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| {{short description|1957 nonfiction crime novel by Rodolfo Walsh}} | |||
| ⚫ | {{Infobox |
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| {{about||the 1973 film adaptation|Operación Masacre (film)}} | |||
| ⚫ | {{Infobox book | <!-- See Misplaced Pages:WikiProject_Novels or Misplaced Pages:WikiProject_Books --> | ||
| | name = ''Operación Masacre'' | | name = ''Operación Masacre'' | ||
| | title_orig = | | title_orig = | ||
| | translator = | | translator = | ||
| | image = |
| image = OperacionMasacreBook.jpg | ||
| | caption = Cover art from the first edition | |||
| | image_caption = | |||
| | author = ] | | author = ] | ||
| | illustrator = | | illustrator = ] | ||
| | cover_artist = | | cover_artist = Francisco de Goya y Lucientes | ||
| | country = ] | | country = ] | ||
| | language = |
| language = Spanish | ||
| | series = | | series = | ||
| | genre = ]/] | | genre = ]/] | ||
| | publisher = |
| publisher = Ediciones Sigla (First edition in original language)<br>De La Flor | ||
| | release_date = ] | | release_date = ] | ||
| | media_type = Print | | media_type = Print | ||
| | pages = 236 pp (Paperback edition) | | pages = 236 pp (Paperback edition) | ||
| | isbn = |
| isbn = 978-950-515-352-7 | ||
| | isbn_note = (Paperback edition) | |||
| | oclc = 11558530 | |||
| | preceded_by = | | preceded_by = | ||
| | followed_by = | | followed_by = | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''''Operación Masacre''''' ({{langx|en|"Operation Massacre"}}) is a ] of ], written by noted ] ] and author ]. It is considered by some to be the first of its genre.<ref name="wordswithoutborders/reviews/rodolfo-walsh"/> It was published in 1957, nine years before the publication of ]'s '']'', a book often credited as the first major nonfiction novel of investigative journalism.<ref name="waisbord30">Waisbord, p. 30</ref> | |||
| ==Structure== | |||
| '''''Operación Masacre''''' is a ] ] of ] that was written by noted ] ] and author ], and is considered by some to be the first of its genre. It was published in ]—nine years before the book '']'' by ] was published. Despite this, ''In Cold Blood'' is still widely credited as the first major nonfiction novel of investigative journalism, even though it is predated by ''Operación Masacre''.<ref name="Watchdog Journalism">{{cite book | last = Waisbord | first = Silvio | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Watchdog Journalism in South America: News, Accountability, and Democracy | publisher = Columbia University Press | date = 2000 | location = New York | pages = 282 pages | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=2QysUwD0UNAC | doi = | id = | isbn = 0231119755}}</ref><ref name="Rethinking past present">{{cite journal | last = Link | first = Daniel | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Rethinking past present | journal = Review: Literature and Arts of the Americas | volume = 40 | issue = 75(2) | pages = 218-230 | publisher = Routledge | location = | date = 2007 | url = http://www.informaworld.com/index/783193049.pdf | doi = | id = | accessdate = }}</ref> | |||
| The book is divided into three sections: in the first, Walsh provides portraits of the victims of the shooting; in the second, he reconstructs the events of the night in question; in the third, he shares testimonies from the head of the ] Province Police, among others, that unequivocally betray the complicity of the ] and make a case for the unlawful and disgraceful execution of the men in question. | |||
| The most recent editions of the book in Spanish and English also include additions (listed as "Appendices") to the text written by Walsh for the various editions of the book that came out after its first publication in 1957. | |||
| ==Synopsis== | |||
