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{{Short description|Region of Sweden}}
{{distinguish|Gotland}}
{{Redirect-distinguish|Gothland|Gotland|Gotland (disambiguation)|Gothland (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement {{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| image_map = File:Sverigekarta-Landsdelar Götaland.svg
| timezone = ] | mapsize = 250px
| coordinates = {{coord|57|39|N|14|41|E|display=inline,title}}
⚫ | utc_offset = +1
| area_total_km2 = 97841
⚫ | timezone_DST = ]
| utc_offset_DST = +2 | population_as_of = 31 December 2021
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/statistik-efter-amne/befolkning/befolkningens-sammansattning/befolkningsstatistik/pong/tabell-och-diagram/helarsstatistik--forsamling-landskap-och-stad/folkmangd-i-landskapen-den-31-december-2021// |title=Folkmängd i landskapen den 31 december 2021 |date= |publisher=] |language=sv |access-date=23 August 2022 |archive-date=23 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823180204/https://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/statistik-efter-amne/befolkning/befolkningens-sammansattning/befolkningsstatistik/pong/tabell-och-diagram/helarsstatistik--forsamling-landskap-och-stad/folkmangd-i-landskapen-den-31-december-2021// |url-status=live }}</ref>
| coordinates_display = display=inline,title
| population_total = 4995764
| latd = 57 |latm=39 |lats= |latNS=N
| population_density_km2 = auto
| longd = 14 |longm=41 |longs= |longEW=E
| website = | timezone = ]
⚫ | utc_offset = +1
⚫ | timezone_DST = ]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| website =
| settlement_type = ]
}} }}
]
⚫ ] ] to the south and southwest (red outline), and ] to the west (green outline).]]
⚫ ] in ], and the former historical ] (]) in southern Sweden.]]
⚫ ]


], which politically merged with the ] to form Sweden. Note that ], north of ] and ], also was a part of Götaland originally, while the large island of ] was not. Expansions in dark gray outside the border, including Gotland.]]
'''Götaland''' ({{IPA-sv|ˈjøːtaland|lang|Gotaland.ogg}}, also ''Gothia'', ''Gothland'',<ref>{{citation | title = Nuttall Encyclopædia of General Knowledge | year = 1907}} (Gothland is also used for ]).</ref><ref>{{citation | url = http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Volsunga/ | publisher = Berkeley | title = A translation of the Völsunga saga}} (Gothland is also used for ]).</ref> ''Gothenland'', ''Gautland'' or ''Geatland''{{cn|date=February 2014}}) is one of three ] and comprises ten ]. Geographically it is located in the south of Sweden, bounded to the north by ], with the deep woods of ], ] and ] marking the border. '''Götaland''' ({{IPA|sv|ˈjø̂ːtaˌland|lang|Sv-Gotaland.oga}}; also '' Gothia'', ''Gothland'',<ref>{{citation | title = Nuttall Encyclopædia of General Knowledge | year = 1907}} (Gothland is also used for ]).</ref><ref>{{citation | url = http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Volsunga/ | publisher = Berkeley | title = A translation of the Völsunga saga | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051211180329/http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Volsunga/ | archive-date = 11 December 2005 }} (Gothland is also used for ]).</ref> ''Gothenland'' or ''Gautland'') is one of three ] and comprises ten ]. Geographically it is located in the south of Sweden, bounded to the north by ], with the deep woods of ], ] and ] marking the border.


Götaland once consisted of ]s, which its inhabitants called ''Gautar'' in ]. It is generally agreed that these were the same as the '']'', the people of the hero ] in England's national epic, ]. Götaland once consisted of ]s, and their inhabitants were called ''Gautar'' in ]. However, the term mainly referred to the population of modern ]. It is agreed that these were the same as the '']'', the people of the hero ] in England's ], '']''.

The modern state of ] started forming when some provinces of Götaland gradually became more and more politically intertwined with those of Svealand. This process can be traced back to at least the 11th century, and would continue for several hundred years. Other parts of modern Götaland were at that time either Danish or Norwegian. The province of ], with the historically important city ] on its coast, was sparsely populated and the status of the Baltic island Gotland varied during the Middle Ages. ] became Swedish first during the 17th century after being taken from ], around the same time as ] lost ], ] and ] to Sweden.


