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			{{Short description\|Portuguese prince and Constable of Portugal (1400–1442)}}
⚫	{{Use dmy dates\|date=~~August~~ ~~2013~~}}
			{{EngvarB\|date=May 2014}}
		⚫	{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2014}}
	{{Infobox royalty		{{Infobox royalty
	\| name = Infante John		\| name = Infante John
	\| title = ~~Duke of Beja,~~ Constable of Portugal<br/>Lord of Reguengos, Colares, and Belas		\| title = Constable of Portugal<br/>Lord of Reguengos de Monsaraz, Colares and Belas
	\| image = John of Reguengos (St. Vincent Panels).jpg		\| image = John of Reguengos (St. Vincent Panels).jpg
	\| caption = Detail from the ] by ], often believed to be a portrait of John of Reguengos, the Constable Prince.		\| caption = Detail from the ] by ], often believed to be a portrait of John of Reguengos, the Constable Prince.
	\| ~~imgw~~ =170px		\| image_size =170px
	\| spouse = ]		\| spouse = {{marriage\|]\|1424}}
	\| issue = ]~~<br>~~]~~<br>~~]		\| issue = {{plainlist\|
			*]
			*]
			*]}}
	\| issue-link = #Marriage and ~~Issue~~		\| issue-link = #Marriage and issue
		⚫	\| house = ]
	\| issue-pipe = details
⚫	\| house = ]
	\| father = ]		\| father = ]
	\| mother = ]		\| mother = ]
	\| birth_date = ~~{{Birth~~ ~~date\|~~1400~~\|1\|13\|df=y}}~~		\| birth_date = 13 January 1400
	\| birth_place = ], ]		\| birth_place = ]
	\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|1442\|10\|18\|1400\|1\|13\|df=y}}		\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|1442\|10\|18\|1400\|1\|13\|df=y}}
	\| death_place = ], Kingdom of Portugal		\| death_place = ], ]
	\| burial_place = ]		\| burial_place = ]
	\| religion = ]
	}}		}}

	'''Infante John, Duke of Beja,<ref>{{citation\|last=Maclagan\|first=Michael\|authorlink=Michael Maclagan\|coauthors=Louda, Jiří\|title=Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe\|year=1999\|publisher=Little, Brown & Co\|location=London\|isbn=1-85605-469-1\|page=231}}</ref><ref>{{Citation\|authorlink=Alison Weir\|last=Weir\|first=Alison\|year=1996\|title=Britain's Royal Families: A Complete Genealogy\|edition=Revised\|publisher=Pimlico\|location=London\|isbn=978-0-7126-7448-5\|page=99}}</ref> Constable of Portugal''' ({{~~lang-~~pt\|João}},{{IPA-pt\|~~ʒuˈɐ̃w̃~~}}; ], 13 January 1400 – 18 October 1442~~, ]~~) was a ] '']'' (prince) of the ], ] and master of the Portuguese ] (Santiago). In Portugal, he is commonly referred to as the ''O Infante Condestável'' ("the Constable Prince").		'''Infante John, Constable of Portugal''' ({{langx\|pt\|João}}, {{IPA\|pt\|ʒuˈɐ̃w}}; 13 January 1400 – 18 October 1442) was a Portuguese '']'' (prince) of the ], ] and master of the Portuguese ] (Santiago). In Portugal, he is commonly referred to as the ''O Infante Condestável'' ("the Constable Prince").

	== Early life ==		== Early life ==
Line 27:		Line 30:

	== Royal career ==		== Royal career ==
	~~With his brothers, Infante John participated in the ] (1415) and was ]ed by his father in the aftermath.~~ He was invested as the 1st Lord of ], ] and ] shortly after. In October 1418, at the king's request, ] approved the appointment of Infante John as the 10th Master of the ], bringing the old military order into the hands of the royal family.<ref>Bull of ] appointing John master of Santiago can be found in ''Monumenta Henricina'', vol. 2, </ref> That same year (1418), John and his brother ] led a relief fleet to Ceuta, and helped lift the ].		He was invested as the 1st Lord of ], ] and Belas shortly after. In October 1418, at the king's request, ] approved the appointment of Infante John as the 10th Master of the ], bringing the old military order into the hands of the royal family.<ref>Bull of ] appointing John master of Santiago can be found in ''Monumenta Henricina'', vol. 2, </ref> That same year (1418), John and his brother ] led a relief fleet to Ceuta and helped lift the ].

