume=1 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-316-13702-4|editor-last=Pons|editor-first=Silvio|edition=1|doi=10.1017/9781316137024|editor-last2=Smith|editor-first2=Stephen A.}}</ref> During the 1920s the Jewish population of Szeged grew and reached its zenith. | |||
The citizens of Szeged played an important part in the ]. ] delivered his famous speech here. Szeged was the last seat of the revolutionary government in July ]. The ] rulers punished the leaders of the town, but later Szeged began to prosper again, the ] reached it in ], and the town got its free royal town status back in ]. Mark Pick's shop – the predecessor of today's world famous Pick ] Factory – was opened in 1869. | |||
] | |||
Today the inner city of Szeged has beautiful buildings and wide avenues. This is mainly due to the great ] of ], which literally wiped away the whole town (only 265 of the 5723 houses remained and 165 people died). Emperor ] visited the town and promised that "Szeged will be more beautiful than it used to be". He kept his promise. During the next years a new, modern city emerged from the ruins, with palaces and wide streets. | |||
Szeged suffered heavily during ]. 6,000 inhabitants of the city were killed, In 1941, there were 4,161 Jews living in Szeged. After, March 19, 1944 ], they were confined to a ] together with the Jews from surrounding villages. In June, 1944, the ghetto was liquidated. The ] murdered the larger part of the 8,500 and some were forced into ] in Strasshof Labor camp, Austria.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Holocaust Survivors and Victims Database -- Szeged, Hungary Deportation List|url=https://www.ushmm.org/online/hsv/source_view.php?SourceId=49448&r=p|access-date=2021-02-21|website=www.ushmm.org}}</ref> Szeged was captured by ] troops of the ] on 11 October 1944 in the course of the ]. During the communist era, Szeged became a centre of ] and ]. In 1965, ] was found near the city.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} | |||
After the ] Hungary lost its southern territories to ] and ], thus Szeged became a city close to the ], and its importance lessened, but as it took over roles that formerly belonged to the now lost cities, it slowly recovered. The ] of Kolozsvár (now ], Romania) moved to Szeged in ] (see ]). In ] Szeged took over the role of ] seat from Temesvár (now ], Romania). | |||
In 1962, Szeged became the county seat of ]. Whole new districts were built, and many nearby villages (e.g. ], ], Kiskundorozsma, ], ]) were annexed to the city in 1973 (as was a tendency during the ]). | |||
Szeged suffered a lot during the ], 6,000 inhabitants of the city were killed, the ] citizens were confined to ]s, then taken to ]s, and the ] occupied the city in ]. During the ] era Szeged became a centre of ] and ]. In ] ] was found near the city; the area now satisfies 67% of the country's oil demand. | |||
Today's Szeged is an important university town and a tourist attraction. | |||
The ] (Szegedi Szimfonikus Zenekar) gives regular concerts at the Szegedi Nemzeti Színház.<ref>, accessed 6 August 2012.</ref> | |||
==Geography== | |||
In ] Szeged became the county seat of Csongrád. Whole new districts were built, and lots of nearby villages (e.g. ], ], ], ], ]) were annexed to the city in ] (as was a tendency during the Communist era). | |||
Szeged is situated near the southern border of ], just to the south of the mouth of the ], on both banks of the ], nearly in the centre of the ]. The Hungarian frontier with Serbia is just outside the town. | |||
===Climate=== | |||
Today's Szeged is an important university town and a popular tourist attraction. | |||
Szeged's climate is transitional between ] (] ''Cfa'') and ] (Köppen ''Dfa''), with cold winters, hot summers, and fairly low precipitation. Due to the high hours of sunlight reported annually, Szeged is often called ''City of Sunshine'' ({{lang|hu|Napfény városa}}).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.origo.hu/sport/egyeni/20060508anapfeny.html|title=A napfény városa|website=www.origo.hu/|date=8 May 2006 |publisher=New Wave Media Group}}</ref> On 23 July 2022, a maximum temperature of {{convert|40.1|°C}} was registered in Szeged.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=12982&ano=2022&mes=7&day=24&hora=0&min=0&ndays=30|title=12982: Szeged (Hungary)|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 23 July 2022|website=ogimet.com |publisher=] |access-date= 24 July 2022|quote=}}</ref> | |||
{{Weather box | |||
The famous Open Air Plays of Szeged (first held in ]) are one of the main attractions; they are held every summer. | |||
|width = auto | |||
|location = Szeged, 1991–2020 | |||
|metric first = Yes | |||
|single line = Yes | |||
|Jan record high C = 17.5 | |||
|Feb record high C = 20.5 | |||
|Mar record high C = 24.9 | |||
|Apr record high C = 31.6 | |||
|May record high C = 34.0 | |||
|Jun record high C = 38.0 | |||
|Jul record high C = 39.6 | |||
|Aug record high C = 39.4 | |||
|Sep record high C = 37.6 | |||
|Oct record high C = 29.1 | |||
|Nov record high C = 23.5 | |||
|Dec record high C = 16.5 | |||
|year record high C = 39.6 | |||
|Jan high C = 3.4 | |||
|Feb high C = 6.3 | |||
|Mar high C = 12.1 | |||
|Apr high C = 18.5 | |||
|May high C = 23.2 | |||
|Jun high C = 26.9 | |||
|Jul high C = 28.9 | |||
|Aug high C = 29.4 | |||
|Sep high C = 23.8 | |||
|Oct high C = 17.7 | |||
|Nov high C = 10.6 | |||
|Dec high C = 4.1 | |||
|year high C = 17.1 | |||
|Jan mean C = -0.1 | |||
|Feb mean C = 1.6 | |||
|Mar mean C = 6.4 | |||
|Apr mean C = 12.0 | |||
|May mean C = 16.9 | |||
|Jun mean C = 20.6 | |||
|Jul mean C = 22.3 | |||
|Aug mean C = 22.4 | |||
|Sep mean C = 17.2 | |||
|Oct mean C = 11.7 | |||
|Nov mean C = 6.1 | |||
|Dec mean C = 1.0 | |||
|year mean C = 11.5 | |||
|Jan low C = -3.0 | |||
|Feb low C = -2.3 | |||
|Mar low C = 1.3 | |||
|Apr low C = 6.1 | |||
|May low C = 10.9 | |||
|Jun low C = 14.3 | |||
|Jul low C = 15.7 | |||
|Aug low C = 15.8 | |||
|Sep low C = 11.4 | |||
|Oct low C = 6.7 | |||
|Nov low C = 2.5 | |||
|Dec low C = -1.7 | |||
|year low C = 6.5 | |||
|Jan record low C = -25.1 | |||
|Feb record low C = -23.1 | |||
|Mar record low C = -19.6 | |||
|Apr record low C = -6.8 | |||
|May record low C = 0.9 | |||
|Jun record low C = 3.9 | |||
|Jul record low C = 6.2 | |||
|Aug record low C = 7.5 | |||
|Sep record low C = 1.0 | |||
|Oct record low C = -7.9 | |||
|Nov record low C = -11.9 | |||
|Dec record low C = -25.0 | |||
|year record low C = -25.1 | |||
|precipitation colour = green | |||
|Jan precipitation mm = 27.3 | |||
|Feb precipitation mm = 30.1 | |||
|Mar precipitation mm = 29.7 | |||
|Apr precipitation mm = 36.6 | |||
|May precipitation mm = 60.8 | |||
|Jun precipitation mm = 75.3 | |||
|Jul precipitation mm = 61.6 | |||
|Aug precipitation mm = 43.5 | |||
|Sep precipitation mm = 49.1 | |||
|Oct precipitation mm = 44.6 | |||
|Nov precipitation mm = 37.0 | |||
|Dec precipitation mm = 39.3 | |||
|year precipitation mm = 534.9 | |||
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | |||
|Jan precipitation days = 6.0 | |||
|Feb precipitation days = 5.8 | |||
|Mar precipitation days = 5.7 | |||
|Apr precipitation days = 5.8 | |||
|May precipitation days = 7.8 | |||
|Jun precipitation days = 8.1 | |||
|Jul precipitation days = 6.6 | |||
|Aug precipitation days = 5.5 | |||
|Sep precipitation days = 6.8 | |||
|Oct precipitation days = 6.1 | |||
|Nov precipitation days = 6.3 | |||
|Dec precipitation days = 7.0 | |||
|year precipitation days = 77.5 | |||
|Jan humidity = 86.9 | |||
|Feb humidity = 80.2 | |||
|Mar humidity = 69.9 | |||
|Apr humidity = 64.9 | |||
|May humidity = 67.0 | |||
|Jun humidity = 68.4 | |||
|Jul humidity = 65.9 | |||
|Aug humidity = 64.6 | |||
|Sep humidity = 70.0 | |||
|Oct humidity = 76.5 | |||
|Nov humidity = 83.3 | |||
|Dec humidity = 87.9 | |||
|year humidity = 73.8 | |||
|Jan sun = 59 | |||
|Feb sun = 94 | |||
|Mar sun = 143 | |||
|Apr sun = 173 | |||
|May sun = 234 | |||
|Jun sun = 252 | |||
|Jul sun = 278 | |||
|Aug sun = 263 | |||
|Sep sun = 199 | |||
|Oct sun = 153 | |||
|Nov sun = 77 | |||
|Dec sun = 53 | |||
|source 1 = NOAA<ref name=NOAA9120r>{{cite web | |||