== Etymology == == Etymology ==
{{Further|Name of the Goths}}
⚫ The earliest possible mentions of the ''götar'' is ] (2nd century AD) who mentions the ''goutai''. Later, '']'' (8th–11th century) partially takes place among the ''Géatas''. Norwegian and Icelandic sources sometimes use ''Gautar'' only for the people of Västergötland, but sometimes as a common ethnic term for both the people of Västergötland and those of Östergötland.<ref name="stål">{{citation | last = Stål | first = Harry | year = 1976 | title = Ortnamn och ortnamnsforskning | publisher = Almquist & Wiksell | location = Uppsala | page = 130}}.</ref> Västergötland appears in medieval Icelandic and Norwegian sources as ''Gautland'' (Götland), a form which is not etymologically identical to ''Götaland''.
[[File:Armoiries Suède ancien 2.svg|left|thumb|Historical coat of arms of Götaland<ref>{{cite book
| title = Alverdens flag i farver | author = Cristian Fogd Pedersen
| year = 1970 | publisher = Politikens Forlag | language = da
| location = Copenhagen | isbn = 87-567-1143-3 | page = 138 | chapter = Sverige}}</ref><ref>] features the coat of arms.</ref>{{clarify|Seems like it was the CoA for ] that was used as/thought to be CoA for Götaland during one period; see svwp:Göteborgs stadsvapen.|date=December 2017}}]]
⚫ The earliest possible mentions of the ''götar'' is by the 2nd-century geographer ], who mentions the ''Goutai'' (Γούται in ]). Later, the Anglo-Saxon epic '']'' (8th–11th century) is partly set among the ''Gēatas''. Norwegian and Icelandic sources sometimes use ''Gautar'' only for the people of ], but sometimes as a common ethnic term for the people of both Västergötland and ].<ref name="stål">{{citation | last = Stål | first = Harry | year = 1976 | title = Ortnamn och ortnamnsforskning | publisher = Almquist & Wiksell | location = Uppsala | page = 130}}</ref> Västergötland appears in medieval Icelandic and Norwegian sources as ''Gautland'' (Götland), a form which is not etymologically identical to ''Götaland''.


The name ''Götaland'' replaced the old ''Götland'' in the 15th century, and it was probably to distinguish the wider region it denoted from the traditional heartland in ].<ref name="nordisk">{{citation | url = http://runeberg.org/nfbj/0479.html | chapter = Götaland | title = ] | year = 1909}}.</ref> The name Götaland probably originally referred only to ] and ], but was later extended to adjoining districts. The name ''Götaland'' is probably a plural construction and means the "lands of the Geats",{{says who|date=February 2014}} where ''Göta-'' is the ] of the ] Göt (Geat). The interpretation that the ] -''land'' is a plural and not a singular noun is indicated by ]'s will in 1384, where he stated that he donated property in ''Swerige'' (Sweden, i.e. ]), ''Österlandom'' (]) and in ''Göthalandom'' to monasteries. Here Götaland appears in the plural form of the ].<ref name="stål"/> The name ''Götaland'' replaced the old ''Götland'' in the 15th century, and it was probably to distinguish the wider region it denoted from the traditional heartland in Västergötland.<ref name="nordisk">{{citation | chapter-url = https://runeberg.org/nfbj/0479.html | chapter = Götaland | title = ] | year = 1909 | access-date = 29 April 2007 | archive-date = 20 October 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171020100502/http://runeberg.org/nfbj/0479.html | url-status = live }}</ref> The name Götaland probably originally referred only to Västergötland and Östergötland, but was later extended to adjoining districts. The name ''Götaland'' is possibly a plural construction and means the "lands of the Geats", where ''Göta-'' is the ] of the ] Göt (Geat). The interpretation that the ] -''land'' is a plural and not a singular noun is indicated by ]'s will in 1384, where he stated that he donated property in ''Swerige'' (Sweden, i.e. ]), ''Österlandom'' (]) and in ''Göthalandom'' to monasteries. Here Götaland appears in the plural form of the ].<ref name="stål"/>


For the etymology of the element Geat/Gaut/Göt and Goth, see ]. For the etymology of the element Geat/Gaut/Göt and Goth, see ].


] as well]]
⚫ == History ==
Götaland came to include the Southern tip of Scandinavia for the first time under King ] in the 14th century, before which the southern tip of Scandinavia had been known as ''Scandzas'' or Scania alternatively, according to Tacitus in his work ''Germanica'' CE 98. Dense forests between the historic Götaland and Scania had been the traditional dividing line between the two. Scania had its own royal line and it was only under King ] that Scania became an integral part of Denmark, around CE 980 cc.