	After the death of ] in 1431, Infante John was appointed the 3rd ]. As a result, John is frequently ~~characterized~~ by the appellation ''O Infante Condestável'' ("The Constable Prince").		After the death of ] in 1431, Infante John was appointed the 3rd ]. As a result, John is frequently characterised by the appellation ''O Infante Condestável'' ("The Constable Prince").
	]		]
	After King John I's death in 1433, John's eldest brother ascended as king ]. In 1437, Infante John joined another brother ] in arguing against a projected Portuguese ]. The campaign ended in disaster. After the Tangier fiasco, John urged the ratification of ~~the~~ treaty with ] Morocco, ~~delivering~~ ] in exchange for his captive brother ]. The Cortes refused, ~~leaving~~ Ferdinand to die in captivity.		After King John I's death in 1433, John's eldest brother ascended the throne as king ]. In 1437, Infante John joined another brother ], in arguing against a projected Portuguese expedition to seize Tangier that led to the ]. The campaign ended in disaster. After the Tangier fiasco, John urged the ratification of a treaty with ] Morocco that called for the relinquishment of ] in exchange for his captive brother ]. The Cortes refused, and Ferdinand was left to die in captivity.

	== Duke of Coimbra Rebellion ==		== Duke of Coimbra Rebellion ==
	{{main\|Battle of Alfarrobeira}}		{{main\|Battle of Alfarrobeira}}
	King Edward died in September 1438, leaving a young son to ascend as king ], under the regency of his widow ]. This was an unpopular arrangement among the common people of the country, who feared Eleanor would be a puppet of the high nobility, who ~~were itching~~ to ~~claw~~ ~~back~~ ~~the~~ ~~losses~~ they ~~incurred~~ ~~since~~ the ]. The prospect of civil war raised its head. To forestall a rebellion, Infante John quickly seized control of ], and oversaw the assembly of a burgher-packed ] to elect his brother ] as regent for his nephew Afonso V. The high nobility, led by half-brother ], urged Eleanor to hold fast, and a tense power-sharing regency arrangement was agreed upon between Peter and Eleanor.		King Edward died in September 1438, leaving a young son to ascend the throne as king ] under the regency of his widow ]. This was an unpopular arrangement among the common people of the country, who feared Eleanor would be a puppet of the high nobility who sought to recover the political privileges they lost during the ]. The prospect of civil war raised its head. To forestall a rebellion, Infante John quickly seized control of ] and oversaw the assembly of a burgher-packed ] to elect his brother ] as regent for his nephew Afonso V. The high nobility, led by his half-brother ], urged Eleanor to hold fast, and a tense power-sharing regency arrangement was agreed upon between Peter and Eleanor.

⚫	Peter of Coimbra relied on his close alliance with Infante John to secure the lion's share of power during the first few years of the regency. Infante John's sudden death in October 1442 was a terrible blow to Peter, who thereafter found it increasingly difficult to fend off the aspirations of half-brother Afonso of Barcelos.

		⚫	Peter of Coimbra relied on his close alliance with Infante John to secure the lion's share of power during the first few years of the regency. Infante John's sudden death in October 1442 was a terrible blow to Peter, who thereafter found it increasingly difficult to fend off the aspirations of his half-brother Afonso of Barcelos.
			]]]
	Regent Peter appointed John's son ] to succeed his father as Master of the Order of Santiago and Constable of Portugal.		Regent Peter appointed John's son ] to succeed his father as Master of the Order of Santiago and Constable of Portugal.

	== Marriage and ~~Issue~~ ==		== Marriage and issue ==
	In 1424, John married his half-niece ], daughter of his half-brother ]. The couple had four children:		In 1424, John married his half-niece ], daughter of his half-brother ]. The couple had four children:
			*Infante ] (1425–1443) – 4th ] and 11th Master of the ]; without issue.
⚫	* ] (1425-1443)
	* ] (~~1428-1496~~), married ], mother of ]		*Infanta ] (1428–1496), married ], mother of ].
	* ] (~~1430-1506~~), married ], mother of ]		*Infanta ] (1430–1506), married ], mother of ].
	* ~~Filipa~~, Lady of Almada ~~(1432-ca~~.~~1450)~~		*Infanta Phillipa of Portugal (1432–1444), Lady of ].

