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{{short description|Archangel of Judaic tradition}}
'''Sariel''' (]: זהריאל, ]: ‘Ατριήλ, "Command of God" "God's command") is one of the ]s mainly from ] tradition. Other possible versions of his name are Suriel, Suriyel (in some ] translations), Seriel, Sauriel, ], Saraqael, Sarakiel, Suruel, Esdreel, Sahariel, Juriel, Jariel, Surufel
{{Infobox saint
and Sourial.<ref>http://www.amaraka.tv/content/jesus-esu-asure-asu-surya-suriel-sariel-uriel-phra-athit-%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%AE%CE%BB-pasu-ptah-agni-yastra-namaha</ref>
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| name = Suriel
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| venerated_in = ], ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://becomeorthodox.org/the-heavenly-host-in-the-coptic-tradition/ |title=The Heavenly Host in the Coptic Tradition |last=Meinardus |first=Otto F. A. |date=3 July 2015 |website=becomeorthodox.org |access-date=19 April 2019 |author-link=Otto Friedrich August Meinardus |archive-date=29 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629060455/http://becomeorthodox.org/the-heavenly-host-in-the-coptic-tradition/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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'''Sariel''' (] and ]: שָׂרִיאֵל ''Śārīʾēl'', "God is my Ruler";<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew Concordance - 8268. sar |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/8269.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew Concordance - 7786. sur |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7786.htm}}</ref> ]: Σαριηλ ''Sariēl'', {{langx|cop|ⲥⲟⲩⲣⲓⲏⲗ}} ''Souriēl'';<ref>{{Cite web |title=رؤساء الملائكة الآخرين - كتاب الملائكة {{!}} St-Takla.org |url=https://st-takla.org/Full-Free-Coptic-Books/FreeCopticBooks-014-Various-Authors/001-Al-Mala2ka/The-Angels__39-Other-Archangels.html |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=st-takla.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=الذكصولوجيات الواطس – ذكصولوجية السمائين {{!}} شاشف إن أرشى أنجيلوس {{!}} سبعة رؤساء الملائكة {{!}} St-Takla.org |url=https://st-takla.org/Lyrics-Spiritual-Songs/Words-of-Coptic-Alhan-Tasbeha-Kodas/Arabic-Coptic-04-Epsalmodia-Tasbeha/Tasbe7a-Coptic-Transliteration-Annual-Psalmody/Praise-Epsalmodya-Tasbeha-155-Doxology-Samaeieen_Shashf-En-Arshi.html |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=st-takla.org}}</ref> ]: ሰራቁያል ''Säraquyael'', ሰረቃኤል ''Säräqael'') is an ] mainly from ] tradition. Other possible versions of his name are '''Suriel''', '''Suriyel''' (in some ] translations), '''Seriel''', '''Sauriel''', '''Saraqael''', '''Sarakiel''', '''Suruel''', '''Surufel''', and '''Souriel'''.


Suriel is sometimes identified with Ariel, ], and Uriel. In ], he is one of the Seven holy ] who is "of eternity and trembling". In ] lore, he is one of seven angels of the earth. ] identified Suriel as one of seven angels who are primordial powers. In ], Suriel is invoked for his protective powers. He is commemorated in the calendar of the ] on 27 Tubah. {{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} In ] (20:6), he is said to be "one of the holy angels , who is set over the spirits, who ] in the spirit".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Book of Enoch, Chapter XX. |url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/boe/boe023.htm |website=Sacred-Texts}}</ref> ] identified Suriel as one of seven angels who are considered primordial powers by the ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/04166.htm|title=Origen, ''Contra Celsum'', Book VI Chapter 30}}</ref> In ], Sariel is invoked for his protective powers. He is commemorated by the ] on 27 Tobi in the ].


