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{{Short description|River in Chukotka, Russia}}
{{Otheruses3|Anadyr}}
{{refimprove|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox_River
{{Infobox river
| river_name =Anadyr River
| name =Anadyr
| image_name =Anadyrrivermap.png
| other_name = Анадырь / Онандырь / Йъаайваам
| caption =
| image = Пробуждение после длительной зимы двух рек Анадырь и Белая.jpg
| origin = ]
| image_caption = Confluence of the Anadyr and the ]
⚫ | mouth = ]
| source1_location = ]
⚫ | basin_countries =], ]
| source1_coordinates = {{coord|67.0501|170.8464|region:RU}}
| length_km = 1150
| mouth = ]
| elevation =
⚫ | mouth_location = ]
| mouth_elevation_m = 0
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|64.8732|176.2882|region:RU|display=it}}
| discharge_m3/s = 1000
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| watershed_km2 = 191000
⚫ | subdivision_name1 = ], ]
| length = {{convert|1,150|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| source1_elevation = {{cvt|504|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| tributaries_left= ], ]
| tributaries_right= ], ], ]
| discharge1_location= ], ]
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|2,020|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System">{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7904921|title=Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System|last1=Christer|first1=Nilsson|last2=Catherine|first2=Reidy, Liermann|last3=Mats|first3=Dynesius|last4=Carmen|first4=Revenga|journal=Science |doi=10.1126/science.1107887|year=2005|volume=308 |issue=5720 |pages=405–408 }}</ref>
| basin_size = {{convert|191,000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| pushpin_map = Russia Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption= Mouth location in ], Russia
}} }}
The '''Anadyr''' ({{langx|ru|Ана́дырь}}; ]: Онандырь; {{langx|ckt|Йъаайваам}}) is a river in the far northeast of Siberia which flows into the ] of the ] and drains much of the interior of ]. Its ] corresponds to the ] of Chukotka.


==Geography==
'''Anadyr''' ({{lang-ru|Ана́дырь}}) is a ] in the extreme northeast of ], ].
The Anadyr is {{convert|1150|km}} long and has a basin of {{convert|191000|km2|-3}}.<ref name=gvr>{{GVR|19050000112119000103602|Река Анадырь}}</ref><ref>, ]</ref> It is frozen from October to late May and has a maximum flow in June with the ]. It is navigable in small boats for about {{convert|570|km}} to near ]. West of Markovo it is in the ] (moderate mountains and valleys with a few trees) and east of Markovo it moves into the ] (very flat treeless ] with lakes and bogs). The drop from Markovo to the sea is less than {{convert|100|ft}}.


It rises at about 67°N latitude and 171°E longitude in the Anadyr Highlands, near the headwaters of the ], flows southwest receiving the waters of the rivers ] and ], turns east around the ] and passes Markvovo and the old site of ], turns north and east and receives the ] from the south, thereby encircling the Lebediny ], turns northeast to receive the ] from the north in the ], then past ] it turns southeast into the Anadyr Lowlands past the Ust-Tanyurer Zakaznik and receives the ] from the north. At ], it turns east and flows into the ] of the ]. If the Onemen Bay is considered part of the river, it also receives the ] from the south and the ] from the north. Other important tributaries are the Yablon, Yeropol and ] from the right and the ] and ] from the left.<ref name=WR>{{Cite web |url=https://water-rf.ru/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B/842/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C |title=Water of Russia - Анадырь |access-date=2023-04-24 |archive-date=2022-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003074309/https://water-rf.ru/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B/842/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The river rises in the ] as the Ivashki or Ivachno, about 67̊N latitude and 173̊E longitude, flows through ], at first southwest and then east, and enters the ] of the ] after a course of about 800 kilometres (500&nbsp;mi). The main tributaries from the right are the Yablon, the Eropol and the Maine; from the left are the Chineyveem, the White and the Tanyurer. At the mouth of the river is the ] which is fed by the Anadyr, the ], and the ] rivers.

Its basin is surrounded by the ] and ] basins to the north, the ], ] and ] basins to the northwest, and the ] basin to the southwest.
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==History== ==History==
On a walrus hunting expedition in 1648 ] reached the mouth of the Anadyr. From the ], Dezhnev went up the river and founded Anadyrskiy ostrog (fort). In the 18th century, the Anadyr was described by the polar explorer ]. In 1648, ] reached the mouth of the Anadyr after being shipwrecked on the coast. In 1649, he went upriver and built winter quarters at Anadyrsk. For the next 100 years, the Anadyr was the main route from the Arctic to the Pacific and ]. In the 18th century, the Anadyr was described by the polar explorer ].


