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| {{Short description|Species of fish}} | |||
| {{Taxobox | |||
| {{Speciesbox | |||
| | name = Redeye gaper | | name = Redeye gaper | ||
| | image = Chaunax stigmaeus.jpg | | image = Chaunax stigmaeus dorsal view2.jpg | ||
| | |
| image_upright = 1.1 | ||
| | image_caption = | | image_caption = | ||
| | status = DD | status_system = IUCN3.1 | |||
| | regnum = ] | |||
| | status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author=Robertson, R. |author2=Carpenter, K.E. |year=2019 |title=''Chaunax stigmaeus'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T139929030A140322857 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T139929030A140322857.en |access-date=9 November 2022}}</ref> | |||
| | phylum = ] | |||
| ⚫ | | taxon = Chaunax stigmaeus | ||
| | classis = ] | |||
| | authority = ], 1946 | |||
| | ordo = ] | |||
| | familia = ] | |||
| | genus = '']'' | |||
| | species = '''''C. stigmaeus''''' | |||
| ⚫ | | |
||
| | binomial_authority = Fowler, 1946 | |||
| }} | }} | ||
| ⚫ | The '''redeye gaper''', ''Chaunax stigmaeus'', is a |
||
| ⚫ | The '''redeye gaper''', '''''Chaunax stigmaeus''''', is a sedentary species of ] in the family ]. It is native to deep waters in the western ] from the ] off ] southward to the ] off ]. The species is found on the outer ] and upper ] at a depth of 90–730 m and among dense beds of dead ] ('']'') rubble, their preferred habitat.<ref name="fishbase">{{FishBase |genus=Chaunax |species=stigmaeus |month=December |year=2008}}</ref> The original ] was caught in a ] off ] on March 1, 1946, and donated to the ] by Carroll B. Atkinson. The name ''stigmaeus'' means "speckled" in ].<ref name="fowler">{{cite journal |author=Fowler, H.W. |date=Jun 21, 1946 |title=Description of a new deep-water angler (Chaunacidae) from off New Jersey |journal=Notulae Naturae of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia |volume=180 |pages=1–4}}</ref> This species is a member of the '']'' ].<ref name = Caruso1989>{{cite journal |last=Caruso |first=John |year=1989| title=Systematics and distribution of the Atlantic chaunacid anglerfishes (Pisces: Lophiiformes) |journal=Copeia |volume=1989 |issue=1 |pages=153–165 |doi=10.2307/1445616|jstor=1445616 }}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | The redeye gaper has a rounded, slightly compressed |
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| ⚫ | The redeye gaper has a rounded, slightly compressed body and a very large head. The mouth is large, with a protruding ] and teeth arranged in bands. The skin is soft, loose, and very pliable (especially on the underside), forming folds over much of the head and body. The fish is covered with minute spinules that give it a ]y texture. The ] system has prominent open canals. The ]s are small, with 14 ]s. The first ] ray is modified into an angling apparatus (the illicium) with a lure (the esca). The esca consists of a cluster of filaments of varying thickness and is black to blue to greenish gray in front, and brilliant white behind. The illicium has two dark rings, though this is faint or absent in a few individuals.<ref name="fowler"/><ref name="caruso et al.">{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01360.x |author=Caruso, J.H. |author2=Ross, S.W. |author3=Sulak, K.J. |author4=Sedberry, G.R. |name-list-style=amp |title=Deep-water chaunacid and lophiid anglerfishes (Pisces: Lophiiformes) off the south-eastern United States |journal=Journal of Fish Biology |volume=70 |issue=4 |year=2007 |pages=1015–1026|bibcode=2007JFBio..70.1015C }}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | The coloration is olive green above with large irregular blotches surrounded by smaller circular spots, extending into the rays of the dorsal, pectoral, and caudal fins. There is often a kidney- or figure-8-shaped blotch on the ]. These spots appear darker than the background in ] specimens, but are a lighter greenish-yellow color in life. The underside is rose-colored with large, diffuse lighter patches; the red color extends up the sides of the head forward of the eyes, encompassing the jaws. The fin membranes are also shades of red. The ] is a deep rose red.<ref name="fowler"/><ref name="caruso et al"/> This species attains a maximum of 30.5 |
||
| ⚫ | The coloration is olive green above with large irregular blotches surrounded by smaller circular spots, extending into the rays of the dorsal, pectoral, and caudal fins. There is often a kidney- or figure-8-shaped blotch on the ]. These spots appear darker than the background in ] specimens, but are a lighter greenish-yellow color in life. The underside is rose-colored with large, diffuse lighter patches; the red color extends up the sides of the head forward of the eyes, encompassing the jaws. The fin membranes are also shades of red. The ] is a deep rose red.<ref name="fowler"/><ref name="caruso et al."/> This species attains a maximum of 30.5 cm ].<ref name="fishbase"/> | ||