He is not to be confused with the fallen ] ] (] & ]: שַׂהֲרִיאֵל ''Śahărīʾēl''; "God is my ]")<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew Concordance - 7720. saharon |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7720.htm}}</ref> who bears a similar name. In 1 Enoch (8:1) he is said to have taught humans the ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Book of Enoch, Chapter VIII. |url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/boe/boe011.htm |website=Sacred-Texts}}</ref>
Like Metatron, Suriel is a prince of presence and like Raphael, an angel of healing. He is also a benevolent angel of death (one of a few). Suriel was sent to retrieve the soul of Moses. It is said that Moses received all his knowledge from Suriel, (although Sariel is credited as "instructor of Moses" whom brought knowledges from God to Moses and escorted Moses and Israel people to Red Sea and acrossed it.) {{Citation needed|date=January 2010}}


== In traditional texts == == In traditional texts ==
⚫ The fallen watcher Sariel, according to the ], was one of the leaders of angels who ]ed after the daughters of men. They descended to the summit of ], in the days of ], to acquire wives and lead men astray.<ref name="ReferenceA">]</ref> Sariel specifically taught men about the course of the moon.<ref>]</ref> ]' translation of the names of the Book of Enoch says it was Sariel who taught humans the "course of the moon" (the ]).


In this same book, the ] Sariel is one of the holy angels, who is set over the spirits that sin in the spirit, and is one of the angels who look upon the bloodshed on Earth, along with ], ], ] and ].
⚫ === History ===
⚫ The University of Michigan has a section devoted to Traditions of Magic in Late Antiquity, Protective Magic, ]ian Demon Bowls. One clay bowl Seleucia-on-Tigris, 6th or 7th century lists Sariel twice: "''I wrote all of the curses upon a new bowl of clay and I sent back the curses of those who cursed Negray daughter of Denday to their masters until they release and bless in the name of Sariel the angel and Barakiel the angel and in the name of Sariel and ] you release from the curses of those who curse Negray daughter of Denday as a man is freed from the house of bondage and from the house of weapons amen amen selah''"


In the book of ] he is listed, with the name of Samuil or Sariel, as one of the angels that brought ] to ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2 Enoch (tr. F. Andersen), Chapter 33. |url=https://www.marquette.edu/maqom/slavonicenoch.html}}</ref>


⚫ The book of ], from the ], lists the name of ''Sariel'' (שריאל, "''God is my Ruler"'') along with Michael, Raphael, and Gabriel as names to write upon the shields of soldiers in a tower during maneuvers (1]] 9,15). It is used on the shields of the third ''Tower'' (1QM 9,16).<ref>] (War Rule), 1QM, Column 9, Lines 15-16</ref>
==== Old Testament Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha ====
⚫ According to the ], Sariel, also called Saraqael (communicants of God) and Azrael (whom God helps, Help of God), was one of the leaders of the Watchers, angels who lusted after the daughters of men. They descended to the summit of ], in the days of ], to acquire wives and lead men astray.<ref name="ReferenceA">]</ref> Sariel specifically taught men about the course of the moon.<ref>]</ref> Knibbs' translation of the names of the Book of Enoch says it was Sariel who taught humans the "course of the moon" (the Lunar Calendar). His name is also listed as Arazyal and Asaradel in some 1 Enoch translations,<ref name=AandD></ref> the name being a combination of sa'ar and 'God.' In the book of ] he is usually listed as the fourth angel with the name of Samuil or Sariel.<ref name=AandD/>


The angel ''Suriyel'' is briefly mentioned in the ] as bearing ] from the top of a high mountain to the ].<ref>] 31:6</ref>
⚫ The book of ] lists the name of ''Sariel'' (שריאל, ''Ministry of God'', an alternate spelling of Sariel) along with ], ], and ] as names to write upon the shields of soldiers in a tower during maneuvers (1QM 9,15). It is used on the shields of the third ''Tower'' (1QM 9,16).<ref>] (War Rule), 1QM, Column 9, Lines 15-16</ref>


The angel ''Suriyel'' is briefly mentioned in the ] as bearing ] from the top of a high mountain to the Cave of Treasures.<ref>] 31:6</ref> :"… bring what he had brought, and give it to Adam. And they did so, one by one. 6 And God commanded Suriyel and Salathiel to bear up Adam and Eve, and bring them down from the top of the high mountain, and …" - Bible. O. T. Apocryphal books. English First Book of Adam and Eve.