⚫ == History ==
] and ], once rival kingdoms themselves, constitute Götaland proper. The ], however, belong to the domain of ].
] and ], once rival kingdoms themselves, constitute Götaland proper. The ], however, belong to the domain of ]. Both Västergötland and Östergötland have large agricultural areas. It was along the coasts and at the agricultural areas as people settled down, villages and towns grew up and the population grew fastest. The large river ] drains the third largest lake in Europe, Lake ]. At its mouth (where ] emerged during the earlier part of the 17th century) the population in Västergötland had rights to reach the ] sea. Otherwise the Göta Älv estuary was the border between the Kingdoms of ] and ] until the 13th century.


Geatland is the land in which the medieval hero of the poem '']'' is said to have lived. Geatland is the land in which the medieval hero of the poem '']'' is said to have lived.


It was only late in the Middle Ages that Götaland began to be perceived as a part of ]. In ] and in ] sources, Gautland/Geatland is still treated as a separate country from Sweden. In '']'' for instance, ] between Svealand and ] is described as the border between Sweden and Ostrogothia (...''Kolmerkr, er skilr Svíþjóð ok Eystra-Gautland''...), and in '']'', King ] rides to Sweden through ]: ''Ingi konungr fór með hirð sína ok sveit nokkura ok hafði lítinn her. Hann reið austr um Smáland ok í eystra Gautland ok svá í Svíþjóð''. In 1384 ] stated in his will that the kingdom consisted of ''Swerige'' (Sweden, i.e. Svealand), ''Österland'' (i.e. ]) and ''Göthaland'' (i.e. Götaland). It was only late in the Middle Ages that Götaland began to be perceived as a part of ]. In ] and in ] sources, Gautland/Geatland is still treated as a separate country from Sweden. In '']'' for instance, ] between Svealand and Östergötland is described as the border between Sweden and Ostrogothia (...{{lang|sv|Kolmerkr, er skilr Svíþjóð ok Eystra-Gautland}}...), and in '']'', King ] rides to Sweden through Östergötland: ''Ingi konungr fór með hirð sína ok sveit nokkura ok hafði lítinn her. Hann reið austr um Smáland ok í eystra Gautland ok svá í Svíþjóð''. In 1384 ] stated in his will that the kingdom consisted of ''Swerige'' (Sweden, i.e. Svealand), ''Österland'' (i.e. ]) and ''Göthaland'' (i.e. Götaland, as of the 1384 borders).


The small countries to the south of ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] were merged into the province of ] (literally: "small countries"). Off the coast of ] was the island of ], which became a separate province. The small countries to the south – ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]{{citation needed|reason=Wasn't Ydre just part of Kinda?|date=December 2017}} – were merged into the province of ] (literally: "small lands"). Off the coast of Småland was the island of ], which became a separate province. Dal to the north west became the province of ].


⚫ Småland, Öland and Dalsland were already seen as lands belonging to Götaland during the ]n Middle Ages (12th–15th century).
Dal to the north west became the province of ].


Småland was full of deep coniferous forest, especially in the south, and of lesser importance to Götaland compared to the agricultural areas in Västergötland and Östergötland. But on its Baltic Sea coast lay the important town of ]. In 1397, the ] was proclaimed at ], a ] of the three countries of Sweden, ] and ] under one King – or initially one Queen, as ] became the first sovereign of this, the largest ever of Scandinavian states.<ref>Harald Gustafsson, "A State that Failed?" Scandinavian Journal of History (2006) 32#3 pp 205–220</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Earenfight|first1=Theresa|title=Queenship in Medieval Europe|date=2013|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781137303929|page=238|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GD4dBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA238|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210181245/https://books.google.com/books?id=GD4dBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA238|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 December 2016}}</ref>
⚫ ], ] and ] were already seen as lands belonging to Götaland in (]n) medieval times (12th&ndash;15th century).
] – view from the North-Eastern side]]


In the ] (1658), ] ceded ], ], ], and ] to Sweden. These provinces are since then counted as parts of Götaland. In the ] (1658), the kingdom of ] ceded the Danish provinces of ], ], ], and Norwegian province of ] to Sweden. These provinces are since then counted as parts of Götaland.


The island of ] shifted allegiance between the Swedes and the Danes several times. Although the island may be perceived to have closer links to ], it is counted as part of Götaland. The island of ] shifted allegiance between the Swedes and the Danes several times. Although the island may be perceived to have closer links to Svealand, it is counted as part of Götaland.