| Redeye gapers are sedentary ]s that spend most of their time resting on the ] on their pectoral and pelvic fins, moving only to capture ] or avoid ]s. They attract prey to them using their movable esca. If threatened, they raise themselves up on their pelvic fins and rapidly take in water to increase the size of their bodies. Redeye gapers are known to be able to survive the ] and ] changes from being brought to the surface.<ref name="wyanski">Wyanski, D. (Aug. 17, 2003). . ''NOAA Ocean Explorer''. Retrieved on December 21, 2008.</ref><ref name="sedberry">Sedberry, G. (Sep. 27, 2001). . ''NOAA Ocean Explorer''. Retrieved on December 21, 2008.</ref> | Redeye gapers are sedentary ]s that spend most of their time resting on the ] on their pectoral and pelvic fins, moving only to capture ] or avoid ]s. They attract prey to them using their movable esca. If threatened, they raise themselves up on their pelvic fins and rapidly take in water to increase the size of their bodies. Redeye gapers are known to be able to survive the ] and ] changes from being brought to the surface.<ref name="wyanski">Wyanski, D. (Aug. 17, 2003). . ''NOAA Ocean Explorer''. Retrieved on December 21, 2008.</ref><ref name="sedberry">Sedberry, G. (Sep. 27, 2001). . ''NOAA Ocean Explorer''. Retrieved on December 21, 2008.</ref> | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{ |
{{Reflist}} | ||
| ] | |||
| {{Taxonbar|from=Q1892630}} | |||
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Latest revision as of 03:34, 30 October 2024
Species of fish
| Redeye gaper | |
|---|---|
| |
| Conservation status | |
 Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Lophiiformes |
| Family: | Chaunacidae |
| Genus: | Chaunax |
| Species: | C. stigmaeus |
| Binomial name | |
| Chaunax stigmaeus Fowler, 1946 | |
The redeye gaper, Chaunax stigmaeus, is a sedentary species of anglerfish in the family Chaunacidae. It is native to deep waters in the western North Atlantic from the Georges Bank off New England southward to the Blake Plateau off South Carolina. The species is found on the outer continental shelf and upper continental slope at a depth of 90–730 m and among dense beds of dead coral (Lophelia pertusa) rubble, their preferred habitat. The original type specimen was caught in a trawl off Atlantic City on March 1, 1946, and donated to the Academy of Natural Sciences by Carroll B. Atkinson. The name stigmaeus means "speckled" in Greek. This species is a member of the C. pictus species complex.
The redeye gaper has a rounded, slightly compressed body and a very large head. The mouth is large, with a protruding lower jaw and teeth arranged in bands. The skin is soft, loose, and very pliable (especially on the underside), forming folds over much of the head and body. The fish is covered with minute spinules that give it a velvety texture. The lateral line system has prominent open canals. The pectoral fins are small, with 14 fin rays. The first dorsal fin ray is modified into an angling apparatus (the illicium) with a lure (the esca). The esca consists of a cluster of filaments of varying thickness and is black to blue to greenish gray in front, and brilliant white behind. The illicium has two dark rings, though this is faint or absent in a few individuals.
The coloration is olive green above with large irregular blotches surrounded by smaller circular spots, extending into the rays of the dorsal, pectoral, and caudal fins. There is often a kidney- or figure-8-shaped blotch on the nape. These spots appear darker than the background in preserved specimens, but are a lighter greenish-yellow color in life. The underside is rose-colored with large, diffuse lighter patches; the red color extends up the sides of the head forward of the eyes, encompassing the jaws. The fin membranes are also shades of red. The iris is a deep rose red. This species attains a maximum of 30.5 cm total length.
Redeye gapers are sedentary ambush predators that spend most of their time resting on the sea floor on their pectoral and pelvic fins, moving only to capture prey or avoid predators. They attract prey to them using their movable esca. If threatened, they raise themselves up on their pelvic fins and rapidly take in water to increase the size of their bodies. Redeye gapers are known to be able to survive the temperature and pressure changes from being brought to the surface.
References
- Robertson, R.; Carpenter, K.E. (2019). "Chaunax stigmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T139929030A140322857. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T139929030A140322857.en. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Chaunax stigmaeus". FishBase. December 2008 version.
- ^ Fowler, H.W. (Jun 21, 1946). "Description of a new deep-water angler (Chaunacidae) from off New Jersey". Notulae Naturae of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 180: 1–4.
- Caruso, John (1989). "Systematics and distribution of the Atlantic chaunacid anglerfishes (Pisces: Lophiiformes)". Copeia. 1989 (1): 153–165. doi:10.2307/1445616. JSTOR 1445616.
- ^ Caruso, J.H.; Ross, S.W.; Sulak, K.J. & Sedberry, G.R. (2007). "Deep-water chaunacid and lophiid anglerfishes (Pisces: Lophiiformes) off the south-eastern United States". Journal of Fish Biology. 70 (4): 1015–1026. Bibcode:2007JFBio..70.1015C. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01360.x.
- Wyanski, D. (Aug. 17, 2003). "Investigating the Charleston Bump: 2003 Mission Summary". NOAA Ocean Explorer. Retrieved on December 21, 2008.
- Sedberry, G. (Sep. 27, 2001). "The Charleston Bump: A Deep Reef 'Island' in the Gulf Stream". NOAA Ocean Explorer. Retrieved on December 21, 2008.