==Ecology== ==Ecology==
The country through which it passes is thinly populated, and is dominated by ], with a rich variety of plant life. Much of the region has beautiful landscapes, dominated by often spectacular, rugged mountains. For nine months of the year the ground is covered with snow, and the frozen rivers become navigable roads. The country through which it passes is thinly populated, and is dominated by tundra, with a rich variety of plant life.{{efn|The area, which is still sparsely populated today, in 1911 it was described as "thinly populated"{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}.}} Much of the region's landscapes are dominated by rugged mountains. For nine months of the year the ground is covered with snow,{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} and the frozen rivers become navigable roads. George Kennan, an American working on the ] in the late 1860s, found that dog sled travel on the lower Anadyr was limited by lack of firewood.


], upon which the local inhabitants subsisted, were once found in considerable numbers, but the domestic reindeer population has collapsed dramatically since the reorganization and privatization of state-run collective farms beginning in ]. As herds of domestic reindeer have declined, herds of wild ] have increased. ], upon which the local inhabitants subsisted, were once found in considerable numbers,{{efn|This point was made in 1911: "Reindeer, upon which the inhabitants subsist, are found in considerable numbers"{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}.}} but the domestic reindeer population has collapsed dramatically since the reorganization and privatization of state-run collective farms beginning in 1992. As herds of domestic reindeer have declined, herds of wild caribou have increased.


There are ten species of ] inhabiting the Anadyr river basin. Every year, on the last Sunday in April, there is an ice fishing competition in the frozen estuarine waters of the Anadyr River's mouth. This festival is locally known as '''Korfest'''. There are ten species of ] inhabiting the Anadyr river basin. Every year, on the last Sunday in April, there is an ice fishing competition in the frozen estuarine waters of the Anadyr's mouth. This festival is locally known as '''Korfest'''.


The area is a summering place for a number of migratory birds including ], ]s, and the ] of ].<ref>Henny, Charles J. (Januay 1973) "Drought Displaced Movement of North American Pintails into Siberia" ''The Journal of Wildlife Management'' 37(1): pp. 23-29 doi:10.2307/3799734</ref><ref></ref> The area is a summering place for a number of migratory birds including ], ]s, and the ] of ].{{sfn|Henny|1973|pp=23-29}}<ref></ref>


==See also== ==See also==
* ] * ]


==Notes== ==Sources==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist}}
===Notes===
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


==References== ==References==
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Anadyr|volume=1|page=907}}
:{{1911}}
*{{cite journal|last=Henny |first=Charles J. |date=January 1973 |title=Drought Displaced Movement of North American Pintails into Siberia |journal=The Journal of Wildlife Management |volume=37 |number=1 |pages=23–29 |doi=10.2307/3799734|jstor=3799734 }}
*{{Cite web |date=Nov 2, 2023 |title=Russian Far East Hot Spots |url=http://wildsalmoncenter.org/pops/AnadyrRiver.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018001037/http://wildsalmoncenter.org/pops/AnadyrRiver.php |archive-date=Oct 18, 2007 |access-date=Nov 2, 2023 |website=Wild Salmon Center}}


==Further reading==
* Stephan, John Jason (1994). ''The Russian Far East: A History''. ], Stanford, CA, ISBN 0-8047-2311-7.


==External links== ==External links==
* Chukotka Autonomous Okrug website, in English * {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901060538/http://www.chukotka.org/en/tourism/about_tourism/kind_of_tourism/ |date=2010-09-01 }} Chukotka Autonomous Okrug website, in English
* *
**
* *


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Latest revision as of 19:06, 17 January 2025

River in Chukotka, Russia
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Anadyr
Анадырь / Онандырь / Йъаайваам
Confluence of the Anadyr and the Belaya
Anadyr (river) is located in Chukotka Autonomous OkrugAnadyr (river)Mouth location in Chukotka, Russia
Location
CountrySiberia, Russian Federation
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationAnadyr Highlands
 • coordinates67°03′00″N 170°50′47″E / 67.0501°N 170.8464°E / 67.0501; 170.8464
 • elevation504 m (1,654 ft)
MouthBering Sea
 • locationGulf of Anadyr
 • coordinates64°52′24″N 176°17′18″E / 64.8732°N 176.2882°E / 64.8732; 176.2882
 • elevation0 m (0 ft)
Length1,150 km (710 mi)
Basin size191,000 km (74,000 sq mi)
Discharge 
 • locationAnadyr Estuary, Gulf of Anadyr
 • average2,020 m/s (71,000 cu ft/s)
Basin features
Tributaries 
 • leftBelaya, Tanyurer
 • rightYablon, Yeropol, Mayn

The Anadyr (Russian: Ана́дырь; Yukaghir: Онандырь; Chukot: Йъаайваам) is a river in the far northeast of Siberia which flows into the Gulf of Anadyr of the Bering Sea and drains much of the interior of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Its basin corresponds to the Anadyrsky District of Chukotka.