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Hungary/CSV/SzegedKulterulet_12982.csv | |||
|title = Szeged Climate Normals 1991-2020 | |||
|publisher = ] | |||
|access-date = September 21, 2023 | |||
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230921094554/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Hungary/CSV/SzegedKulterulet_12982.csv | |||
|archive-date = 2023-09-21}}</ref> | |||
|source 2 = ] (sunshine 1981–2010)<ref name="WMO">{{cite web | |||
|url = https://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=65 | |||
|title = World Weather Information Service | |||
|publisher = WMO | |||
|access-date = 3 July 2023 | |||
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230921094306/https://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=65 | |||
|archive-date = 2023-09-21}}</ref> | |||
}} | |||
== Education == | == Education == | ||
{{see also|University of Szeged}} | |||
]]] | |||
The city of Szeged has 62 ], 32 elementary schools and 18 high schools. The two most prominent high schools (''Ságvári Endre Gyakorló Gimnázium'' and ''Radnóti Miklós Kísérleti Gimnázium'') are in the top fifteen in the country. | |||
Szeged is the higher education centre of the ] and has built quite a reputation for itself. Thousands of students study here, many of whom are foreigners. The ] is according to the number of students the ] and the ] of Hungary being established in 1581. Ranked as the top university of the country on , and in the top 100 in Europe, it offers several programs on different fields of study. | |||
]-ALPS research institute under construction in 2017]] | |||
The '']'' of the ], which was built with the help of ] funds, has also been a considerable source of advanced research. Scientists at this laboratory were first in the world to produce ''artificial heredity material'' in the year 2000. The building has served as a home to many well known conferences and continues to make contributions to the world of science. | |||
The ''Szent-Györgyi Albert Agóra'' is a cultural scientific centre of Szeged which gives home to laboratories of the Biological Research Centre and to exhibitions of the ] especially their IT historical exposition. | |||
In 2018 the new scientific institution, the ''] Attosecond Light Pulse Source'' (ELI-ALPS) opened in Szeged establishing a unique facility which provides light sources within an extremely broad frequency range in the form of ultrashort pulses with high repetition rate which is needed for different kinds of physical experiments especially in the field of ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eli-alps.hu/?q=hu/Mi_az_ELI-ALPS|title=ELI-ALPS Research Institute | Towards the sharp end of attoscience|website=www.eli-alps.hu}}</ref> | |||
It is also one of the main options for medical students who come from all around Europe to study Medicine in their recognized international campus. | |||
== Demographics == | |||
{{Historical populations | |||
|1870 | 56901 | |||
|1880 | 59143 | |||
|1890 | 68924 | |||
|1900 | 82803 | |||
|1910 | 96063 | |||
|1920 | 100175 | |||
|1930 | 108448 | |||
|1941 | 110740 | |||
|1949 | 104867 | |||
|1960 | 117515 | |||
|1970 | 145312 | |||
|1980 | 164437 | |||
|1990 | 169930 | |||
|2001 | 168273 | |||
|2011 | 168048 | |||
|2022 |158797|source=<ref>népesség.com, ''''</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Census database - Hungarian Central Statistical Office|url=https://nepszamlalas2022.ksh.hu/en/database/#/table/WBS002}}</ref>}} | |||
'''Ethnic groups (2001 census):''' | |||
* ] – 93.5% | |||
* ] – 0.7% | |||
* ] – 0.5% | |||
* ] – 0.2% | |||
* ] – 0.2% | |||
* ] – 0.1% | |||
* ] – 0.1% | |||
* No answer (unknown) – 4.7% | |||
'''Religions (2001 census):''' | |||
The city of Szeged has 62 ], 32 ], 18 ] and a ], which has been established by the unification of the past existing ] centres. The two most prominent high schools (''Ságvári Endre Gyakorló Gimnázium'' and ''Radnóti Miklós Gimnázium'') are among the fifteen best in the country. Szeged is the higher education centre of southern Hungary and has built quite a reputation for itself. Thousands of ] study here, many of whom are foreign students from all around the world. The '']'' of the ], which was built with the help of ] funds, has also been a considerable source of advanced research. Scientists at this ] were first in the world to produce ''artificial heredity material'' in the year ]. The building has served as a home to many well known conferences and continues to make contributions to the world of science. | |||
* ] – 54.5% | |||
The ] was ranked as the best university of the country on , and one of the best 100 of Europe. | |||
* ] – 6.7% | |||
* ] – 1.6% | |||
* ] – 0.6% | |||
* Others (Christian) – 1.3% | |||
* Others (non-Christian) – 0.4% | |||
* ] – 21.8% | |||
* No answer (unknown) – 13.1% | |||
== Economy == | == Economy == | ||
], completed and opened in September 2017]] | |||
Szeged is one of the centres of the food industry in Hungary, especially known for its ]<ref name="paprika"/>, Szekelygulyas,<ref name="szekelygulyas"/> and Pick salami. | |||
Szeged is one of the centres of food industry in Hungary, especially known for its ] and companies like ], ], ] etc. Other notable companies having their headquarters in Szeged are ],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.amsy.net/en/contact/|title=Contact Info – AMSY|website=www.amsy.net}}</ref> RRE – Szeged,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rre.hu/elerhetosegek|title=RRE – Szeged Nyomdaipari kft. – Elérhetőségek|access-date=4 May 2018|archive-date=15 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215074117/http://www.rre.hu/elerhetosegek|url-status=dead}}</ref> Optiwella,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.optiwella.com/#Contact|title=Optiwella | Docsis Cable Modems & CMTS|website=www.optiwella.com}}</ref> Generál Printing House,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://generalnyomda.hu/en/contact-us|title=Contact Us|website=generalnyomda.hu}}</ref> RotaPack,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rotapack.hu/en/contact.html|title=RotaPack – Contact|access-date=4 May 2018|archive-date=8 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708153736/http://www.rotapack.hu/en/contact.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sanex Pro,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sanexpro.hu/en/contact/|title=SanexPro|website=sanexpro.hu}}</ref> Agroplanta,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://agroplanta.hu/|title=AgroPlantaKft Szeged|website=agroplanta.hu}}</ref> Karotin,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://karotin.hu/node/4|title=Kapcsolat|website=karotin.hu|access-date=4 May 2018|archive-date=27 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927031230/http://www.karotin.hu/node/4|url-status=dead}}</ref> Florin,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://florin.hu/kapcsolat/|title=Kapcsolat – Florin}}</ref> Quadrotex<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.quadrotex.hu/web/hu/kapcsolat/|title=Kapcsolat|website=www.quadrotex.hu}}</ref> and Szeplast.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://szeplast.hu/contact|title=Contact|website=Szeplast Zrt.|access-date=4 May 2018|archive-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417102606/http://szeplast.hu/contact|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
Since this country joined the EU in 2004 and will be adapting the Euro currency in 2012, the prices of virtually everything have gone up. | |||