] originally belonged to the Göta Court of Appeal, but the province changed to become part of the Court of Appeal for ] for a period of time in the early 19th century. ] originally belonged to the Göta Court of Appeal, but the province changed to become part of the Court of Appeal for Svealand for a period of time in the early 19th century.


== Provinces and counties == == Provinces and counties ==
Today, Götaland has no administrative function and is thus an unofficial entity, but it is generally considered to be one of three ] or parts. It is made up of ten ], based loosely on the area originally under the jurisdiction of the Göta Court of Appeals (established in 1634), to which the ], ] and ] were added in 1658–79: Today, Götaland has no administrative function and is thus an unofficial entity, but it is generally considered to be one of three ] or parts. It is made up of ten ], based loosely on the area originally under the jurisdiction of the Göta Court of Appeals (established in 1634), to which the ], ] and ] were added in 1658–79:
{{plainlist|{{columns-list|colwidth=10em|style=max-width: 60em; line-height: 35px;|
{{col-begin|width=auto}}
⚫ * ] ]
{{col-break}}
* ] ] * ] ]
* ] ] * ] ]
* ] ] * ] ]
* ] ] * ] ]
* ]] * ] ]
⚫ * ] ]
{{col-break|gap=2em}}
* ] ] * ] ]
* ] ] * ] ]
* ] ] * ] ]
}}}}
⚫ * ] ]
⚫ * ] ]
{{col-end}}


Administratively, Sweden is not divided into provinces but into counties (see ]). Although Götaland is defined in terms of the historical provinces and not the counties, it roughly comprises the modern counties of ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. Administratively, Sweden is not divided into provinces but into counties (see ]). Although Götaland is defined in terms of the historical provinces and not the counties, it roughly comprises the modern counties of ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].


== Geography == == Geography ==
{{Further|South Swedish highlands|Central Swedish lowland}}
Deep forests are found in the ] province, there is plenty of farmland in ], and a little bit of both in ] and ]. Coasts are usually relatively flat and consist of ]es as well as sandy beaches. The two largest ] are included in Götaland. The two largest ] are also situated mainly in Götaland. The total area is 87,712&nbsp;km² with about 4,4 million inhabitants including the second and third largest ]. Deep forests are found in the ] province, there is plenty of farmland in ], and a little bit of both in ] and ]. Coasts are usually relatively flat and consist of ]es as well as sandy beaches. The two largest ] are included in Götaland. The two largest ] are also situated mainly in Götaland. The total area is 87,712&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> with about 4.4 million inhabitants including the second and third largest ].


== Notes == == Map gallery ==

⚫ {{reflist}}
<gallery>
⚫ File:Gothia2.jpg|Gothia, Sweden, in 1635 (yellow outline), bordering ] ] to the south and southwest (red outline), and ] to the west (green outline). Note the inclusion of Värmland.
⚫ File:Map swedish lands.png|Map of Sweden's three historical lands, the former Swedish province ] in ], and the former historical ] (]) in southern Sweden. In the map, the lands have their most recent borders.
⚫ File:Map gotaland.png|Götaland with the Swedish acquisitions of 1645 and 1658 in darker green: Gotland, Blekinge, Halland and Scania from Denmark, and Bohuslän from Norway (then under Danish rule)
</gallery>


== See also == == See also ==
⚫ * ]
* ]
⚫ * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
⚫ * ]
⚫ * ]

== Notes ==
⚫ {{reflist}}


== External links == == External links ==
{{commons-inline|Category:Götaland|Götaland}} * {{commons-inline}}


{{Lands of Sweden}} {{Lands of Sweden}}

Latest revision as of 08:20, 13 January 2025

Region of Sweden "Gothland" redirects here. Not to be confused with Gotland, Gotland (disambiguation), or Gothland (disambiguation).

Land of Sweden
Götaland
Land of Sweden
Location of Götaland
Coordinates: 57°39′N 14°41′E / 57.650°N 14.683°E / 57.650; 14.683
Area
 • Total97,841 km (37,777 sq mi)
Population
 • Total4,995,764
 • Density51/km (130/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Map of Götaland, the areas of the Geats, which politically merged with the Swedes to form Sweden. Note that Värmland, north of Dalsland and Västergötland, also was a part of Götaland originally, while the large island of Gotland was not. Expansions in dark gray outside the border, including Gotland.