⚫ In the ] ''Sariel'' is dispatched by the Lord to ] to explain to him the meaning of the dream about the ladder.
:''"… bring what he had brought, and give it to Adam. And they did so, one by one. 6 And God commanded Suriyel and Salathiel to bear up Adam and Eve, and bring them down from the top of the high mountain, and …" - Bible. O. T. Apocryphal books. English First Book of Adam and Eve.''


⚫ The book of ] by ] has a number of translations which lists ''Sariell'' as one of "The names of the angels of the eighth month, which is called ]", and ''Sariel'' as one of "The names of the angels of the tenth month, which is called ]". The month of ] would make Sariel's ruler Barfiell, or the month of ] would make the ruler ].{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}
⚫ In the ] ''Sariel'' is dispatched by YHWH to ] to explain to him the meaning of the dream about the ladder.
] lists the dukes Asteliel and Gediel as commanding Sariel by night. The book ''A Dictionary of Angels'' by ] and ''The Complete Book of Devils and Demons'' by Leonard Ashley list Sariel as a ]. The ] represents him as a ] to be called upon in rites using the "Souriel" variation of his name.<ref>{{cite book |last=Betz |first=Hans |title=The Greek Magical Papyri In Translation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K0hCj5u3HNQC |publisher=] |date=1996|isbn=9780226044477 }} Entry: "PGM III. 1-164".</ref>


The ] has a section in its library collection devoted to Traditions of Magic in ], ], ]ian ]. One ] bowl from ]-on-Tigris dated to the 6th or 7th century A.D. lists Sariel twice:
==== Jewish traditional texts ====
In the Kabbalah, the son of Lilith and Asmodai (or Samael)<ref>http://demonology.enacademic.com/487/Sariel</ref> was called Sariel, "Sword of Asmodai (or Samael)" , "His face flames like the fire of flames." It is said that in the middle of the night of Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, Sariel is called forth by the acts and prayers of the sages and elders. He comes, against his will, flying through the air with one hundred and thirty-one warriors, their faces all aflame with fire. The Kabbalists say that the scribe, whose name is Pifiron, brings the secret written and sealed by Sariel, and these secrets are all the secrets of the firmament, and they are revealed to the elders.<ref>http://test.thelemistas.org/Apps/get777ColumnNotes/col_8,10</ref> (Koltuv, 35-6)
In the ] he is said to have taught ] hygiene.{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}} The name Juriel is described as ] which is why Sariel might be considered a possible name for ].


⚫ :"I wrote all of the curses upon a new bowl of clay and I sent back the curses of those who cursed Negray daughter of Denday to their masters until they release and bless in the name of Sariel the angel and Barakiel the angel and in the name of Sariel and Barakiel you release from the curses of those who curse Negray daughter of Denday as a man is freed from the house of bondage and from the house of weapons ] amen ]."<ref>{{cite web|title=PROTECTIVE MAGIC Babylonian Demon Bowls|url=https://www.lib.umich.edu/files/exhibits/pap-/magic/catalog.html|publisher=University of Michigan|access-date=26 December 2017}}</ref>
] writings call him "Suriel the Trumpeter" and "Suriel, the Angel of Death".{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}}


== In media ==
⚫ The book of ] by ], has a number of translation which lists ''Saryell'' as being "the names of the angells of the .8. monthe that is sayde marquesnan" and ''Saryel'' as "the names of the angells of the .10. monthe (]) that is sayde thebeth be these". In a different translation ''Sariell'' is "The names of the angels of the eighth month, which is called marquesnan heshvan" and ''Sariel'' as "The names of the angels of the tenth month, which is called Tevet". The month of ] would make Sariels ruler ], or the month of ] would make the ruler ].<ref name=AandD/>


⚫ === Video games ===
In ] it lists the dukes ] and ] as commanding Sariel by night. The book ] by Gustav Davidson and ] by Leonard Ashley list Sariel as a ].
In the ] series '']'', the first game, ''Highly Responsive to ]s'', portrays Sariel as the final boss of the ''{{Lang|ja|Makai}}'' ({{Lang|ja|魔界}}) route.


== Speculation == ==See also==
* ]

=== As an archangel of death ===
]-] texts say Sariel is the angel of death attributed to the fifth angel of the Book of Revelation ], which would be the angel of the Church of Sardis. (Revelation 3:1) Some Enoch translations for Sariel use Arazyal/Araziel/Asaradel which in its Anglo translation sounds and looks very similar to ]. If Azrael is the same as Sariel he is one of the four Islamic angels in conjunction with ], ], and ]. The name ] is listed in Muslim theology as the angel of death "forever writing in a large book and forever erasing what he writes: what he writes is the birth of man, what he erases is the name of the man at death".<ref>http://perdurabo10.tripod.com/angelsampdemons/id16.html</ref> We also see parallels in ] lore for ''Sammael'', ] for ''Suriel'', and Azrael in the Arabic.{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}}

=== As the archangel Saraqael ===
Sariel is identified as being an angel similar to Saraqael, said in the ] to be the fifth archangel, set over spirits who sin in the spirit, concerned with the fate of angels that violate divine law.<ref>]</ref> Before the identification of Sariel/Saraqael as the fifth archangel, however, the ] identifies Sariel as one of the fallen host's "chiefs of tens."<ref name="ReferenceA"/>


== References == == References ==
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== External links == == External links ==
* , ] 19504 * {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422200125/http://www.lib.umich.edu/files/exhibits/pap/magic/def2.display.html |date=2016-04-22 }}, ] 19504

{{Coptic saints}}
{{Angels in Abrahamic Religions}}
{{authority control}}


] ]
]
⚫ ]
]
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] ]
⚫ ]

Latest revision as of 18:04, 17 January 2025

Archangel of Judaic tradition
Suriel
Venerated inJudaism, Coptic Orthodox Church

Sariel (Hebrew and Aramaic: שָׂרִיאֵל Śārīʾēl, "God is my Ruler"; Greek: Σαριηλ Sariēl, Coptic: ⲥⲟⲩⲣⲓⲏⲗ Souriēl; Amharic: ሰራቁያል Säraquyael, ሰረቃኤል Säräqael) is an angel mainly from Judaic tradition. Other possible versions of his name are Suriel, Suriyel (in some Dead Sea Scrolls translations), Seriel, Sauriel, Saraqael, Sarakiel, Suruel, Surufel, and Souriel.

In 1 Enoch (20:6), he is said to be "one of the holy angels , who is set over the spirits, who sin in the spirit". Origen identified Suriel as one of seven angels who are considered primordial powers by the Ophites. In Gnosticism, Sariel is invoked for his protective powers. He is commemorated by the Coptic Orthodox Church on 27 Tobi in the Coptic calendar.

He is not to be confused with the fallen watcher Sahariel (Hebrew & Aramaic: שַׂהֲרִיאֵל Śahărīʾēl; "God is my moon") who bears a similar name. In 1 Enoch (8:1) he is said to have taught humans the course of the moon.

In traditional texts

The fallen watcher Sariel, according to the Book of Enoch, was one of the leaders of angels who lusted after the daughters of men. They descended to the summit of Mount Hermon, in the days of Jared, to acquire wives and lead men astray. Sariel specifically taught men about the course of the moon. Knibbs' translation of the names of the Book of Enoch says it was Sariel who taught humans the "course of the moon" (the Lunar calendar).

In this same book, the archangel Sariel is one of the holy angels, who is set over the spirits that sin in the spirit, and is one of the angels who look upon the bloodshed on Earth, along with Gabriel, Michael, Raphael and Uriel.