Others, like ],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.continental-industry.com/TopNavi/Company/ContiTech-Division/Location-Profiles/Hungary|title=Continental Industry – Innovator and Technological Pioneer for Rubber and Plastic Products|website=www.continental-industry.com|access-date=11 December 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211015241/https://www.continental-industry.com/TopNavi/Company/ContiTech-Division/Location-Profiles/Hungary|url-status=dead}}</ref> ], Szatmári Malom<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://amagyartermek.hu/szakmai-oldalak/partnerek/szatmari-malom-kft/78|title=Szatmári Malom|access-date=4 May 2018|archive-date=22 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122101512/http://amagyartermek.hu/szakmai-oldalak/partnerek/szatmari-malom-kft/78|url-status=dead}}</ref> and Europe Match,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.delmagyar.hu/szeged-es-kornyeke/megmenekult-az-egyetlen-hazai-gyufagyar-389470/|title=Megmenekült az egyetlen hazai gyufagyár|date=2006-11-15}}</ref> are not based in the city, but have production facilities there. | |||
==Gallery== | |||
<center> | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image:Szeged22.jpg|Church of Grey Friars | |||
Image:Szeged17.jpg| | |||
Image:Szeged-4bela.jpg|] ranked Szeged to city. | |||
Image:Szeged33.jpg| | |||
Image:Tisza-szeged1.jpg|Szeged bridge on Tisza. | |||
Image:Szeged 3.jpg| | |||
Image:Hungary szeged dome night 5.jpg|Votive Church at night. | |||
Image:Szeged44.jpg| | |||
Image:Megyeszékhely - Csongrád megye - Szeged.jpg|Aerial photography. | |||
Image:Szeged 2.jpg| | |||
Image:Szegedzs.jpg|Synagogue | |||
Image:Hungary szeged dom5.jpg|From the Dome | |||
</gallery> | |||
</center> | |||
The Hangár Expo and Conference Centre<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hangar-expo.hu/|title=Hangár-expó|website=www.hangar-expo.hu}}</ref> provides space for international exhibitions and conferences. | |||
== Main sights== | |||
* City centre, ''Dóm tér'' ("Cathedral Square") with the ] | |||
* Episcopal palace (centre of the ]) | |||
* Franciscan Church (], 15th century) | |||
* Serbian Orthodox Church (1773-1778) | |||
* Synagogue http://zsinagoga.szeged.hu/ | |||
* Minorite Church (], 18th century) | |||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
* Botanical Garden of the University | |||
* | |||
* ] "Black House", Museum of Currency | |||
* Eclectic building of Radnóti Miklós High School (Radnóti Miklós Gimnázium) | |||
===Largest employers=== | |||
==Famous people born in Szeged== | |||
{| class="wikitable"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cegfurkesz.hu/|title=Céglista letöltés! Cégkereső: cégnév, cím, adószám, főtevékenység szerint.|website=www.cegfurkesz.hu}}</ref> | |||
], the legendary football team of Hungary]] | |||
|- style="background:#ececec; vertical-align:top;" | |||
* ] (1975), hammer thrower | |||
|- | |||
* ] (1922–2006), actor | |||
! # | |||
* ] (1884–1949), writer, poet, film critic | |||
! Employer | |||
* ] (1964), politician | |||
! # of Employees | |||
* ] (1935), ] | |||
|- | |||
* ] (1976), water polo player | |||
| 1 | |||
* ] (1875–1960), composer | |||
| ] | |||
* ] (1926–2003), writer | |||
| 5,000 < | |||
* ] (1883 - 1937), poet | |||
|- | |||
* ] (1870–1951), chess grand master | |||
| 2 | |||
* ] (1975), water polo player | |||
| ] | |||
* ] (1927), Archbishop of ] | |||
| 2,000–4,999 | |||
* ] (1882-1955), illustrator | |||
|- | |||
* ] (1930), cinematographer | |||
| 3 | |||
| ] | |||
| 1,000–1,999 | |||
|- | |||
| 4 | |||
| Tisza-Volán | |||
| 1,000–1,999 | |||
|- | |||
| 5 | |||
| ] | |||
| 500–999 | |||
|- | |||
| 6 | |||
| Suli-Host | |||
| 500–999 | |||
|- | |||
| 7 | |||
| ] | |||
| 500–999 | |||
|- | |||
| 8 | |||
| Szegedi Szefo | |||
| 500–999 | |||
|- | |||
| 9 | |||
| ] | |||
| 300–499 | |||
|- | |||
| 10 | |||
| ] | |||
| 300–499 | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
==Twin towns== | |||
|+ Historical unemployment rate between 2000 and 2016<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nfsz.munka.hu:443/Lapok/full_afsz_kozos_statisztika/full_afsz_telepulessoros_munkanelkulisegi_adatok/full_afsz_stat_telepules_adatok_2016.aspx|title=2016|website=nfsz.munka.hu}}</ref> | |||
Szeged is ] with: | |||
|- style="background:#ececec; vertical-align:top" | |||
! Year | |||
! Unemployment rate (%) | |||
|- | |||
|2000 || 5.17% | |||
|- | |||
|2001 || 4.83% | |||
|- | |||
|2002 || 4.22% | |||
|- | |||
|2003 || 4.32% | |||
|- | |||
|2004 || 4.67% | |||
|- | |||
|2005 || 5.01% | |||
|- | |||
|2006 || 4.89% | |||
|- | |||
|2007 || 4.25% | |||
|- | |||
|2008 || 4.60% | |||
|- | |||
|2009 || 4.91% | |||
|- | |||
|2010 || 6.26% | |||
|- | |||
|2011 || 6.50% | |||
|- | |||
|2012 || 6.42% | |||
|- | |||
|2013 || 6.89% | |||
|- | |||
|2014 || 4.17% | |||
|- | |||
|2015 || 4.42% | |||
|- | |||
|2016 || 4.14% | |||
|} | |||
==Transport== | |||
{| | |||
] near Szeged]] | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
] | |||
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} ], ] | |||
] in Szeged (designed by ] in 1894)]] | |||
* {{flagicon|Germany}} ], ] | |||
Szeged is the most important transportation hub in the ]. Two motorways, ] and ], lie along the city border. Through the ] Szeged is connected to ], ] and ] to the north and to ], ] and ] in ] to the south. The ] – which splits from the M5 Motorway near Szeged – connects the city via ] to ] and ] in ]. In addition, there are other roads running from the city to Makó and ] (main road 43), to ] (main road 5), to ] (main road 5), to ] and ] (main road 55) and to ], ] and ] (main road 47). | |||
* {{flagicon|France}} ], ] | |||
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} ], ] | |||
The Budapest-Szeged-rail line is an important rail connection, as well as the railway lines 121 (to Makó), 135 (to Hódmezővásárhely), 136 (to Röszke) and 140 (to Kiskunfélegyháza).<ref></ref> | |||
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} ], ] | |||
* {{flagicon|Italy}} ], ] | |||
A ] system was constructed and inaugurated in November 2021, connecting Szeged with the neighbouring ], thus creating the second most populous ] in the country, after the capital. There was a proposal for its extension, even through the Serbian border, to ]. | |||
* {{flagicon|Belgium}} ], ] | |||
* {{flagicon|Montenegro}} ], ] | |||
The city is also a common stop for national and international long-distance buses. | |||
* {{flagicon|Netherlands}} ], ] | |||
* {{flagicon|Romania}} ], ] | |||
===Motorways=== | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
* ] | |||
* {{flagicon|Serbia}} ], ] | |||
* ] | |||
* {{flagicon|Romania}} ], ] | |||
* {{flagicon|USA}} ], ] | |||
===Railways=== | |||
* {{flagicon|Finland}} ], ] | |||
* 121 (to Makó) | |||
* {{flagicon|Poland}} ], ] | |||
* 135 (to Hódmezővásárhely) | |||
* {{flagicon|China}} ], ] | |||
* 136 (to Röszke) | |||
* {{flagicon|Cyprus}} ], ] | |||
* 140 (to Kiskunfélegyháza). | |||
* {{flagicon|Croatia}} ], ] | |||
* {{flagicon|Israel}} ], ] | |||
===Airport=== | |||
] is the international airport of Szeged. | |||
===Public transport=== | |||
{{See also|Public transport in Szeged}} | |||
Public transport in Szeged is provided by ] ({{langx|hu|Szegedi Közlekdési Társaság}} or ''SZKT''), owned by the municipal government, and ], owned by the national government. Forming the backbone of SZKT's network are 5 ] and 6 trolleybus lines, which are supplemented by 38 bus lines.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://szkt.hu/vonalhalozat|title=Vonalhálózat – Szegedi Közlekedési Társaság}}</ref> ] operates regional and intercity trains, as well as international trains to ]. | |||
==Sport== | |||
] handball team]] | |||
=== Handball === | |||
The most popular sport in the city is ].{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} The city has one well-known club the ]-winner ] playing in the ]. They play at the ], opened in 2021. | |||
=== Association football === | |||
The second most popular sport is ] in the city. Szeged had several clubs playing in the top level Hungarian league, the ]. These are ], ]. The only currently operating club, ] play in the ]. | |||
*], currently competing in the ] | |||
*], currently competing in the ] | |||
*], currently competing in the ] | |||
*], defunct | |||
*], defunct | |||
*], defunct | |||
=== Speedway === | |||
] has had a long association with the city. The first track was at the SZEAC athletics stadium (also known as the Felső Tisza-parti Stadion or Városi stadion), which was located where the Pick Aréna is today.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sulinet.hu/oroksegtar/data/telepulesek_ertekei/szeged/szeged_tortenete_5/pages/026_a_varos_sportja.htm |title=I. A Varos Sprotja | website=Sulinet |access-date=14 February 2024}}</ref> The venue hosted finals of the ]. | |||
