| Revision as of 01:51, 14 September 2006 editJossi (talk | contribs)72,880 edits rm material not based on reliable sources, and all primary sources← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 03:56, 27 June 2009 edit undoClueBot (talk | contribs)1,596,818 editsm Reverting possible vandalism by 67.188.118.150 to version by TheSuave. False positive? Report it. Thanks, ClueBot. (729435) (Bot) | ||
| (281 intermediate revisions by 42 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| #redirect ] | |||
| '''Prem Rawat''' (also called Maharaji and formerly known as Guru Maharaj Ji attracted ] and criticism since he started delivering his teachings in the ]. | |||
| The sources of criticism come from articles by several scholars in the 1970s and early 1980s, individuals related to the ] of the 1970s, media articles from the 1970s and 1980s, and former members. | |||
| ==Criticism and observations in several scholarly articles== | |||
| Jan van der Lans, a professor in ] at the ], wrote in a book about followers of gurus commissioned by the KSGV, a Netherlands based Catholic Study Center for Mental Health<ref></ref>, published in ], that Maharaji is an example of a guru who has become a charlatan leading a double life: on the one hand, he tried to remain loyal to the role in which he was forced and to the expectations of his students, on the other hand, his private life was one of idleness and pleasure, which was only known to small circle of insiders. According to van der Lans, one could consider him either a fraud or a victim of his surroundings. Van der Lans treated several gurus but was only critical about Rawat, but does not provided citations for his very critical assessment.<ref>Lans, Jan van der (Dutch language) page 117, written upon request for the published by Ambo, Baarn, ] ISBN 90-263-0521-4</ref> | |||
| The Dutch religious scholar and Christian minister ] wrote in a 1982 article that "''in Maharaj ji's satsangs one can notice a speaking style that resembles very much some Christian evangelization campaigns: a pressing request, an emphasis on the last possibility to choose before it is too late and a terminology in which one is requested to surrender to the Lord, in this case Maharaj ji himself. The contents of the message is not Christian, though.''". He also described his impression that the person of Maharaj ji became more central in the course of years and his assertions about himself and his vocation went further as he became more aware of the extent of his divinity. Kranenborg asserted that Jos Lammers, whom he labelled "ex-premie", made similar comments as van der Lans about Maharaji's lifestyle in his interview with the Dutch magazine ]. He further wrote that when Christians get into dialogue with premies that the life style of the guru is of great importance. He argued that a ], who drives in expensive cars, who owns a big yacht may not be a problem for premies, but it is a problem for Christians and that they should ask premies why Maharaj ji does not live what he considers to be a normal and simple life.<ref>] (1982) ''Oosterse Geloofsbewegingen in het Westen/Eastern faith movements in the West'' (Dutch language) ISBN 90-210-4965-1</ref> Such criticism, however, does overlook the opulent lifestyles led by many prominent Christian evangelists and politicians. | |||
| An article written by Winn Haan that was published in the official magazine about religious movements of the ] of Amsterdam in ], a university that upholds the tradition of Christian standards and values, forwards several critical statements. Haan, a member of a critical movement within the ] wrote this article while he was a student of theology at a Pastoral and Theology school in a small town in the Netherlands. In that article, based on his claims of involvement with the DLM during two years in the Netherlands, he asserts that Rawat's battle against the mind sometimes degenerated in complete irrationality, that sometimes ]s branded every criticism and objective approach as "mind", and that they often avoided discussions with outsiders because these discussions could possibly stimulate the mind.<ref>Haan, Wim (Dutch language) ''De missie van het Goddelijk licht van goeroe Maharaj Ji: een subjektieve duiding'' from the series ''Religieuze bewegingen in Nederland: Feiten en Visies'' nr. 3, autumn 1981. ISBN 90-242-2341-5 (Based mainly on the Dutch branch of the Divine Light Mission.) ''Note: Haan was part of a critical movement within the Catholic church''</ref> Haan never learned the techniques of Knowledge about which to base these strongly critical opinions. | |||