	==Ancestry==		==Ancestry==
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	\|2= 2. ]		\|2= 2. ]
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	\|4= 4. ]		\|4= 4. ]<ref name="EB-John I">{{Britannica\|304662\|John I, King of Portugal}}</ref>
	\|5= 5. ]		\|5= 5. ]<ref name="EB-John I"/>
			\|6= 6. ]<ref name="Armitage-Smith">{{cite book\| last=Armitage-Smith \|first=Sydney \|title=John of Gaunt: King of Castile and Leon, Duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, Earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, Seneschal of England \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aUutJGyx5EEC&pg=PA21 \|access-date=17 July 2018 \|year=1905 \|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons \|page=21}}</ref>
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	\|7= 7. ]		\|7= 7. ]<ref name="Armitage-Smith"/>
	\|8= 8. ]		\|8= 8. ]<ref name="EB-Peter I">{{Britannica\|453638\|Peter I, King of Portugal}}</ref>
	\|9= 9. ]		\|9= 9. ]<ref name="EB-Peter I"/>
			\|10= 10. Lourenço Martins<ref name="DeSousa1">{{Cite book \|url=https://archive.org/stream/historiagenealog02sous#page/4/mode/2up \|title=Historia genealogica da casa real portugueza \|trans-title=Genealogical History of the Royal House of Portugal \|volume=2 \|language=pt \|last=de Sousa \|first=Antonio Caetano \|publisher=Lisboa Occidental \|year=1735 \|pages=4}}</ref>
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	==References==		==References==

	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

	"Nobreza de Portugal e do Brasil" – Vol. I, pages ~~296-297~~. Published by Zairol Lda., Lisbon 1989.		"Nobreza de Portugal e do Brasil" – Vol. I, pages 296–297. Published by Zairol Lda., Lisbon 1989.

	{{House of Aviz}}		{{House of Aviz}}
	{{Portuguese infantes}}		{{Portuguese infantes}}

			{{Authority control}}
	{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->

	\| NAME = Joao, Infante of Portugal
		⚫	{{DEFAULTSORT:John, Constable of Portugal}}
	\| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
	\| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Portuguese infante
	\| DATE OF BIRTH = 13 January 1400
	\| PLACE OF BIRTH = ], ]
	\| DATE OF DEATH = 18 October 1442
	\| PLACE OF DEATH = ], ]
⚫	}}
	{{DEFAULTSORT:Joao, Infante Of Portugal}}
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Latest revision as of 09:57, 10 November 2024

Portuguese prince and Constable of Portugal (1400–1442)

Infante John
Constable of Portugal Lord of Reguengos de Monsaraz, Colares and Belas
Detail from the St. Vincent Panels by Nuno Gonçalves, often believed to be a portrait of John of Reguengos, the Constable Prince.
Born	13 January 1400 Santarém, Portugal
Died	18 October 1442(1442-10-18) (aged 42) Alcácer do Sal, Portugal
Burial	Batalha Monastery
Spouse	Isabella of Barcelos (m. 1424)
Issue Detail	Infante Diogo, Constable of Portugal Isabella, Queen of Castile Infanta Beatrice, Duchess of Viseu
House	Aviz
Father	John I of Portugal
Mother	Philippa of Lancaster

Infante John, Constable of Portugal (Portuguese: João, Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈɐ̃w]; 13 January 1400 – 18 October 1442) was a Portuguese infante (prince) of the House of Aviz, Constable of Portugal and master of the Portuguese Order of St. James (Santiago). In Portugal, he is commonly referred to as the O Infante Condestável ("the Constable Prince").

Early life

Infante John was the son of King John I of Portugal and his wife Philippa of Lancaster. John and his brothers Edward, Peter, Henry and Ferdinand, sister Isabella and half-brother Afonso, constitute what Portuguese historians have traditionally labelled the 'illustrious generation' (Ínclita Geração)

Royal career

He was invested as the 1st Lord of Reguengos de Monsaraz, Colares and Belas shortly after. In October 1418, at the king's request, Pope Martin V approved the appointment of Infante John as the 10th Master of the Order of St. James of the Sword, bringing the old military order into the hands of the royal family. That same year (1418), John and his brother Henry the Navigator led a relief fleet to Ceuta and helped lift the Siege of Ceuta.

After the death of Nuno Álvares Pereira in 1431, Infante John was appointed the 3rd Constable of Portugal. As a result, John is frequently characterised by the appellation O Infante Condestável ("The Constable Prince").

After King John I's death in 1433, John's eldest brother ascended the throne as king Edward of Portugal. In 1437, Infante John joined another brother Peter, Duke of Coimbra, in arguing against a projected Portuguese expedition to seize Tangier that led to the Battle of Tangier. The campaign ended in disaster. After the Tangier fiasco, John urged the ratification of a treaty with Marinid Morocco that called for the relinquishment of Ceuta in exchange for his captive brother Ferdinand the Holy Prince. The Cortes refused, and Ferdinand was left to die in captivity.

Duke of Coimbra Rebellion

Main article: Battle of Alfarrobeira

King Edward died in September 1438, leaving a young son to ascend the throne as king Afonso V of Portugal under the regency of his widow Eleanor of Aragon. This was an unpopular arrangement among the common people of the country, who feared Eleanor would be a puppet of the high nobility who sought to recover the political privileges they lost during the revolution of the 1380s. The prospect of civil war raised its head. To forestall a rebellion, Infante John quickly seized control of Lisbon and oversaw the assembly of a burgher-packed Cortes to elect his brother Peter of Coimbra as regent for his nephew Afonso V. The high nobility, led by his half-brother Afonso of Barcelos, urged Eleanor to hold fast, and a tense power-sharing regency arrangement was agreed upon between Peter and Eleanor.

Peter of Coimbra relied on his close alliance with Infante John to secure the lion's share of power during the first few years of the regency. Infante John's sudden death in October 1442 was a terrible blow to Peter, who thereafter found it increasingly difficult to fend off the aspirations of his half-brother Afonso of Barcelos.

Regent Peter appointed John's son Diogo of Portugal to succeed his father as Master of the Order of Santiago and Constable of Portugal.

Marriage and issue

In 1424, John married his half-niece Isabella of Barcelos, daughter of his half-brother Afonso of Barcelos. The couple had four children:

Infante Diogo of Portugal (1425–1443) – 4th Constable of Portugal and 11th Master of the Order of St. James; without issue.
Infanta Isabella of Portugal (1428–1496), married John II of Castile, mother of Isabella I of Castile.
Infanta Beatrice of Portugal (1430–1506), married Infante Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu, mother of Manuel I of Portugal.
Infanta Phillipa of Portugal (1432–1444), Lady of Almada.

Ancestry

Ancestors of John, Constable of Portugal

8. Afonso IV of Portugal

4. Peter I of Portugal

9. Beatrice of Castile

2. John I of Portugal

10. Lourenço Martins

5. Teresa Lourenço

11. Sancha Martins

1. John, Constable of Portugal

12. Edward III of England

6. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster

13. Philippa of Hainault

3. Philippa of Lancaster

14. Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster

7. Blanche of Lancaster

15. Isabel of Beaumont

References

Bull of Pope Martin V appointing John master of Santiago can be found in Monumenta Henricina, vol. 2, p.301
^ John I, King of Portugal at the Encyclopædia Britannica
^ Armitage-Smith, Sydney (1905). John of Gaunt: King of Castile and Leon, Duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, Earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, Seneschal of England. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 21. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
^ Peter I, King of Portugal at the Encyclopædia Britannica
^ de Sousa, Antonio Caetano (1735). Historia genealogica da casa real portugueza [Genealogical History of the Royal House of Portugal] (in Portuguese). Vol. 2. Lisboa Occidental. p. 4.

"Nobreza de Portugal e do Brasil" – Vol. I, pages 296–297. Published by Zairol Lda., Lisbon 1989.