From 1978, the Volán speedway club moved to a new track built on Napos út at Béke telepi. This venue held important events, including qualifying rounds of the ] in 1983 and 1984<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dlprezes.pl.tl/SPEEDWAY--_--Indywidualne-mistrzostwa-%26%23346%3Bwiata-----------k1-World-Speedway-Championship-k2-.htm |title=World Championship |website=Metal Speedway |access-date=14 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.speedway.org/history/ |title=World Championship | website=Speedway.org |access-date=14 February 2024}}</ref> and a qualifying round of the ] in 1988 and 1990.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.internationalspeedway.co.uk/ |title=Speedway World Cup | website=International Speedway |access-date=14 February 2024}}</ref> The track closed, partly because of noise issues in a residential area, resulting in the speedway moving out of the city, 25 kilometres west, near to Mórahalom ({{coord|46|10|14|N|19|54|49|E|}}). | |||
== Main sights == | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;" | |||
|- | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] (11th century) | |||
| ] | |||
| The Water Tower of Szent István Square (1904) | |||
| ] | |||
|- | |||
| Church of ] (], 15th century) | |||
| ] | |||
| ] Museum (1896) | |||
| ] | |||
| ] (1907) | |||
| ] | |||
|- | |||
| City Hall (1728, 1804, 1883) | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
|- | |||
| Gróf-palace (1913) | |||
| ] | |||
| The Main Building of the ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] (1781) | |||
| ] | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Politics == | |||
The current mayor of Szeged is ] (Association for Szeged). | |||
The local Municipal Assembly, elected at the ], is made up of 33 members (1 Mayor, 23 Individual constituencies MEPs and 9 Compensation List MEPs) divided into this political parties and alliances:<ref>{{cite web|title=Városi közgyűlés tagjai 2019–2024 – Szeged (Csongrád megye)|url=https://www.valasztas.hu/telepules-adatlap_onk2019?_onknavigacio_WAR_nvinvrportlet_formDate=32503680000000&p_p_id=onknavigacio_WAR_nvinvrportlet&p_p_lifecycle=1&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-2&p_p_col_pos=1&p_p_col_count=5&_onknavigacio_WAR_nvinvrportlet_prpVlId=294&_onknavigacio_WAR_nvinvrportlet_prpVltId=687&_onknavigacio_WAR_nvinvrportlet_prpMegyeKod=06&_onknavigacio_WAR_nvinvrportlet_prpTelepulesKod=051&_onknavigacio_WAR_nvinvrportlet_settlement=szeged|agency=valasztas.hu}}</ref> | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
==References== | |||
! style="background:#ccc" colspan="2" | Party | |||
<references /> | |||
! style="background:#ccc" | Seats | |||
! style="background:#ccc" colspan="19" | Current Municipal Assembly | |||
|- | |||
| style="background-color: #E34234 | | |||
| Association for Szeged{{efn|name=opposition|Supported by ]-]-]-]-].}} | |||
| style="text-align: right" |'''19''' | |||
|style="background-color: #E34234 |<span style="color:white;">'''M'''</span> | |||
|style="background-color: #E34234 | | |||
|style="background-color: #E34234 | | |||
|style="background-color: #E34234 | | |||
|style="background-color: #E34234 | | |||
|style="background-color: #E34234 | | |||
|style="background-color: #E34234 | | |||
|style="background-color: #E34234 | | |||
|style="background-color: #E34234 | | |||
|style="background-color: #E34234 | | |||
|style="background-color: #E34234 | | |||
|style="background-color: #E34234 | | |||
|style="background-color: #E34234 | | |||
|style="background-color: #E34234 | | |||
|style="background-color: #E34234 | | |||
|style="background-color: #E34234 | | |||
|style="background-color: #E34234 | | |||
|style="background-color: #E34234 | | |||
|style="background-color: #E34234 | | |||
|- | |||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Fidesz}} | | |||
|]-] | |||
| style="text-align: right" | '''9''' | |||
|style="background-color: {{party color|Fidesz}} | | |||
|style="background-color: {{party color|Fidesz}} | | |||
|style="background-color: {{party color|Fidesz}} | | |||
|style="background-color: {{party color|Fidesz}} | | |||
|style="background-color: {{party color|Fidesz}} | | |||
|style="background-color: {{party color|Fidesz}} | | |||
|style="background-color: {{party color|Fidesz}} | | |||
|style="background-color: {{party color|Fidesz}} | | |||
|style="background-color: {{party color|Fidesz}} | | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| style="background-color: #CC7722 | | |||
| Independent Hungarian City Association (FVSZME) | |||
| style="text-align: right" | '''1''' | |||
|style="background-color: #CC7722 | | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
===List of mayors=== | |||
List of City Mayors from 1990:<ref>{{cite web|title=Szeged város polgármesterei és tanácselnökei 1715-től napjainkig|url=https://www.szegedvaros.hu/aranyoldalak/szeged-varos-polgarmesterei-es-tanacselnokei-1715-tol-napjainkig/|agency=szegedvaros.hu|access-date=3 November 2019}}</ref> | |||
{| class=wikitable | |||
|- | |||
! Member | |||
! colspan=2 | Party | |||
! Term of office | |||
|- | |||
| ] | |||
| style="background-color:{{party color|Fidesz}}" | | |||
| ]-] | |||
| 1990–1994 | |||
|- | |||
| ] | |||
| style="background-color:{{party color|Hungarian Socialist Party}}" | | |||
| ] | |||
| 1994–1998 | |||
|- | |||
| ] | |||
| style="background-color:{{party color|Fidesz}}" | | |||
| Fidesz-]-] | |||
| 1998–2002 | |||
|- | |||
|rowspan=2 | ] | |||
| style="background-color:{{party color|Hungarian Socialist Party}}" | | |||
| MSZP(2002–2019) | |||
|rowspan=2 | 2002– | |||
|- | |||
| style="background-color:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}" | | |||
| ](2019-){{efn|name=opposition}} | |||
|} | |||
==Media== | |||
] | |||
The city offers a wide range of media – television and radio stations, and print and online newspapers. | |||
===TV stations=== | |||
* Szeged TV | |||
* Tarjáni Kábeltévé Stúdió | |||
* TiszapART TV | |||
* Telin Televízió | |||
===Radio stations=== | |||
* "Rádió 88" FM 95,4 MHz | |||
* All in Party Radio | |||
* Rádió Mi, 89,9 MHz | |||
* Lánchíd Rádió, FM 100,2 MHz | |||
* MR1 Kossuth Rádió, FM 90,3 MHz | |||
* MR2 Petőfi Rádió, 104,6 MHz | |||
* MR3 Bartók Rádió, 105,7 MHz | |||
* Dankó Rádió, 93,1 MHz | |||
* , 87,9 MHz | |||
===Daily newspapers and news portals=== | |||
* Délmagyarország ({{URL|http://delmagyar.hu/}}) | |||
* {{URL|http://szeged.hu/}} | |||
* {{URL|http://szegeder.hu/}} | |||
* {{URL|http://szegedma.hu/}} | |||
* {{URL|http://szeged365.hu/}} | |||
* {{URL|https://szegedify.com/}} | |||
==Notable people== | |||
===Born in Szeged=== | |||
], the legendary football team of Hungary]] | |||
{{Category see also|People from Szeged}} | |||
{{div col|colwidth=30em}} | |||
*] (1975), hammer thrower | |||
*] (1922–2006), actor | |||
*] (1904-1968), artist | |||
*] (1884–1949), writer, poet, film critic | |||
*] (1964), politician | |||
*] (1888–1971) sculptor | |||
*] (1977) opera singer, physicist | |||
*] (1974), Olympic champion medley swimmer | |||
*] (1852–1939), engineer, co-inventor of the carburetor | |||
*] (1895–1979), operetta composer | |||
*] (1976), adult movie star | |||
*] (1935), ] | |||
*] (1976), Olympic champion water polo player | |||
*] (1875–1960), composer | |||
*] (1926–2003), writer | |||
*] (1882–1964), painter | |||
*] (1883–1937), poet | |||
*], Orthodox Jewish outreach speaker | |||
*] (1912–1977), photographer and Bauhaus graduate | |||
*] (1957–2023) actress and singer, member of the Hungarian music duo Pa-Dö-Dő. | |||
*{{Interlanguage link|Moses Max Löw|de|vertical-align=sup}} (1857{{ndash}}?), architect | |||
*] (1870–1951), chess grand master | |||
*] (1989), shot putter | |||
*] (1975), Olympic champion water polo player | |||
*] (born Miklós Mandl; 1892–1965), Hungarian-born American photographer and Olympic fencer | |||
*] (1967), speedway rider | |||
*] (1927–2015), Archbishop of ] | |||
*] (1982), singer | |||