| The sociologist ] wrote together with Daniel A. Foss in 1978 that the DLM "emphasized formal structure without substantive content." The religious scholar Dr. ], who is a student of Prem Rawat, accused them in response of bias, pointing to the number of students that were attracted to the DLM. | |||
| The sociologist Dr. ] wrote in a 1982 Ph.D. thesis about new religious movements and mental health that the message of the ] could be summarized on the person of Guru Maharaj Ji, in which divine love and truth are manifested, and that by completely surrendering oneself to the guru or perfect master (the revealer of that truth and love), one can be a part of it. He further wrote that Prem Rawat was at that moment one of the purest examples of ]. He characterized Rawat as materialistic, spoilt, and intellectually unremarkable and asserted that Rawat stimulated an uncritical attitude of the students' view of the guru and their projections on him.<ref>Schnabel, Paul Dr. (Dutch language) ''Between stigma and charisma: new religious movements and mental health'' ], Faculty of Medicine, Ph.D. thesis, ISBN 90-6001-746-3 (Deventer, Van Loghum Slaterus, 1982), Chapter II, page 33, Chapter IV page 99, page 101-102, Chapter V, page 142</ref> | |||
| The psychiatrist Saul V. Levine, who published several articles about cults and new religious movements, wrote in an undated article titled ''Life in Cults'' published in a 1989 book that he believed that public perception saw the ] the ], ], ] as cults held in low esteem and that families' perception ''"that their children are being financially exploited"'' is seen as one of the most pernicious and malevolent aspects of these group, while ''"the leaders live in ostentation and offensive opulence."'' He also writes that ''" in the Divine Light Mission, members are expected to turn over all material possessions and earnings to the religion and to abstain from alcohol, tobacco meat, and sex"'' His analysis was based on practices, such as the monastic life in ashrams, that were abandoned in the 1980s when Prem Rawat threw off anachronistic Hindu religious and cultural trappings previously associated with his message.<ref>Levine, Saul V. ''Life in the Cults'', article that appeared in the book edited by Marc Galanter ], (1989), ''Cults and new religious movements: a report of the committee on psychiatry and religion of the ]'', ISBN 0-89042-212-5</ref> | |||
| Other scholars and authors that have written about this subject but who do not level criticism against Prem Rawat include: ]<ref>Kopkind, Andrew. ''The Thirty Years' Wars'' pp.233-4. Verso, ISBN 1-85984-096-5</ref>, Charles H. Lippy <ref>Lippy, Charles H.''Pluralism Comes of Age: American Religious Culture in the Twentieth Century'' p.114, M. E. Sharpe (2002), ISBN 0-7656-0151-6</ref>, John Bassett McCleary,<ref>McCleary Bassett, John. ''The Hippie Dictionary: A Cultural Encyclopedia of the 1960s and 1970s''. p.140, Ten Speed Press(2004), ISBN 1-58008-547-4</ref>, Ruth Prince and David Riches<ref> Prince Ruth & Riches Davies, ''The New Age in Glastonbury: The Construction of Religious Movements'', pp.99-100, Berghahn Books (2001), ISBN 1-57181-792-1</ref>, ]<ref> Wilson, Bryan, ''New Religious Movements: Challenge and Response''. pp.268-9, Routledge (UK), ISBN 0-415-20049-0</ref>, Dennis Marcellino, Erwin Fahlbusch<ref>Fahlbusch E. (Ed.) ''The Encyclopedia of Christianity'' (1998). p.861, ISBN 90-04-11316-9</ref>, Tim Miller, Raymond Lee, Rosemary Goring<ref>Goring, Rosemary. ''Dictionary of Beliefs & Religions''. p.145, Wordsworth Editions (1997), ISBN 1-85326-354-0</ref>, ], David V. Barrett, Lucy DuPertuis ], ], Eugene M. Elliot III<ref>] and Elliot III, Eugene M. '' "Divine Light Mission/Elan Vital" in ] and Bauman, Martin (Eds.) "Religions of the world: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of beliefs and practices" ABC-CLIO (2002), ISBN 1-57607-223-1 </ref>, Sandra S. Frankiel<ref> Frankiel, Sandra S. in Lippy, Charles H. and Williams. Peter W. (Eds.) ''Encyclopedia of the American Religious Experience'' p.1521, harles Scribner's Sons (1988), ISBN 0-684-18863-5 (Vol III)</ref>, and ]. Barret, Dupertuis, Melton and Lewis mention criticism by the media, Rawat's mother, Bob Mishler, and anticultists respectively. ] makes self-admitted subjective criticism (lacking substance) based on his personal experience with Prem Rawat and treats the criticism by the ] left on him in the ]. | |||
| ==Criticism in the media== | |||