House of Aviz

João I (1385–1433)

Spouse(s)	Philippa of Lancaster
Children	Duarte I Peter, Duke of Coimbra Henry the Navigator Isabella, Duchess of Burgundy John, Constable of Portugal Ferdinand the Holy Prince

Duarte I (1433–1438)

Spouse(s)	Eleanor of Aragon
Children	Afonso V Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu Eleanor, Holy Roman Empress Catherine Joan, Queen of Castile

Afonso V (1438–1481)

Spouse(s)	Isabel of Coimbra Joanna la Beltraneja
Children	John, Prince of Portugal Joanna João II

João II (1481–1495)

Spouse(s)	Eleanor of Viseu
Children	Afonso, Prince of Portugal

Manuel I (1495–1521)

Spouse(s)	Isabella of Aragon Maria of Aragon Eleanor of Austria
Children	Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal João III Isabella, Holy Roman Empress Beatrice, Duchess of Savoy Louis, Duke of Beja Ferdinand, Duke of Guarda Cardinal-Infante Afonso Henrique I Edward, Duke of Guimarães Maria, Duchess of Viseu

João III (1521–1557)

Spouse(s)	Catherine of Austria
Children	Afonso, Prince of Portugal Maria Manuela, Princess of Asturias Manuel, Prince of Portugal Filipe, Prince of Portugal João Manuel, Prince of Portugal

Sebastião I (1557–1578)

Henrique I (1578–1580)

Notes: The House of Aviz is a cadet branch of the House of Burgundy and was succeeded by the House of Habsburg

v t e Infantes of Portugal
The generations indicate descent from Afonso I, and continues through the House of Aviz, the House of Habsburg through Infanta Isabel, Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Spain, and the House of Braganza through Infanta Catarina, Duchess of Braganza.
1st generation	Sancho I
2nd generation	Afonso II Infante Pedro, Count of Urgell Infante Fernando, Count of Flanders
3rd generation	Sancho II Afonso III Infante Fernando, Lord of Serpa
4th generation	Dinis I Infante Afonso, Lord of Portalegre
5th generation	Afonso IV Infante Afonso, Lord of Leiria
6th generation	Pedro I
7th generation	Fernando I Infante João, Duke of Valencia de Campos Infante Dinis, Lord of Cifuentes
8th generation	Duarte I Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra Infante Henrique, Duke of Viseu Infante João, Constable of Portugal Infante Fernando
9th generation	Afonso V Infante Fernando, Duke of Viseu Infante Pedro, Constable of Portugal Infante João, Prince of Antioch Cardinal-Infante Jaime of Coimbra Infante Diogo, Constable of Portugal
10th generation	João, Prince of Portugal João II Infante João, Duke of Viseu Infante Diogo, Duke of Viseu Manuel I
11th generation	Afonso, Hereditary Prince of Portugal Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal and Asturias* João III Infante Luís, Duke of Beja Infante Fernando, Duke of Guarda Cardinal-Infante Afonso Henrique I (The Cardinal-King) Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães
12th generation	Afonso, Prince of Portugal Manuel, Prince of Portugal Filipe, Prince of Portugal João Manuel, Prince of Portugal Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães
13th generation	Sebastião I Diogo, Prince of Portugal and Asturias§ Filipe II§ Manuel, Hereditary Prince of Portugalƒ
14th generation	Filipe III§ Infante Carlos§ Cardinal-Infante Fernando§ Infante Alonso§
15th generation	Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Portugal and Asturias§ Teodósio, Prince of Brazil Afonso VI Pedro II
16th generation	João, Prince of Brazil João V Infante Francisco, Duke of Beja Infante António Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém
17th generation	Pedro, Prince of Brazil José I Infante Carlos Pedro III Infante Alexandre
18th generation	None
19th generation	José, Prince of Brazil João VI
20th generation	Francisco António, Prince of Beira Pedro I of Brazil & IV of Portugal Miguel I Infante Pedro Carlos#
21st generation	João Carlos, Prince of Beira Pedro II of Brazil‡ Infante Miguel, Duke of Braganzaƒ Infante Sebastião#
22nd generation	Pedro V¶ Luís I¶ Infante João, Duke of Beja¶ Infante Fernando¶ Infante Augusto, Duke of Coimbra¶ Infante Miguel, Duke of Viseuƒ◙ Infante Francisco Joséƒ◙ Infante Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganzaƒ◙
23rd generation	Carlos I¶ Infante Afonso, Duke of Porto¶ Infante Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganzaƒ
24th generation	Luís Filipe, Prince Royal¶ Manuel II¶ Afonso, Prince of Beiraƒ
* also an infante of Castile and León, Aragon, Sicily and Naples, § also an infante of Spain and an archduke of Austria, # also an infante of Spain, ‡ also an imperial prince of Brazil, ¶ also a prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke in Saxony, ◙ also a prince of Braganza, ¤ title removed in 1920 as their parents' marriage was deemed undynastic, ƒ claimant infante

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