Götaland (Swedish: [ˈjø̂ːtaˌland] ; also Gothia, Gothland, Gothenland or Gautland) is one of three lands of Sweden and comprises ten provinces. Geographically it is located in the south of Sweden, bounded to the north by Svealand, with the deep woods of Tiveden, Tylöskog and Kolmården marking the border.

Götaland once consisted of petty kingdoms, and their inhabitants were called Gautar in Old Norse. However, the term mainly referred to the population of modern Västergötland. It is agreed that these were the same as the Geats, the people of the hero Beowulf in England's national epic, Beowulf.

The modern state of Sweden started forming when some provinces of Götaland gradually became more and more politically intertwined with those of Svealand. This process can be traced back to at least the 11th century, and would continue for several hundred years. Other parts of modern Götaland were at that time either Danish or Norwegian. The province of Småland, with the historically important city Kalmar on its coast, was sparsely populated and the status of the Baltic island Gotland varied during the Middle Ages. Bohuslän became Swedish first during the 17th century after being taken from Norway, around the same time as Denmark lost Scania, Halland and Blekinge to Sweden.

Etymology

Further information: Name of the Goths
Historical coat of arms of Götaland

The earliest possible mentions of the götar is by the 2nd-century geographer Ptolemy, who mentions the Goutai (Γούται in Greek). Later, the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf (8th–11th century) is partly set among the Gēatas. Norwegian and Icelandic sources sometimes use Gautar only for the people of Västergötland, but sometimes as a common ethnic term for the people of both Västergötland and Östergötland. Västergötland appears in medieval Icelandic and Norwegian sources as Gautland (Götland), a form which is not etymologically identical to Götaland.

The name Götaland replaced the old Götland in the 15th century, and it was probably to distinguish the wider region it denoted from the traditional heartland in Västergötland. The name Götaland probably originally referred only to Västergötland and Östergötland, but was later extended to adjoining districts. The name Götaland is possibly a plural construction and means the "lands of the Geats", where Göta- is the genitive plural of the ethnonym Göt (Geat). The interpretation that the neuter noun -land is a plural and not a singular noun is indicated by Bo Jonsson Grip's will in 1384, where he stated that he donated property in Swerige (Sweden, i.e. Svealand), Österlandom (Finland) and in Göthalandom to monasteries. Here Götaland appears in the plural form of the dative case.

For the etymology of the element Geat/Gaut/Göt and Goth, see Geat.

Map indicating that the areas of the Geats originally included Värmland as well

History

Västergötland and Östergötland, once rival kingdoms themselves, constitute Götaland proper. The Geatish kings, however, belong to the domain of Norse mythology. Both Västergötland and Östergötland have large agricultural areas. It was along the coasts and at the agricultural areas as people settled down, villages and towns grew up and the population grew fastest. The large river Göta Älv drains the third largest lake in Europe, Lake Vänern. At its mouth (where Gothenburg emerged during the earlier part of the 17th century) the population in Västergötland had rights to reach the Kattegat sea. Otherwise the Göta Älv estuary was the border between the Kingdoms of Norway and Denmark until the 13th century.

Geatland is the land in which the medieval hero of the poem Beowulf is said to have lived.

It was only late in the Middle Ages that Götaland began to be perceived as a part of Sweden. In Old Norse and in Old English sources, Gautland/Geatland is still treated as a separate country from Sweden. In Sögubrot af Nokkrum for instance, Kolmården between Svealand and Östergötland is described as the border between Sweden and Ostrogothia (...Kolmerkr, er skilr Svíþjóð ok Eystra-Gautland...), and in Hervarar saga, King Ingold I rides to Sweden through Östergötland: Ingi konungr fór með hirð sína ok sveit nokkura ok hafði lítinn her. Hann reið austr um Smáland ok í eystra Gautland ok svá í Svíþjóð. In 1384 Bo Jonsson (Grip) stated in his will that the kingdom consisted of Swerige (Sweden, i.e. Svealand), Österland (i.e. Finland) and Göthaland (i.e. Götaland, as of the 1384 borders).

The small countries to the south – Finnveden, Kind, Möre, Njudung, Tjust, Tveta, Värend, and Ydre – were merged into the province of Småland (literally: "small lands"). Off the coast of Småland was the island of Öland, which became a separate province. Dal to the north west became the province of Dalsland.

Småland, Öland and Dalsland were already seen as lands belonging to Götaland during the Scandinavian Middle Ages (12th–15th century).