*] (1882–1955), illustrator | |||
*] (1922–1999), pianist | |||
*] (1825–1912), ] general and diplomat | |||
*] (1967), Foreign minister of the Republic of Ghana | |||
*{{Interlanguage link|Péter Ágnes|hu|vertical-align=sup}} (1983), singer | |||
*] (1898), architect https://architectuul.com/architect/marianne-varnay | |||
*] (1983), Olympic champion canoer | |||
*] (1930), cinematographer | |||
{{div col end}} | |||
===Lived in Szeged=== | |||
{{div col|colwidth=25em}} | |||
*] poet, writer | |||
*] mathematician | |||
*] conductor | |||
*] mathematician | |||
*] poet | |||
*] mathematician | |||
*] Nobel prize winner biochemist | |||
*] poet, novelist | |||
*] chess grandmaster | |||
*] rabbi, Judaic scholar, politician | |||
*] rabbi, historian and Judaic scholar | |||
*] writer | |||
*] writer, archaeologist | |||
*] poet | |||
*] mathematician | |||
*] Nobel prize winner chemist and biologist | |||
*] mathematician | |||
*] communal worker | |||
*] (1848–1928), teacher and feminist | |||
{{div col end}} | |||
==International relations== | |||
===Twin towns – sister cities=== | |||
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Hungary}} | |||
Szeged is ] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Testvérvárosok|url=http://szegedtourism.hu/hu/helyek/testvervarosok/?accessibility=0|website=szegedtourism.hu|publisher=Szeged Tourism|language=hu|access-date=2019-10-12}}</ref> | |||
{{div col|colwidth=20em}} | |||
*{{flagicon|GBR}} ], United Kingdom (1987) | |||
*{{flagicon|GER}} ], Germany (1990) | |||
*{{flagicon|MNE}} ], Montenegro (2001) | |||
*{{flagicon|CYP}} ], Cyprus (1994) | |||
*{{flagicon|BEL}} ], Belgium (2001) | |||
*{{flagicon|POL}} ], Poland (2004) | |||
*{{flagicon|FRA}} ], France (1969) | |||
*{{flagicon|UKR}} ], Ukraine (1957) | |||
*{{flagicon|ITA}} ], Italy (1988) | |||
*{{flagicon|CRO}} ], Croatia (2003) | |||
*{{flagicon|UKR}} ], Ukraine (1939, renewed 1997) | |||
*{{flagicon|SRB}} ], Serbia (1966, renewed 2004) | |||
*{{flagicon|ROU}} ], Romania (1997) | |||
*{{flagicon|ROU}} ], Romania (1998) | |||
*{{flagicon|USA}} ], United States (1990) | |||
*{{flagicon|FIN}} ], Finland (1971) | |||
*{{flagicon|CHN}} ], China (1999) | |||
{{div col end}} | |||
===Partner cities=== | |||
{{div col|colwidth=20em}} | |||
*{{flagicon|SRB}} ], Serbia (2001) | |||
{{div col end}} | |||
==Gallery== | |||
<gallery class="center" widths="120" heights="120" perrow="6" style="border: 5px solid #a86; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); border-radius: 0.5em;"> | |||
Klauzal ter - panoramio.jpg|Klauzál Square | |||
Szeged nagy posta.jpg|Postal Palace | |||
A szeged-alsóvárosi ferences rendház és templom légi felvételen.jpg|Franciscan monastery and church | |||
Hungary szeged dome night 5.jpg|Votive Church at night | |||
Szeged-Alsóváros, ferences templom 2021 11.jpg|Relief of King ] | |||
Szeged IV. Béla szobra Somorjai 006.jpg|Statue of King ] | |||
Szeged, Kárász utca 16., Magyar Ede 16KJ.jpg|Unger–Mayer House (1911) | |||
Klebelsberg1.JPG|Statue of ] | |||
Szeged - Milkó-palota (29738098347).jpg|] architecture | |||
Szeged, Árvízi emlékmű SF.jpg|The Great Flood (1879) Statue | |||
Szegedi Tudományegyetem.jpg|Rector's Building, ] | |||
Szeged-egyetem5.jpg|Institute of Informatics & IT Department, University of Szeged | |||
Szeged-egyetem4.jpg|Faculty of Sciences (the chemistry building), University of Szeged | |||
Hungary szeged dom2.jpg|View from the Votive Church Dome | |||
Megyeszékhely - Csongrád megye - Szeged.jpg|Aerial photography | |||
Tisza-szeged1.jpg|Belvárosi bridge on the Tisza river | |||
Szeged-paprika1.jpg|Capsicum fruits in Szeged | |||
AnnafürdőSzeged06.jpg|Anna Thermal-Bath | |||
Szeged, Hungary. Suspended bridge.jpg|Szeged bridge on ] | |||
Szegedi Fekete-ház.jpg|Fekete-house | |||
</gallery> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* |
*] | ||
*] | |||
*] | |||
==Notes== | |||
== External links == | |||
{{notelist}} | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
==External links== | |||
{{Commons|Szeged}} | {{Commons|Szeged}} | ||
{{Wikivoyage|Szeged}} | |||
* | |||
* |
* {{in lang|hu|en}} | ||
* {{hu icon}} {{en icon}} | |||
{{Szeged District}} | |||
* {{en icon}} | |||
{{Csongrad}} | |||
* {{hu icon}} | |||
{{Regional capitals of Hungary}} | |||
* {{de icon}} {{hu icon}} | |||
{{Principal cities of Hungary}} | |||
* | |||
{{Cities with county rights (Hungary)}} | |||
* | |||
*{{Wikitravel|Szeged}} | |||
* | |||
<br> | |||
{{Hungarian counties}} | |||
{{Authority control}} | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | ] | ||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] |
Latest revision as of 20:31, 17 January 2025
City in Hungary Not to be confused with Seget.City with county rights in Southern Great Plain, Hungary
Szeged | |
---|---|
City with county rights | |
Szeged Megyei Jogú Város | |
| |
FlagCoat of arms | |
Nickname: City of Sunshine (Napfény városa) | |
SzegedShow map of Csongrád CountySzegedShow map of Hungary | |
Coordinates: 46°15′18″N 20°08′42″E / 46.255°N 20.145°E / 46.255; 20.145 | |
Country | Hungary |
Region | Southern Great Plain |
County | Csongrád-Csanád |
District | Szeged |
City status | 1498 |
Government | |
• Mayor | László Botka (Independent) |
• Deputy mayor |
List
|
• Town Notary | Éva Martonosi |
Area | |
• City with county rights | 280.84 km (108.43 sq mi) |
• Rank | 11th in Hungary |
Elevation | 76 m (249.34 ft) |
Highest elevation | 76.7 m (251.6 ft) |
Lowest elevation | 75.8 m (248.7 ft) |
Population | |
• City with county rights | 160,766 |
• Rank | 3rd in Hungary |
• Density | 612.28/km (1,585.8/sq mi) |
• Urban | 239,025 (7th) |
Demonym | szegedi |
Population by ethnicity | |
• Hungarians | 83.9% |
• Romani | 0.9% |
• Germans | 0.9% |
• Serbs | 0.8% |
• Romanians | 0.3% |
• Slovaks | 0.2% |
• Other | 2.1% |
Population by religion | |
• Roman Catholic | 36.4% |
• Greek Catholic | 0.4% |
• Calvinists | 4.8% |
• Lutherans | 1.2% |
• Jews | 0.1% |
• Other | 2.4% |
• Non-religious | 23.4% |
• Unknown | 31.4% |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Postal code | 6700 to 6729, 6753, 6757, 6771, 6791 |
Area code | (+36) 62 |
Motorways | M5 Motorway M43 Motorway |
NUTS 3 code | HU333 |
Distance from Budapest | 162.8 km (101.2 mi) Northwest |
Airport | Szeged (LHUD) |
MPs | List |
Website | www |
Szeged (/ˈsɛɡɛd/ SEG-ed, Hungarian: [ˈsɛɡɛd] ; see also other alternative names) is the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat of Csongrád-Csanád county. The University of Szeged is one of the most distinguished universities in Hungary.
The Szeged Open Air (Theatre) Festival (first held in 1931) is one of the main attractions, held every summer and celebrated as the Day of the City on 21 May.
Etymology
It is possible that the name Szeged is a mutated and truncated form of the final syllables of Partiscum, the name of a Roman colony founded in the 2nd century, on or near the site of modern Szeged. In Latin language contexts, Partiscum has long been assumed to be synonymous with Szeged. The Latin name is also the basis of the city's Greek name Παρτίσκον Partiskon.
However, Szeged might instead have originated (or been influenced by) an old Hungarian word for "corner" (szeg), pointing to the turn of the river Tisza that flows through the city. Others say it derives from the Hungarian word sziget which means "island". Others still contend that szeg means "dark blond" (sötétszőkés) – a reference to the color of the water where the rivers Tisza and Maros merge.
Szeged has a variety of names in languages other than Hungarian. These are usually formed by the addition of a suffix -in to the Hungarian name: Romanian: Seghedin; German: Szegedin or Segedin; Serbo-Croatian: Segedin/Сегедин; Italian: Seghedino; Latvian: Segeda; Lithuanian: Segedas; Polish: Segedyn; Slovak and Czech: Segedín; Turkish: Segedin.
History
Szeged and its area have been inhabited since ancient times. Ptolemy mentions the oldest known name of the city: Partiscum (Ancient Greek: Πάρτισκον). It is possible that Attila, king of the Huns had his seat somewhere in this area. The name Szeged was first mentioned in 1183, in a document of King Béla III.