| The book details the José León Suárez massacre, which involved the June 9, 1956 unlawful ] by the ] of a group of civilians suspected of being involved with a ] uprising that same night, including the rebel leader General ]. Walsh claims that the men were arrested before the establishment in that very same night of the ] and that they also were never properly charged, therefore they were unlawfully shot. These events followed a 1955 military ], known as ] ("the Liberating Revolution"), which deposed Argentine president ] and eventually brought the ] to power, led first by Lieutenant General ] – who was considered too "lenient" (with Peronism) by the leaders of the coup and quickly deposed – and later by the hard-line General ]. | |||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| In December 1956, six months after the failed 9 June 1956 uprising by ] and other ] supporters, Walsh, who was sitting in a café, playing chess, received a tip-off from a man who approached and said: "One of the executed men is alive."<ref name="wordswithoutborders/reviews/rodolfo-walsh">{{cite journal |last1=Rafsky |first1=Sara |title=Rodolfo Walsh's "Operation Massacre" |journal=Words Without Borders |date=2014-03-15 |url=https://wordswithoutborders.org/book-reviews/rodolfo-walshs-operation-massacre/ |access-date=7 October 2022 |language=en |quote=The Online Magazine for International Literature}}</ref><ref>McCaughan, p. 80</ref> ''Operación Masacre'' was originally published in May–July 1957 as a series of articles in the journal ''Mayoría'', where it was subtitled "A book without a publisher" as an indication of the problems Walsh had had securing an outlet for his story.<ref>McCaughan, p. 88</ref> These articles were later re-written into the book ''Operación Masacre''. | |||
| ''Operación Masacre'' was originally written in ] as a series of articles that were published in the partisan publications '']'' and '']''. These articles were later re-written into the novel form that became the book ''Operación Masacre''. The novel details the ], which involved the 1956 capture and shooting of ] militants, including rebel leader ]. These events followed a ] ] known as the ].<ref name="Watchdog Journalism"/> This military coup d'état deposed ] ] and eventually brought the hard-line general ] to power. | |||
| In 2013, an annotated English translation by Daniella Gitlin, "Operation Massacre," was published by ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Rodolfo Walsh, trans. from the Spanish by Daniella Gitlin; foreword by Michael Greenberg; afterword by Ricardo Piglia. Seven Stories, $16.95 trade paper (252p) ISBN 978-1-60980-513-5 |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781609805135 |access-date=15 July 2022 |work=]}}</ref><ref name="Walsh2013Gitlin978-1-60980-513-5">{{cite book |last1=Walsh |first1=Rodolfo |last2=Gitlin |first2=Daniella |author1-link=Rodolfo Walsh |title=Operation Massacre |date=20 August 2013 |publisher=] |location=New York |isbn=978-1-60980-513-5 |url=http://catalog.sevenstories.com/products/operation-massacre |language=en |oclc=937868767 |access-date=15 July 2022}}</ref> | |||
| ==Reception and criticism== | ==Reception and criticism== | ||
| Literary critic ] |
Literary critic ] described ''Operación Masacre'' as a "police novel for the poor."<ref name="Literatura y clase social">Rama, p. ???</ref> The novel explores themes of violence that are not only unexpected, but are also unpunished,<ref name="Violence without reason">Bollig, p. 88</ref> although Pedro Eugenio Aramburu would ultimately be executed in 1970 by the Peronist ] for his role in the José León Suárez massacre. | ||
| Daniel Link argues that the book "destabilizes literary genres" and anticipates what would later be called testimonial fiction.<ref name="link">Link, p. 220</ref> This form of writing has proven to be problematic to some literary analysts because some have seen the need to match the documented historical narrative with the events in the literary text itself, leading to challenges of verification for those seeking proof of historical accuracy and reliability.<ref name="Latin american documentary narrative">Foster, p. ??</ref> | |||
| ==Film adaptation== | ==Film adaptation== | ||
| {{main article|Operación Masacre (1973 film)}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| Operación Masacre was adapted into a |