Geography

The Anadyr is 1,150 kilometres (710 mi) long and has a basin of 191,000 square kilometres (74,000 sq mi). It is frozen from October to late May and has a maximum flow in June with the snowmelt. It is navigable in small boats for about 570 kilometres (350 mi) to near Markovo. West of Markovo it is in the Anadyr Highlands (moderate mountains and valleys with a few trees) and east of Markovo it moves into the Anadyr Lowlands (very flat treeless tundra with lakes and bogs). The drop from Markovo to the sea is less than 100 feet (30 m).

It rises at about 67°N latitude and 171°E longitude in the Anadyr Highlands, near the headwaters of the Maly Anyuy, flows southwest receiving the waters of the rivers Yablon and Yeropol, turns east around the Shchuchy Range and passes Markvovo and the old site of Anadyrsk, turns north and east and receives the Mayn from the south, thereby encircling the Lebediny Zakaznik, turns northeast to receive the Belaya from the north in the Parapol-Belsky Lowlands, then past Ust-Belaya it turns southeast into the Anadyr Lowlands past the Ust-Tanyurer Zakaznik and receives the Tanyurer from the north. At Lake Krasnoye, it turns east and flows into the Onemen Bay of the Anadyr Estuary. If the Onemen Bay is considered part of the river, it also receives the Velikaya from the south and the Kanchalan from the north. Other important tributaries are the Yablon, Yeropol and Mamolina from the right and the Chineyveyem and Ubiyenka from the left.

Its basin is surrounded by the Amguema and Palyavaam basins to the north, the Bolshoy Anyuy, Oloy and Kolyma basins to the northwest, and the Penzhina basin to the southwest.

Location of the Anadyr
Basin of the Anadyr with its main tributaries

History

In 1648, Semyon Dezhnev reached the mouth of the Anadyr after being shipwrecked on the coast. In 1649, he went upriver and built winter quarters at Anadyrsk. For the next 100 years, the Anadyr was the main route from the Arctic to the Pacific and Kamchatka. In the 18th century, the Anadyr was described by the polar explorer Dmitry Laptev.

Ecology

The country through which it passes is thinly populated, and is dominated by tundra, with a rich variety of plant life. Much of the region's landscapes are dominated by rugged mountains. For nine months of the year the ground is covered with snow, and the frozen rivers become navigable roads. George Kennan, an American working on the Western Union Telegraph Expedition in the late 1860s, found that dog sled travel on the lower Anadyr was limited by lack of firewood.

Reindeer, upon which the local inhabitants subsisted, were once found in considerable numbers, but the domestic reindeer population has collapsed dramatically since the reorganization and privatization of state-run collective farms beginning in 1992. As herds of domestic reindeer have declined, herds of wild caribou have increased.

There are ten species of salmon inhabiting the Anadyr river basin. Every year, on the last Sunday in April, there is an ice fishing competition in the frozen estuarine waters of the Anadyr's mouth. This festival is locally known as Korfest.

The area is a summering place for a number of migratory birds including brent geese, Eurasian wigeons, and the pintails of California.

See also

Sources

Footnotes

  1. The area, which is still sparsely populated today, in 1911 it was described as "thinly populated".
  2. This point was made in 1911: "Reindeer, upon which the inhabitants subsist, are found in considerable numbers".

Notes

  1. Christer, Nilsson; Catherine, Reidy, Liermann; Mats, Dynesius; Carmen, Revenga (2005). "Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of the World's Large River System". Science. 308 (5720): 405–408. doi:10.1126/science.1107887.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. "Река Анадырь in the State Water Register of Russia". verum.wiki (in Russian).
  3. Анадырь (река на Чукотке), Great Soviet Encyclopedia
  4. "Water of Russia - Анадырь". Archived from the original on 2022-10-03. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
  5. ^ Chisholm 1911.
  6. Henny 1973, pp. 23–29.
  7. "Biologist's Journal 2001" Western Ecological Research Center, United States Geological Survey

References


External links

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