In the second century AD there was a Roman trading post established on an island in the Tisza, and the foundations of the Szeged castle suggest that the structure may have been built over an even earlier fort. Today only one corner of the castle still remains standing.
During the Mongol invasion the town was destroyed and its inhabitants fled to the nearby swamps, but they soon returned and rebuilt their town. In the 14th century, during the reign of Louis the Great, Szeged became the most important town of Southern Hungary, and – as the Turkish armies got closer to Hungary – the strategic importance of Szeged grew. King Sigismund of Luxembourg had a wall built around the town. Szeged was raised to free royal town status in 1498.
Szeged was first pillaged by the Ottoman Army on 28 September 1526, but was occupied only in 1543, and became an administrative centre of the Ottomans (see Ottoman Hungary). The town was a sanjak centre first in Budin Eyaleti (1543–1596), after in Eğri Eyaleti. The town was freed from Turkish rule on 23 October 1686, and regained the free royal town status in 1715. In 1719, Szeged received its coat of arms (still used today) from Charles III. During the next several years, Szeged grew and prospered. Piarist monks arrived in Szeged in 1719 and opened a new grammar school in 1721. Szeged also held scientific lectures and theatrical plays. These years brought not only prosperity but also enlightenment. Between 1728 and 1744 witch trials were frequent in the town, with the Szeged witch trials of 1728–29 perhaps being the largest. The witch trials were instigated by the authorities, who decided on this measure to remove the problem of the public complaints about the drought and its consequences of famine and epidemics by laying the responsibility on people among them, which had fraternized with the Devil. In 1720, the ethnic Hungarian population of the town numbered about 13000 to 16000, while the number of the Serb inhabitants was 1300.
The first printing press was established in 1801, and the old town hall and the civil hospital were built at the same time.
Szeged is known as the home of paprika, a spice made from dried, powdered capsicum fruits. Paprika arrived in Hungary in the second half of the 16th century as an ornamental plant. About 100 years later the plant was cultivated as an herb, and paprika as we know it. Szeged is also famous for their szekelygulyas, a goulash made with pork, sauerkraut and sour cream. And also famous for their halászlé, fish soup made of carp and catfish.
The citizens of Szeged played an important part in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. Lajos Kossuth delivered his famous speech here. Szeged was the last seat of the revolutionary government in July 1849. The Habsburg rulers punished the leaders of the town, but later Szeged began to prosper again; the railway reached it in 1854, and the town got its free royal town status back in 1860. Mark Pick's shop – the predecessor of today's Pick Salami Factory – was opened in 1869.
Today the inner city of Szeged has wide avenues. This is mainly due to the great flood of 1879, which wiped away the whole town (only 265 of the 5723 houses remained and 165 people died). Emperor Franz Joseph visited the town and promised that "Szeged will be more beautiful than it used to be". He kept his promise, and during the next years a new, modern city emerged from the ruins, with palaces and wide streets.
20th century
After the First World War Hungary lost its southern territories to Serbia, as a result Szeged became a city close to the border, and its importance lessened, but as it took over roles that formerly belonged to the now lost cities, it slowly recovered. Following the Loss of Transylvania to Romania, University of Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca), moved to Szeged in 1921 (see University of Szeged). In 1923 Szeged took over the role of episcopal seat from Temesvár (now Timișoara, Romania). It was briefly occupied by the Romanian army during Hungarian-Romanian War in 1919. It also became a center for right-wing forces which would install Miklós Horthy as the country's new leader after the overthrow of the Hungarian Soviet Republic. During the 1920s the Jewish population of Szeged grew and reached its zenith.
Szeged suffered heavily during World War II. 6,000 inhabitants of the city were killed, In 1941, there were 4,161 Jews living in Szeged. After, March 19, 1944 German occupation, they were confined to a ghetto together with the Jews from surrounding villages. In June, 1944, the ghetto was liquidated. The Nazis murdered the larger part of the 8,500 and some were forced into forced labor in Strasshof Labor camp, Austria. Szeged was captured by Soviet troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front on 11 October 1944 in the course of the Battle of Debrecen. During the communist era, Szeged became a centre of light industry and food industry. In 1965, oil was found near the city.
In 1962, Szeged became the county seat of Csongrád. Whole new districts were built, and many nearby villages (e.g. Tápé, Szőreg, Kiskundorozsma, Szentmihálytelek, Gyálarét) were annexed to the city in 1973 (as was a tendency during the Communist era).
Today's Szeged is an important university town and a tourist attraction.
The Szeged Symphony Orchestra (Szegedi Szimfonikus Zenekar) gives regular concerts at the Szegedi Nemzeti Színház.
Geography
Szeged is situated near the southern border of Hungary, just to the south of the mouth of the Maros River, on both banks of the Tisza River, nearly in the centre of the Carpathian Basin. The Hungarian frontier with Serbia is just outside the town.
Climate
Szeged's climate is transitional between humid subtropical (Köppen Cfa) and humid continental (Köppen Dfa), with cold winters, hot summers, and fairly low precipitation. Due to the high hours of sunlight reported annually, Szeged is often called City of Sunshine (Napfény városa). On 23 July 2022, a maximum temperature of 40.1 °C (104.2 °F) was registered in Szeged.
Climate data for Szeged, 1991–2020 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 17.5 (63.5) |
20.5 (68.9) |
24.9 (76.8) |
31.6 (88.9) |
34.0 (93.2) |
38.0 (100.4) |
39.6 (103.3) |
39.4 (102.9) |
37.6 (99.7) |
29.1 (84.4) |
23.5 (74.3) |
16.5 (61.7) |
39.6 (103.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.4 (38.1) |
6.3 (43.3) |
12.1 (53.8) |
18.5 (65.3) |
23.2 (73.8) |
26.9 (80.4) |
28.9 (84.0) |
29.4 (84.9) |
23.8 (74.8) |
17.7 (63.9) |
10.6 (51.1) |
4.1 (39.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.1 (31.8) |
1.6 (34.9) |
6.4 (43.5) |
12.0 (53.6) |
16.9 (62.4) |
20.6 (69.1) |
22.3 (72.1) |
22.4 (72.3) |
17.2 (63.0) |
11.7 (53.1) |
6.1 (43.0) |
1.0 (33.8) |
11.5 (52.7) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.0 (26.6) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
1.3 (34.3) |
6.1 (43.0) |
10.9 (51.6) |
14.3 (57.7) |
15.7 (60.3) |
15.8 (60.4) |
11.4 (52.5) |
6.7 (44.1) |
2.5 (36.5) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
6.5 (43.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | −25.1 (−13.2) |
−23.1 (−9.6) |
−19.6 (−3.3) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
0.9 (33.6) |
3.9 (39.0) |
6.2 (43.2) |
7.5 (45.5) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−11.9 (10.6) |
−25.0 (−13.0) |
−25.1 (−13.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 27.3 (1.07) |
30.1 (1.19) |
29.7 (1.17) |
36.6 (1.44) |
60.8 (2.39) |
75.3 (2.96) |
61.6 (2.43) |
43.5 (1.71) |
49.1 (1.93) |
44.6 (1.76) |
37.0 (1.46) |
39.3 (1.55) |
534.9 (21.06) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.0 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 7.0 | 77.5 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 86.9 | 80.2 | 69.9 | 64.9 | 67.0 | 68.4 | 65.9 | 64.6 | 70.0 | 76.5 | 83.3 | 87.9 | 73.8 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 59 | 94 | 143 | 173 | 234 | 252 | 278 | 263 | 199 | 153 | 77 | 53 | 1,978 |
Source 1: NOAA | |||||||||||||
Source 2: WMO (sunshine 1981–2010) |
Education
See also: University of SzegedThe city of Szeged has 62 kindergartens, 32 elementary schools and 18 high schools. The two most prominent high schools (Ságvári Endre Gyakorló Gimnázium and Radnóti Miklós Kísérleti Gimnázium) are in the top fifteen in the country.
Szeged is the higher education centre of the Southern Great Plain and has built quite a reputation for itself. Thousands of students study here, many of whom are foreigners. The University of Szeged is according to the number of students the second largest and the 4th oldest university of Hungary being established in 1581. Ranked as the top university of the country on Academic Ranking of World Universities – 2005, and in the top 100 in Europe, it offers several programs on different fields of study.
The Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, which was built with the help of UNESCO funds, has also been a considerable source of advanced research. Scientists at this laboratory were first in the world to produce artificial heredity material in the year 2000. The building has served as a home to many well known conferences and continues to make contributions to the world of science.
The Szent-Györgyi Albert Agóra is a cultural scientific centre of Szeged which gives home to laboratories of the Biological Research Centre and to exhibitions of the John von Neumann Computer Society especially their IT historical exposition.