''Operación Masacre'' was adapted into a ] written and directed by ] and starring ], ], ], ] and one of the survivors of the José León Suárez massacre, ].{{cn|date=October 2022}} | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| ===Citations=== | |||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| ===Sources=== | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| *{{cite journal |last= Bollig |first= Ben |title= Violence without Reason: On Argentine Short Stories | journal = Journal of Iberian & Latin American Studies |volume= 12 |issue = 1 | pages = 79–90 | publisher = Taylor & Francis |date= April 2006 |doi= 10.1080/14701840600704565 }} (] subscription required for online access.) | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| *{{cite journal |last= Foster |first= David William |title= Latin American Documentary Narrative |journal= PMLA |volume= 99 |issue= 1 |pages= 41–55 |date= January 1984 |jstor= 462034|doi= 10.2307/462034 |publisher= PMLA, Vol. 99, No. 1 }} (] subscription required for online access.) | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| *{{cite journal |last= Link |first= Daniel |title= Rethinking Past Present | journal = Review: Literature and Arts of the Americas |volume = 40 |issue= 2 | pages = 218–230 | publisher = Routledge |year= 2007 |doi= 10.1080/08905760701627711}} | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| *{{cite book |last= McCaughan |first= Michael | title = True Crimes: Rodolfo Walsh, the Life and Times of a Radical Intellectual |location= London |publisher= Latin American Bureau |year= 2002 |isbn = 1-899365-43-5}} | |||
| ] | |||
| *{{cite book |last= Rama |first= Angel |author-link= Angel Rama |title= Literatura y clase social | publisher = Folios Ediciones |year= 1983 |location= Mexico City | isbn = 968-478-035-4}} | |||
| *{{cite book |last= Waisbord |first= Silvio |title= Watchdog Journalism in South America: News, Accountability, and Democracy |publisher= Columbia University Press |year= 2000 |location = New York | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2QysUwD0UNAC |isbn= 0-231-11975-5}} | |||
| == External links == | |||
| * Christian Lourido June 30, 2008, Evaristo Cultural {{in lang|es}} | |||
| * Christian Lourido June 30, 2008, Evaristo Cultural {{in lang|es}} | |||
| * Christian Lourido June 30, 2008, Evaristo Cultural {{in lang|es}} | |||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Operacion Masacre}} | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 09:55, 15 November 2024
1957 nonfiction crime novel by Rodolfo Walsh For the 1973 film adaptation, see Operación Masacre (film). Cover art from the first edition | |
| Author | Rodolfo Walsh |
|---|---|
| Illustrator | Francisco de Goya y Lucientes |
| Cover artist | Francisco de Goya y Lucientes |
| Language | Spanish |
| Genre | Nonfiction/Literature |
| Publisher | Ediciones Sigla (First edition in original language) De La Flor |
| Publication date | 1957 |
| Publication place | Argentina |
| Media type | |
| Pages | 236 pp (Paperback edition) |
| ISBN | 978-950-515-352-7 (Paperback edition) |
| OCLC | 11558530 |
Operación Masacre (English: "Operation Massacre") is a nonfiction novel of investigative journalism, written by noted Argentine journalist and author Rodolfo Walsh. It is considered by some to be the first of its genre. It was published in 1957, nine years before the publication of Truman Capote's In Cold Blood, a book often credited as the first major nonfiction novel of investigative journalism.
Structure
The book is divided into three sections: in the first, Walsh provides portraits of the victims of the shooting; in the second, he reconstructs the events of the night in question; in the third, he shares testimonies from the head of the Buenos Aires Province Police, among others, that unequivocally betray the complicity of the de facto State and make a case for the unlawful and disgraceful execution of the men in question.
The most recent editions of the book in Spanish and English also include additions (listed as "Appendices") to the text written by Walsh for the various editions of the book that came out after its first publication in 1957.
Synopsis
The book details the José León Suárez massacre, which involved the June 9, 1956 unlawful capture and shooting by the Buenos Aires Province Police of a group of civilians suspected of being involved with a Peronist uprising that same night, including the rebel leader General Juan José Valle. Walsh claims that the men were arrested before the establishment in that very same night of the martial law and that they also were never properly charged, therefore they were unlawfully shot. These events followed a 1955 military coup, known as Revolución Libertadora ("the Liberating Revolution"), which deposed Argentine president Juan Perón and eventually brought the right-wing dictatorship to power, led first by Lieutenant General Eduardo Lonardi – who was considered too "lenient" (with Peronism) by the leaders of the coup and quickly deposed – and later by the hard-line General Pedro Eugenio Aramburu.