Småland was full of deep coniferous forest, especially in the south, and of lesser importance to Götaland compared to the agricultural areas in Västergötland and Östergötland. But on its Baltic Sea coast lay the important town of Kalmar. In 1397, the Kalmar Union was proclaimed at Kalmar Castle, a personal union of the three countries of Sweden, Denmark and Norway under one King – or initially one Queen, as Queen Margaret I became the first sovereign of this, the largest ever of Scandinavian states.

Kalmar Castle – view from the North-Eastern side

In the Treaty of Roskilde (1658), the kingdom of Denmark-Norway ceded the Danish provinces of Blekinge, Halland, Scania, and Norwegian province of Bohuslän to Sweden. These provinces are since then counted as parts of Götaland.

The island of Gotland shifted allegiance between the Swedes and the Danes several times. Although the island may be perceived to have closer links to Svealand, it is counted as part of Götaland.

Värmland originally belonged to the Göta Court of Appeal, but the province changed to become part of the Court of Appeal for Svealand for a period of time in the early 19th century.

Provinces and counties

Today, Götaland has no administrative function and is thus an unofficial entity, but it is generally considered to be one of three Swedish lands or parts. It is made up of ten provinces, based loosely on the area originally under the jurisdiction of the Göta Court of Appeals (established in 1634), to which the Scanian lands, Gotland and Bohuslän were added in 1658–79:

Administratively, Sweden is not divided into provinces but into counties (see Län). Although Götaland is defined in terms of the historical provinces and not the counties, it roughly comprises the modern counties of Blekinge, Gotland, Halland, Jönköping, Kalmar, Kronoberg, Östergötland, Scania and Västra Götaland.

Geography

Further information: South Swedish highlands and Central Swedish lowland

Deep forests are found in the Småland province, there is plenty of farmland in Scania, and a little bit of both in Västergötland and Östergötland. Coasts are usually relatively flat and consist of archipelagoes as well as sandy beaches. The two largest islands of Sweden are included in Götaland. The two largest lakes of Sweden are also situated mainly in Götaland. The total area is 87,712 km with about 4.4 million inhabitants including the second and third largest urban areas of Sweden.

Map gallery

  • Gothia, Sweden, in 1635 (yellow outline), bordering Danish Scanian lands to the south and southwest (red outline), and Norway to the west (green outline). Note the inclusion of Värmland. Gothia, Sweden, in 1635 (yellow outline), bordering Danish Scanian lands to the south and southwest (red outline), and Norway to the west (green outline). Note the inclusion of Värmland.
  • Map of Sweden's three historical lands, the former Swedish province Österland in Finland, and the former historical land of Denmark (Skåneland) in southern Sweden. In the map, the lands have their most recent borders. Map of Sweden's three historical lands, the former Swedish province Österland in Finland, and the former historical land of Denmark (Skåneland) in southern Sweden. In the map, the lands have their most recent borders.
  • Götaland with the Swedish acquisitions of 1645 and 1658 in darker green: Gotland, Blekinge, Halland and Scania from Denmark, and Bohuslän from Norway (then under Danish rule) Götaland with the Swedish acquisitions of 1645 and 1658 in darker green: Gotland, Blekinge, Halland and Scania from Denmark, and Bohuslän from Norway (then under Danish rule)

See also

Notes

  1. "Folkmängd i landskapen den 31 december 2021" (in Swedish). Statistics Sweden. Archived from the original on 23 August 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  2. Nuttall Encyclopædia of General Knowledge, 1907 (Gothland is also used for Gotland).
  3. A translation of the Völsunga saga, Berkeley, archived from the original on 11 December 2005 (Gothland is also used for Gotland).
  4. Cristian Fogd Pedersen (1970). "Sverige". Alverdens flag i farver (in Danish). Copenhagen: Politikens Forlag. p. 138. ISBN 87-567-1143-3.
  5. Carta Marina features the coat of arms.
  6. ^ Stål, Harry (1976), Ortnamn och ortnamnsforskning, Uppsala: Almquist & Wiksell, p. 130
  7. "Götaland", Nordisk familjebok, 1909, archived from the original on 20 October 2017, retrieved 29 April 2007
  8. Harald Gustafsson, "A State that Failed?" Scandinavian Journal of History (2006) 32#3 pp 205–220
  9. Earenfight, Theresa (2013). Queenship in Medieval Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 238. ISBN 9781137303929. Archived from the original on 10 December 2016.

External links

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