| After Prem Rawat's first arrival in the ] and ] in ] at the age of thirteen and through the ] he, his students and his organizations attracted media scrutiny and attention. Examples of articles appearing in the mainstream press in that decade include a ] article in ] and a ] article in the ].<ref>Rolling Stone Magazine. ''The Seventies: A Tumultous Decade Reconsidered.'' Rolling Stones Press, 1998. p. 102, ISBN 0-316-75914-7</ref><ref>du Plessix Gray, Francine. ''Blissing out in Houston.'' The New York Review of Books. vol.20, no. 20 (December 13, 1973) </ref> During the ]s and until the late ], there was very little media coverage of Prem Rawat and related organizations. | |||
| ==Criticism by protagonists of the anticult movement== | |||
| In the early ] the late ], a controversial ], included the DLM (since then disbanded and replaced by the non-religious, educational nonprofit, ]) in her list of ]s. Criticism by the anti-cult movement has diminished over the course of time but has not disappeared. The ] activist ] and controversial anti-cult activists and former ] ] and ] list links about Elan Vital on their websites.<ref>, and pages and links on Elan Vital (Retrieved Sept 2005)</ref> | |||
| ==Criticism by former members == | |||
| Gordon Melton describes that in the mid-1970s several ex-members became vocal critics<ref>Melton, J. Gordon. ''Encyclopedia Handbook of Cults in America'' p.143, Garland Publishing (1986) ISBN 0-8240-9036-5<br>"several deprogrammed ex-members became vocal critics of the mission"</ref>. Another scholar, James Lewis, wrote that a number of ex-members became critics of the movement, attacking it with charges of brainwashing and mind control<ref>Lewis, James, ''The Encyclopedia of Cults, Sects, and New Religions'', p.210, Prometheus Books, ISBN 1-57392-888-7<br />"a number of ex-members became critics of the movement, attacking it with charges of brainwashing and mind control"</ref>. | |||
| Some of the criticism leveled at Prem Rawat derives from key personnel who, after they parted ways with Prem Rawat in the 1970s and 1980s, began making allegations against him about purported anxiety. These key personnel included Robert Mishler (who died in the late 1970s) ex-president of the Divine Light Mission. He said in a Denver radio interview in February 1979 (a few years after leaving the mission) that Prem Rawat "had tremendous problems of anxiety which he combatted with alcohol."<ref>Brown, Chip, ''Parents Versus Cult: Frustration, Kidnaping, Tears; Who Became Kidnapers to Rescue Daughter From Her Guru'', The Washington Post,February 15, 1982<br>"Suddenly there were new reports from people who'd actually managed the Divine Light Mission--Robert Mishler, the man who organized the business side of the mission and served for 5 1/2 years as its president, and Robert Hand Jr., who served as a vice president for two years. In the aftermath of Jonestown, Mishler and Hand felt compelled to warn of similarities between Guru Maharaj Ji and Jim Jones. They claimed the potential for another Jonestown existed in the Divine Light Mission because the most fanatic followers of Maharaj Ji would not question even the craziest commands. As Jim Jones convincingly demonstrated, the health of a cult group can depend on the stability of the leader.<br>Mishler and Hand revealed aspects of life inside the mission that frightened the Deitzes. In addition to his ulcer, the Perfect Master who held the secret to peace and spiritual happiness 'had tremendous problems of anxiety which he combatted with alcohol,' Mishler said in a Denver radio interview in February 1979."</ref> According to Melton in a 1986 article, Mishler's complaints that the ideals of the group had become impossible to fulfill and that money was increasingly diverted to Maharaji's personal use found little support and did not affect the progress of the Mission.<ref>Ibid. ''Encyclopedic Handbook'' pp.144-5 "However as the group withdrew from the public eye, little controversy followed it except the accusations of Robert Mishner , the former president of the Mission who left in 1977. Mishner complained that the ideals of the group had become impossible to fulfill and that money was increasingly diverted to Maharaj Ji's personal use. Mishner's charges found little support and have not affected the progress of the Mission."</ref> | |||
| Elan Vital, in an ] article about opposition to Prem Rawat and his message, claims that there is a handful of former students that actively engage in opposing Prem Rawat, his students, and their organization. They list a series of complaints against this group related to their activities and motivations.<ref></ref> | |||
| == References and footnotes == | |||
| <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> | |||
| <references /> | |||
| </div> | |||
| {{Prem Rawat}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 03:56, 27 June 2009
Redirect to: