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{{short description|Regional language of France}} |
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{{About|the Romance dialect spoken in the Lorraine region of France|the Germanic dialect spoken in northern Lorraine|Lorraine Franconian}} |
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{{About|the Romance dialect spoken in the Lorraine region of France|the Germanic dialect spoken in northern Lorraine|Lorraine Franconian}} |
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{{Infobox language |
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{{Infobox language |
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|name=Lorrain |
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|name=Lorrain |
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|nativename=''Gaumais'' |
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|nativename=''gaumais'' |
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|region=North eastern ], ] |
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|region=Northeastern ], ] |
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|speakers=? |
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|speakers=? |
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|familycolor=Indo-European |
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|familycolor=Indo-European |
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|fam2=] |
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| fam2 = ] |
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|fam3=] |
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| fam3 = ] |
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|fam4=] |
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| fam4 = ] |
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|fam5=] |
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| fam5 = ] |
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| fam6 = ] |
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|fam6=] |
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| fam7 = ] |
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|dia1=] |
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| fam8 = Gallo-Rhaetian<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/oila1234 |title=Oil |date=2022-05-24 |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=] |last1=Hammarström |first1=Harald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008064016/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/oila1234 |archive-date=2022-10-08 |url-status=live |publisher=] |last2=Forkel |first2=Robert |last3=Haspelmath |first3=Martin |last4=Bank |first4=Sebastian}}</ref> (possibly) |
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|isoexception=dialect |
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| fam9 = ] |
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|glotto=lorr1242 |
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| ancestor = ] |
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|glottorefname=Lorraine |
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| ancestor2 = ] |
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|map=Langues d'oïl.PNG |
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| ancestor3 = ] |
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|mapcaption=Lorrain, at the east among other ] |
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| ancestor4 = ] |
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| ancestor5 = ] |
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| dia1 = Gaumais<ref name=Gaumais>{{Cite web |url=https://www.meix-devant-virton.be/ma-commune/decouvrir/culture-traditions/patois-gaumais |title=Le gaumais |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=Commune de ] en Gaume |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320011637/www.meix-devant-virton.be/ma-commune/decouvrir/culture-traditions/patois-gaumais |archive-date=2022-03-20 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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| dia2 = ] |
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| isoexception = dialect |
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| glotto = lorr1242 |
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| glottorefname = Lorraine |
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| map = Langues d'oïl.PNG |
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| mapcaption = Lorrain, at the east among other ] |
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}} |
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{{Lorraine sidebar}} |
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'''Lorrain''', also known as '''Lorrain roman''', is a '']'' spoken by a minority of people in the region of ] in northeastern ], as well as in some parts of ] and ] in Belgium. While often referred to as a "]," this term is considered ] and outdated by linguists.{{cn|date=December 2024}} |
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'''Lorrain''' is a dialect (often referred to as ]) spoken by a minority of people in ] in ], small parts of ] and in ] in Belgium. It is one of the ]. It is classified as a ], and has the recognised status of a regional language of ] (where it is known as '''Gaumais'''), although in both cases this does not mean much at all in practice. It has been influenced by ] and ], Germanic languages spoken in nearby or overlapping areas. |
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It is a ]. In ], it is known as '''Gaumais'''<ref name=Gaumais /> and enjoys official recognition as a regional language. It has been influenced by ] and ], ] languages spoken in nearby or overlapping areas.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} |
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== Features == |
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Linguist Stephanie Russo noted the difference of a 'second' ] and ] tense between Lorrain and Standard French.<ref>{{Cite thesis |title=The imparfait lorrain in the context of grammaticalization |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/54112 |date=May 2017 |degree=Thesis |language=en |first=Stephanie C. |last=Russo}}</ref> It is derived from Latin grammar that is no longer used in modern French. |
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== Variations == |
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The ] distinguishes seven variants : |
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* Argonnais (], ], eastern French ], ], ]) |
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* Longovician (], ], northern Meurthe-et-Moselle) |
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* Gaumais (], ] and ] in Meuse and the ] in Ardennes) |
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* Messin (], ] and all of French-speaking ]) |
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* Nancéien (], southern Meurthe-et-Moselle) |
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* Spinalian (], central ]) |
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* Deodatian (], Hautes-Vosges) |
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After 1870, members of the ] in Nancy noted 132 variants of Lorrain from Thionville in the north to Rupt-sur-Moselle in the south, which means that main variants have sub-variants. |
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==See also== |
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==See also== |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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==External links== |
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==External links== |
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* http://www.travelphrases.info/languages/lorrain.htm |
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* http://www.travelphrases.info/languages/lorrain.htm |
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* {{fr icon}} , Jeremias Jacob Oberlin, 1775 |
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* {{in lang|fr}} , Jeremias Jacob Oberlin, 1775 |
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* {{fr icon}} |
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== References == |
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{{Languages of Belgium}} |
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{{Reflist}}{{Languages of Belgium}} |
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{{Languages of the Benelux}} |
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{{Languages of the Benelux}} |
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{{Gallo-Romance languages and dialects}} |
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{{Romance languages}} |
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{{Romance languages}} |
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{{Lorraine topics}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Lorrain Language}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Lorrain Language}} |
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{{Ie-lang-stub}} |
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{{Romance-lang-stub}} |
Lorrain, at the east among other oïl languages
Flag of Lorraine since the 13th century
Lorraine topics