In the book of 2 Enoch he is listed, with the name of Samuil or Sariel, as one of the angels that brought Enoch to heaven.

The book of War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness, from the Dead Sea Scrolls, lists the name of Sariel (שריאל, "God is my Ruler") along with Michael, Raphael, and Gabriel as names to write upon the shields of soldiers in a tower during maneuvers (1QM 9,15). It is used on the shields of the third Tower (1QM 9,16).

The angel Suriyel is briefly mentioned in the Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan as bearing Adam and Eve from the top of a high mountain to the Cave of Treasures.

"… bring what he had brought, and give it to Adam. And they did so, one by one. 6 And God commanded Suriyel and Salathiel to bear up Adam and Eve, and bring them down from the top of the high mountain, and …" - Bible. O. T. Apocryphal books. English First Book of Adam and Eve.

In the Ladder of Jacob Sariel is dispatched by the Lord to Jacob to explain to him the meaning of the dream about the ladder.

The book of Liber Juratus by Honorius of Thebes has a number of translations which lists Sariell as one of "The names of the angels of the eighth month, which is called marquesnan heshvan", and Sariel as one of "The names of the angels of the tenth month, which is called Tevet". The month of Heshvan marquesnan would make Sariel's ruler Barfiell, or the month of Tevet would make the ruler Anael. The Lesser Key of Solomon lists the dukes Asteliel and Gediel as commanding Sariel by night. The book A Dictionary of Angels by Gustav Davidson and The Complete Book of Devils and Demons by Leonard Ashley list Sariel as a fallen angel. The Greek Magical Papyri represents him as a deity to be called upon in rites using the "Souriel" variation of his name.

The University of Michigan has a section in its library collection devoted to Traditions of Magic in Late Antiquity, Protective Magic, Babylonian Demon Bowls. One clay bowl from Seleucia-on-Tigris dated to the 6th or 7th century A.D. lists Sariel twice:

"I wrote all of the curses upon a new bowl of clay and I sent back the curses of those who cursed Negray daughter of Denday to their masters until they release and bless in the name of Sariel the angel and Barakiel the angel and in the name of Sariel and Barakiel you release from the curses of those who curse Negray daughter of Denday as a man is freed from the house of bondage and from the house of weapons amen amen selah."

In media

Video games

In the bullet hell series Touhou Project, the first game, Highly Responsive to Prayers, portrays Sariel as the final boss of the Makai (魔界) route.

See also

References

  1. Meinardus, Otto F. A. (3 July 2015). "The Heavenly Host in the Coptic Tradition". becomeorthodox.org. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  2. "Strong's Hebrew Concordance - 8268. sar".
  3. "Strong's Hebrew Concordance - 7786. sur".
  4. "رؤساء الملائكة الآخرين - كتاب الملائكة | St-Takla.org". st-takla.org. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
  5. "الذكصولوجيات الواطس – ذكصولوجية السمائين | شاشف إن أرشى أنجيلوس | سبعة رؤساء الملائكة | St-Takla.org". st-takla.org. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
  6. "The Book of Enoch, Chapter XX". Sacred-Texts.
  7. "Origen, Contra Celsum, Book VI Chapter 30".
  8. "Strong's Hebrew Concordance - 7720. saharon".
  9. "The Book of Enoch, Chapter VIII". Sacred-Texts.
  10. Enoch 6
  11. Enoch 8
  12. "2 Enoch [Longer recension, ms. J] (tr. F. Andersen), Chapter 33".
  13. War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness (War Rule), 1QM, Column 9, Lines 15-16
  14. Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan 31:6
  15. Betz, Hans (1996). The Greek Magical Papyri In Translation. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226044477. Entry: "PGM III. 1-164".
  16. "PROTECTIVE MAGIC Babylonian Demon Bowls". University of Michigan. Retrieved 26 December 2017.

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