History
In December 1956, six months after the failed 9 June 1956 uprising by Juan José Valle and other Juan Perón supporters, Walsh, who was sitting in a café, playing chess, received a tip-off from a man who approached and said: "One of the executed men is alive." Operación Masacre was originally published in May–July 1957 as a series of articles in the journal Mayoría, where it was subtitled "A book without a publisher" as an indication of the problems Walsh had had securing an outlet for his story. These articles were later re-written into the book Operación Masacre.
In 2013, an annotated English translation by Daniella Gitlin, "Operation Massacre," was published by Seven Stories Press.
Reception and criticism
Literary critic Ángel Rama described Operación Masacre as a "police novel for the poor." The novel explores themes of violence that are not only unexpected, but are also unpunished, although Pedro Eugenio Aramburu would ultimately be executed in 1970 by the Peronist Montoneros for his role in the José León Suárez massacre.
Daniel Link argues that the book "destabilizes literary genres" and anticipates what would later be called testimonial fiction. This form of writing has proven to be problematic to some literary analysts because some have seen the need to match the documented historical narrative with the events in the literary text itself, leading to challenges of verification for those seeking proof of historical accuracy and reliability.
Film adaptation
Main article: Operación Masacre (1973 film)
Operación Masacre was adapted into a 1973 drama film written and directed by Jorge Cedrón and starring Norma Aleandro, Carlos Carella, Víctor Laplace, Ana María Picchio and one of the survivors of the José León Suárez massacre, Julio Troxler.
References
Citations
- ^ Rafsky, Sara (2014-03-15). "Rodolfo Walsh's "Operation Massacre"". Words Without Borders. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
The Online Magazine for International Literature
- Waisbord, p. 30
- McCaughan, p. 80
- McCaughan, p. 88
- "Rodolfo Walsh, trans. from the Spanish by Daniella Gitlin; foreword by Michael Greenberg; afterword by Ricardo Piglia. Seven Stories, $16.95 trade paper (252p) ISBN 978-1-60980-513-5". Publishers Weekly. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
- Walsh, Rodolfo; Gitlin, Daniella (20 August 2013). Operation Massacre. New York: Seven Stories Press. ISBN 978-1-60980-513-5. OCLC 937868767. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
- Rama, p. ???
- Bollig, p. 88
- Link, p. 220
- Foster, p. ??
Sources
- Bollig, Ben (April 2006). "Violence without Reason: On Argentine Short Stories". Journal of Iberian & Latin American Studies. 12 (1). Taylor & Francis: 79–90. doi:10.1080/14701840600704565. (EBSCO subscription required for online access.)
- Foster, David William (January 1984). "Latin American Documentary Narrative". PMLA. 99 (1). PMLA, Vol. 99, No. 1: 41–55. doi:10.2307/462034. JSTOR 462034. (JSTOR subscription required for online access.)
- Link, Daniel (2007). "Rethinking Past Present". Review: Literature and Arts of the Americas. 40 (2). Routledge: 218–230. doi:10.1080/08905760701627711.
- McCaughan, Michael (2002). True Crimes: Rodolfo Walsh, the Life and Times of a Radical Intellectual. London: Latin American Bureau. ISBN 1-899365-43-5.
- Rama, Angel (1983). Literatura y clase social. Mexico City: Folios Ediciones. ISBN 968-478-035-4.
- Waisbord, Silvio (2000). Watchdog Journalism in South America: News, Accountability, and Democracy. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-11975-5.
External links
- Christian Lourido Rodolfo Walsh: Literature, Journalism and Militancy (Part 1) June 30, 2008, Evaristo Cultural (in Spanish)
- Christian Lourido Rodolfo Walsh: Literature, Journalism and Militancy (Part 2) June 30, 2008, Evaristo Cultural (in Spanish)
- Christian Lourido Rodolfo Walsh: Literature, Journalism and Militancy (Part 3) June 30, 2008, Evaristo Cultural (in Spanish)