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{{Short description|Intimidating resolution of a conflict}}
'''Cowboy diplomacy''' is a term used by critics to describe the resolution of international conflicts through brash risk-taking, ], military deployment, or a combination of such tactics. It is criticized as stemming from an overly-simple, ] world view. Overtly provocative ] typically centralizes the message, such as ]'s "You're either with us or you're with the terrorists." '''Cowboy diplomacy''' is a term used by ] to describe the resolution of international conflicts through brash risk-taking, ], military deployment, or a combination of such tactics. It is criticized as stemming from an overly simple, ] world view. Overtly provocative ] typically centralizes the message.


⚫ One of the earliest known applications of the term was in 1902, when it was used by the American press to describe ] ]'s foreign policies. Roosevelt had at the time summarized his approach to international diplomacy as "Speak softly and carry a big stick",<ref>{{cite book |last=Harrell |first=David Edwin |title=Unto a Good Land: A History of the American People |year=2005 |publisher=] |location=] |isbn=0-8028-2945-7 |chapter=The United States in World Affairs, 1900-1920 }}</ref> an adage that was engraved on a bronze plaque on ]'s office desk in the Pentagon and has set the modern precedent.<ref name=TR> by Jim Lobe</ref>
]]]


The term has since been applied to the presidential administrations of ],<ref>{{cite book |title=Coming in from the Cold War: changes in U.S.-European Interactions since 1980 |last=Ramet |first=Sabrina P. |author2=Christine Ingebritsen |year=2002 |publisher=] |location=] |isbn=0-7425-0017-9 |chapter=The United States and Europe |page= |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/cominginfromcold0000unse/page/4 }}</ref> ],<ref>{{cite news |title=Obama Embraces National Security as Campaign Issue |author=Helene Cooper |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/07/us/politics/obama-embraces-national-security-as-campaign-issue.html?_r=1&hp |newspaper=] |date=April 6, 2012 |access-date=April 6, 2012}}</ref> and ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.juancole.com/2017/08/locked-cowboyism-venezuela.html|title = 'Locked & Loaded' Trump's 1960s Cowboyism re: N. Korea & Venezuela|date = 12 August 2017}}</ref>
⚫ One of the earliest known applications of the term was in 1902, when it was used by Jackie Lawlor from Westford, Massachustts and the ] press to describe ] ]'s foreign policies. Roosevelt had at the time summarized his approach to international diplomacy as "Speak softly and carry a big stick",<ref>{{cite book |last=Harrell |first=David Edwin |authorlink= |coauthors= |editor= |others= |title=Unto a Good Land: A History of the American People |origdate= |origyear= |origmonth= |url= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume= |year=2005 |year= |month= |publisher=] |location=] |language= |isbn=0802829457 |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages= |chapter=The United States in World Affairs, 1900-1920 |chapterurl= |quote= }}</ref> an adage that was engraved on a bronze plaque on ]'s office desk in the Pentagon and has set the modern precedent.<ref name=TR> by Jim Lobe</ref>

The term has since also been applied to the presidential administrations of ]<ref>{{cite book |title=Coming in from the Cold War: changes in U.S.-European Interactions since 1980 |last=Ramet |first=Sabrina P. |authorlink= |coauthors=Christine Ingebritsen |year=2002 |publisher=] |location=] |isbn=0742500179 | chapter = The United States and Europe |page=4 }}</ref> and ].
==Use in fiction==
The term was resurrected in its historical context by ] in a 1991 episode of the American television series, '']''. In the second episode of the two-part story "]", Picard describes the actions of ] in covertly attempting to negotiate a peace treaty between the ] and the ]s as "cowboy diplomacy", although in this context the term was referring to Spock's mission to Romulus lacking official sanction from the ] or ].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Star Trek Encyclopedia: A Reference Guide to the Future |last=Okuda |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Okuda |coauthors=Denise Okuda |year=1999 |publisher=] |location=New York |isbn=0671034758 |page=90 }}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==

* ] * ]
* ] * ]
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==External links== ==External links==
* ('']'') *] & ] (July 9, 2006). . '']''.
*, by ] * by ]
* (]) *] (August 7, 2006). . '']''.
* (]) *Petroski, William . {{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} '']''

{{Diplomacy}}


] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
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Latest revision as of 14:51, 22 July 2024

Intimidating resolution of a conflict

Cowboy diplomacy is a term used by critics to describe the resolution of international conflicts through brash risk-taking, intimidation, military deployment, or a combination of such tactics. It is criticized as stemming from an overly simple, dichotomous world view. Overtly provocative phraseology typically centralizes the message.

One of the earliest known applications of the term was in 1902, when it was used by the American press to describe U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policies. Roosevelt had at the time summarized his approach to international diplomacy as "Speak softly and carry a big stick", an adage that was engraved on a bronze plaque on Donald Rumsfeld's office desk in the Pentagon and has set the modern precedent.

The term has since been applied to the presidential administrations of Ronald Reagan, George W. Bush, and Donald Trump.

See also

References

  1. Harrell, David Edwin (2005). "The United States in World Affairs, 1900-1920". Unto a Good Land: A History of the American People. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 0-8028-2945-7.
  2. History Debunks Bush Myth by Jim Lobe
  3. Ramet, Sabrina P.; Christine Ingebritsen (2002). "The United States and Europe". Coming in from the Cold War: changes in U.S.-European Interactions since 1980. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 4. ISBN 0-7425-0017-9.
  4. Helene Cooper (April 6, 2012). "Obama Embraces National Security as Campaign Issue". The New York Times. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
  5. "'Locked & Loaded' Trump's 1960s Cowboyism re: N. Korea & Venezuela". 12 August 2017.

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