In 2018 the new scientific institution, the ELI Attosecond Light Pulse Source (ELI-ALPS) opened in Szeged establishing a unique facility which provides light sources within an extremely broad frequency range in the form of ultrashort pulses with high repetition rate which is needed for different kinds of physical experiments especially in the field of attosecond physics.
It is also one of the main options for medical students who come from all around Europe to study Medicine in their recognized international campus.
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1870 | 56,901 | — |
1880 | 59,143 | +3.9% |
1890 | 68,924 | +16.5% |
1900 | 82,803 | +20.1% |
1910 | 96,063 | +16.0% |
1920 | 100,175 | +4.3% |
1930 | 108,448 | +8.3% |
1941 | 110,740 | +2.1% |
1949 | 104,867 | −5.3% |
1960 | 117,515 | +12.1% |
1970 | 145,312 | +23.7% |
1980 | 164,437 | +13.2% |
1990 | 169,930 | +3.3% |
2001 | 168,273 | −1.0% |
2011 | 168,048 | −0.1% |
2022 | 158,797 | −5.5% |
Source: |
Ethnic groups (2001 census):
- Hungarians – 93.5%
- Romani – 0.7%
- Germans – 0.5%
- Serbs – 0.2%
- Romanians – 0.2%
- Croats – 0.1%
- Slovaks – 0.1%
- No answer (unknown) – 4.7%
Religions (2001 census):
- Roman Catholic – 54.5%
- Calvinist – 6.7%
- Lutheran – 1.6%
- Greek Catholic – 0.6%
- Others (Christian) – 1.3%
- Others (non-Christian) – 0.4%
- Atheist – 21.8%
- No answer (unknown) – 13.1%
Economy
Szeged is one of the centres of food industry in Hungary, especially known for its paprika and companies like Pick Szeged, Sole-Mizo, Bonafarm etc. Other notable companies having their headquarters in Szeged are AMSY International, RRE – Szeged, Optiwella, Generál Printing House, RotaPack, Sanex Pro, Agroplanta, Karotin, Florin, Quadrotex and Szeplast.
Others, like ContiTech, Duna-Dráva Cement, Szatmári Malom and Europe Match, are not based in the city, but have production facilities there.
The Hangár Expo and Conference Centre provides space for international exhibitions and conferences.
Largest employers
# | Employer | # of Employees |
---|---|---|
1 | University of Szeged | 5,000 < |
2 | Pick Szeged | 2,000–4,999 |
3 | Sole-Mizo | 1,000–1,999 |
4 | Tisza-Volán | 1,000–1,999 |
5 | EDF-Démász | 500–999 |
6 | Suli-Host | 500–999 |
7 | Szegedi Közlekedési Társaság | 500–999 |
8 | Szegedi Szefo | 500–999 |
9 | Coop | 300–499 |
10 | Engie | 300–499 |
Year | Unemployment rate (%) |
---|---|
2000 | 5.17% |
2001 | 4.83% |
2002 | 4.22% |
2003 | 4.32% |
2004 | 4.67% |
2005 | 5.01% |
2006 | 4.89% |
2007 | 4.25% |
2008 | 4.60% |
2009 | 4.91% |
2010 | 6.26% |
2011 | 6.50% |
2012 | 6.42% |
2013 | 6.89% |
2014 | 4.17% |
2015 | 4.42% |
2016 | 4.14% |
Transport
Szeged is the most important transportation hub in the Southern Great Plain. Two motorways, M5 and M43, lie along the city border. Through the M5 Motorway Szeged is connected to Kecskemét, Kiskunfélegyháza and Budapest to the north and to Subotica, Novi Sad and Belgrade in Serbia to the south. The M43 Motorway – which splits from the M5 Motorway near Szeged – connects the city via Makó to Arad and Timișoara in Romania. In addition, there are other roads running from the city to Makó and Nagylak (main road 43), to Röszke (main road 5), to Kiskunfélegyháza (main road 5), to Ásotthalom and Baja (main road 55) and to Hódmezővásárhely, Orosháza and Békéscsaba (main road 47).
The Budapest-Szeged-rail line is an important rail connection, as well as the railway lines 121 (to Makó), 135 (to Hódmezővásárhely), 136 (to Röszke) and 140 (to Kiskunfélegyháza).
A tram-train system was constructed and inaugurated in November 2021, connecting Szeged with the neighbouring Hódmezővásárhely, thus creating the second most populous urban agglomeration in the country, after the capital. There was a proposal for its extension, even through the Serbian border, to Subotica.
The city is also a common stop for national and international long-distance buses.
Motorways
Railways
- 121 (to Makó)
- 135 (to Hódmezővásárhely)
- 136 (to Röszke)
- 140 (to Kiskunfélegyháza).
Airport
Szeged Airport is the international airport of Szeged.
Public transport
See also: Public transport in SzegedPublic transport in Szeged is provided by Szeged Transport Ltd. (Hungarian: Szegedi Közlekdési Társaság or SZKT), owned by the municipal government, and Volánbusz, owned by the national government. Forming the backbone of SZKT's network are 5 tram lines and 6 trolleybus lines, which are supplemented by 38 bus lines. Hungarian State Railways operates regional and intercity trains, as well as international trains to Subotica.
Sport
Handball
The most popular sport in the city is handball. The city has one well-known club the 2013–14 EHF Cup-winner SC Pick Szeged playing in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I. They play at the Pick Aréna, opened in 2021.
Association football
The second most popular sport is football in the city. Szeged had several clubs playing in the top level Hungarian league, the Nemzeti Bajnokság I. These are Szegedi AK, Szegedi Honvéd SE. The only currently operating club, Szeged 2011 play in the Nemzeti Bajnokság II.
- Szeged 2011, currently competing in the 2018–19 Nemzeti Bajnokság III
- Szegedi Egységes Oktatási Labdarúgó SC, currently competing in the 2018–19 Nemzeti Bajnokság III
- Szegedi VSE, currently competing in the Csongrád county championship
- Szegedi EAC, defunct
- Szegedi AK, defunct
- Szegedi Honvéd SE, defunct
Speedway
Motorcycle speedway has had a long association with the city. The first track was at the SZEAC athletics stadium (also known as the Felső Tisza-parti Stadion or Városi stadion), which was located where the Pick Aréna is today. The venue hosted finals of the Hungarian Individual Speedway Championship.
From 1978, the Volán speedway club moved to a new track built on Napos út at Béke telepi. This venue held important events, including qualifying rounds of the Speedway World Championship in 1983 and 1984 and a qualifying round of the Speedway World Team Cup in 1988 and 1990. The track closed, partly because of noise issues in a residential area, resulting in the speedway moving out of the city, 25 kilometres west, near to Mórahalom (46°10′14″N 19°54′49″E / 46.17056°N 19.91361°E / 46.17056; 19.91361).
Main sights
Votive Church (1930) | Dömötör Tower (11th century) | The Water Tower of Szent István Square (1904) | |||
Church of Grey Friars (Gothic, 15th century) | Ferenc Móra Museum (1896) | Reök palace (1907) | |||
City Hall (1728, 1804, 1883) | Szeged Synagogue | National Theatre of Szeged | |||
Gróf-palace (1913) | The Main Building of the University | Saint Nicholas Serbian Orthodox Church (1781) |
Politics
The current mayor of Szeged is László Botka (Association for Szeged).
The local Municipal Assembly, elected at the 2019 local government elections, is made up of 33 members (1 Mayor, 23 Individual constituencies MEPs and 9 Compensation List MEPs) divided into this political parties and alliances:
Party | Seats | Current Municipal Assembly | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Association for Szeged | 19 | M | |||||||||||||||||||
Fidesz-KDNP | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Independent Hungarian City Association (FVSZME) | 1 |
List of mayors
List of City Mayors from 1990:
Member | Party | Term of office | |
---|---|---|---|
Pál Lippai | Fidesz-SZDSZ | 1990–1994 | |
István Szalay | MSZP | 1994–1998 | |
László Bartha | Fidesz-FKgP-MDF | 1998–2002 | |
László Botka | MSZP(2002–2019) | 2002– | |
Independent(2019-) |
Media
The city offers a wide range of media – television and radio stations, and print and online newspapers.
TV stations
- Szeged TV
- Tarjáni Kábeltévé Stúdió
- TiszapART TV
- Telin Televízió
Radio stations
- "Rádió 88" FM 95,4 MHz
- All in Party Radio
- Rádió Mi, 89,9 MHz
- Lánchíd Rádió, FM 100,2 MHz
- MR1 Kossuth Rádió, FM 90,3 MHz
- MR2 Petőfi Rádió, 104,6 MHz
- MR3 Bartók Rádió, 105,7 MHz
- Dankó Rádió, 93,1 MHz
- Rádió1, 87,9 MHz
Daily newspapers and news portals
- Délmagyarország (delmagyar
.hu) - szeged
.hu - szegeder
.hu - szegedma
.hu - szeged365
.hu - szegedify
.com
Notable people
Born in Szeged
See also: Category:People from Szeged- Adrián Annus (1975), hammer thrower
- Gábor Agárdy (1922–2006), actor
- Miloš Babić (1904-1968), artist
- Béla Balázs (1884–1949), writer, poet, film critic
- Zsolt Becsey (1964), politician
- Joseph Csaky (1888–1971) sculptor
- Krisztián Cser (1977) opera singer, physicist
- Attila Czene (1974), Olympic champion medley swimmer
- János Csonka (1852–1939), engineer, co-inventor of the carburetor
- Mihály Erdélyi (1895–1979), operetta composer
- Sophie Evans (1976), adult movie star
- Ivan Fellegi (1935), Chief Statistician of Canada
- Rajmund Fodor (1976), Olympic champion water polo player
- Jenő Huszka (1875–1960), composer
- Éva Janikovszky (1926–2003), writer
- Ferenc Joachim (1882–1964), painter
- Gyula Juhász (1883–1937), poet
- Esther Jungreis, Orthodox Jewish outreach speaker
- Judith Karasz (1912–1977), photographer and Bauhaus graduate
- Györgyi Lang (1957–2023) actress and singer, member of the Hungarian music duo Pa-Dö-Dő.
- Moses Max Löw (1857–?), architect
- Géza Maróczy (1870–1951), chess grand master
- Anita Márton (1989), shot putter
- Tamás Molnár (1975), Olympic champion water polo player
- Nickolas Muray (born Miklós Mandl; 1892–1965), Hungarian-born American photographer and Olympic fencer
- Róbert Nagy (1967), speedway rider
- László Paskai (1927–2015), Archbishop of Esztergom
- Szilvia Peter Szabo (1982), singer
- Willy Pogany (1882–1955), illustrator
- György Sebők (1922–1999), pianist
- Julius Stahel (1825–1912), American Civil War general and diplomat
- Hanna Tetteh (1967), Foreign minister of the Republic of Ghana
- Péter Ágnes (1983), singer
- Marianne Varnay (1898), architect https://architectuul.com/architect/marianne-varnay
- Attila Vajda (1983), Olympic champion canoer
- Vilmos Zsigmond (1930), cinematographer
Lived in Szeged
- Mihály Babits poet, writer
- Lipót Fejér mathematician
- Ferenc Fricsay conductor
- Alfréd Haar mathematician
- Attila József poet
- László Kalmár mathematician
- Katalin Karikó Nobel prize winner biochemist
- Dezső Kosztolányi poet, novelist
- Peter Leko chess grandmaster
- Immanuel Löw rabbi, Judaic scholar, politician
- Leopold Löw rabbi, historian and Judaic scholar
- Kálmán Mikszáth writer
- Ferenc Móra writer, archaeologist
- Miklós Radnóti poet
- Frigyes Riesz mathematician
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Nobel prize winner chemist and biologist
- Béla Szőkefalvi-Nagy mathematician
- Philip Wodianer communal worker
- Adele Zay (1848–1928), teacher and feminist
International relations
Twin towns – sister cities
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in HungarySzeged is twinned with:
- Cambridge, United Kingdom (1987)
- Darmstadt, Germany (1990)
- Kotor, Montenegro (2001)
- Larnaca, Cyprus (1994)
- Liège, Belgium (2001)
- Łódź, Poland (2004)
- Nice, France (1969)
- Odesa, Ukraine (1957)
- Parma, Italy (1988)
- Pula, Croatia (2003)
- Rakhiv, Ukraine (1939, renewed 1997)
- Subotica, Serbia (1966, renewed 2004)
- Târgu Mureș, Romania (1997)
- Timișoara, Romania (1998)
- Toledo, United States (1990)
- Turku, Finland (1971)
- Weinan, China (1999)
Partner cities
- Novi Sad, Serbia (2001)
Gallery
- Klauzál Square
- Postal Palace
- Franciscan monastery and church
- Votive Church at night
- Relief of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary
- Statue of King Béla IV of Hungary
- Unger–Mayer House (1911)
- Statue of Kuno von Klebelsberg
- Art Nouveau architecture
- The Great Flood (1879) Statue
- Rector's Building, University of Szeged
- Institute of Informatics & IT Department, University of Szeged
- Faculty of Sciences (the chemistry building), University of Szeged
- View from the Votive Church Dome
- Aerial photography
- Belvárosi bridge on the Tisza river
- Capsicum fruits in Szeged
- Anna Thermal-Bath
- Szeged bridge on Tisza
- Fekete-house
See also
Notes
References
- KSH, 2019
- "Önkormányzati szereplők" [Municipal officials]. Szeged város hivatalos portálja (in Hungarian). Retrieved 24 April 2024.
- "OECD – FUNCTIONAL URBAN AREAS IN OECD COUNTRIES: HUNGARY" (PDF).
- ^ "Detailed Gazetteer of Hungary". www.ksh.hu.
- "On etymology". Archived from the original on 18 October 2007.
- Klaudios Ptolemaios. Handbuch der Geographie. Griechisch-Deutsch. Herausgegeben von Alfred Stückelberger und Gerd Graßhoff. Schwabe Verlag Basel. 2006, p. 310-311
- Szeged by Dr. Trogmayer Ottó
- Ádám Fejér, Magyarok és szlávok. (Konferencia, Szeged, 1991. május 30-31). Szerk. Fejér Ádám, H. Tóth Imre stb. (Kiad. a JATE Szláv Filológiai Tansz.), József Attila Tudományegyetem, 1993, p. 262, ISBN 9789634819929
- Farkas, József (1985). Szeged Története 2 1686-1849 (in Hungarian). p. 699.
- "Vickery TV Paprika (Hungary)". 28 July 2009. Archived from the original on 28 July 2009.
- "TalkTalk Webspace is closing soon!!". www.talktalk.co.uk.
- Pons, Silvio; Smith, Stephen A., eds. (21 September 2017). The Cambridge History of Communism. Vol. 1 (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316137024. ISBN 978-1-316-13702-4.
- "Holocaust Survivors and Victims Database -- Szeged, Hungary Deportation List". www.ushmm.org. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
- Szeged Symphony Orchestra website, accessed 6 August 2012.
- "A napfény városa". www.origo.hu/. New Wave Media Group. 8 May 2006.
- "12982: Szeged (Hungary)". ogimet.com. OGIMET. 23 July 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- "Szeged Climate Normals 1991-2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
- "World Weather Information Service". WMO. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
- "ELI-ALPS Research Institute | Towards the sharp end of attoscience". www.eli-alps.hu.
- népesség.com,
- "Census database - Hungarian Central Statistical Office".
- "Contact Info – AMSY". www.amsy.net.
- "RRE – Szeged Nyomdaipari kft. – Elérhetőségek". Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
- "Optiwella | Docsis Cable Modems & CMTS". www.optiwella.com.
- "Contact Us". generalnyomda.hu.
- "RotaPack – Contact". Archived from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
- "SanexPro". sanexpro.hu.
- "AgroPlantaKft Szeged". agroplanta.hu.
- "Kapcsolat". karotin.hu. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
- "Kapcsolat – Florin".
- "Kapcsolat". www.quadrotex.hu.
- "Contact". Szeplast Zrt. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
- "Continental Industry – Innovator and Technological Pioneer for Rubber and Plastic Products". www.continental-industry.com. Archived from the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
- "Szatmári Malom". Archived from the original on 22 November 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
- "Megmenekült az egyetlen hazai gyufagyár". 15 November 2006.
- "Hangár-expó". www.hangar-expo.hu.
- "Céglista letöltés! Cégkereső: cégnév, cím, adószám, főtevékenység szerint". www.cegfurkesz.hu.
- "2016". nfsz.munka.hu.
- "Vonalhálózat – Szegedi Közlekedési Társaság".
- "I. A Varos Sprotja". Sulinet. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
- "World Championship". Metal Speedway. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
- "World Championship". Speedway.org. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
- "Speedway World Cup". International Speedway. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
- "Városi közgyűlés tagjai 2019–2024 – Szeged (Csongrád megye)". valasztas.hu.
- "Szeged város polgármesterei és tanácselnökei 1715-től napjainkig". szegedvaros.hu. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
- "Testvérvárosok". szegedtourism.hu (in Hungarian). Szeged Tourism. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
External links
- Official site with webcam (in Hungarian and English)
Towns and villages of Szeged District | ||
---|---|---|
City with county rights (1) |
| |
Town (1) | ||
Large village (1) | ||
Villages (10) |
Csongrád-Csanád County | ||
---|---|---|
Cities with county rights |
| |
Towns | ||
Large villages | ||
Villages |
| |
Other topics |
County seats of Hungary | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Largest cities in Hungary | |
---|---|
1,000,000+ | |
150,000+ | |
100,000+ | |
50,000+ |
Cities with county rights of Hungary (alphabetical order) | ||
---|---|---|
|