Revision as of 19:17, 6 January 2017 edit2001:569:73f9:fd00:8942:846f:1538:615c (talk)No edit summary← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 19:08, 16 December 2024 edit undoRetimuko (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users7,302 edits restoring reliable sourcesTag: Undo | ||
(522 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{short description|Canadian economist and author}} | |||
{{ |
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2019}} | ||
{{Infobox economist | {{Infobox economist | ||
| name = Michel Chossudovsky | | name = Michel Chossudovsky | ||
Line 5: | Line 6: | ||
| native_name_lang = | | native_name_lang = | ||
| school_tradition = | | school_tradition = | ||
| image = | | image = Michel Chossudovsky En direct d'Alep.jpg | ||
| image_size = | | image_size = | ||
| caption = | | caption = Chossudovsky speaks in Montreal in 2017 | ||
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1946}} | | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1946}} | ||
| birth_place = | | birth_place = | ||
Line 15: | Line 16: | ||
| resting_place_coordinates = | | resting_place_coordinates = | ||
| nationality = Canadian | | nationality = Canadian | ||
| institution = ]<br |
| institution = Professor Emeritus, ]<br />Centre for Research on Globalization | ||
| field = Economic development<br>Globalization<br>International financial institutions |
| field = Economic development<br />Globalization<br />International financial institutions<br />World economy | ||
| alma_mater = | | alma_mater = | ||
| influences = | | influences = | ||
| influenced = | | influenced = | ||
| contributions = | |||
| contributions = ''The Globalization of Poverty and The New World Order'' (2003) <br> ''America's "]"'' (2005) <br> ''Towards a World War III Scenario: The Dangers of Nuclear War'' (2011) | |||
| awards = | | awards = | ||
| memorials = | | memorials = | ||
| spouse = | | spouse = | ||
| signature = <!--(filename only)--> | | signature = <!--(filename only)--> | ||
| url = |
| url = | ||
| module = | | module = | ||
| repec_prefix = | | repec_prefix = | ||
| repec_id = | | repec_id = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Michel Chossudovsky''' (born 1946) is a Canadian economist and author. He is professor emeritus of economics at the ]<ref>{{cite web|title=Michel Chossudovsky|url=http://www.socialsciences.uottawa.ca/eco/eng/profdetails.asp?id=49|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206124644/http://www.socialsciences.uottawa.ca/eco/professor-profile?&id=49|archive-date=6 December 2013|website=Department of Economics|publisher=University of Ottawa|access-date=2 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |url= https://socialsciences.uottawa.ca/economics/about-department/professors |title=Faculty of Social Sciences; Department of Economics |publisher=University of Ottawa }}</ref> and the president and director of the Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG), which runs the website globalresearch.ca, founded in 2001, which publishes falsehoods and conspiracy theories.<ref>{{cite news|access-date=10 May 2019|title=How a pair of self-publicists wound up as apologists for Assad|url=https://www.economist.com/united-states/2017/04/15/how-a-pair-of-self-publicists-wound-up-as-apologists-for-assad|newspaper=]|date=15 April 2017|issn=0013-0613|quote=This idea was then picked up by several websites, including the Centre for Research on Globalisation, a hub for conspiracy theories and fake stories.}}</ref><ref name="APslavery">{{cite web|first1=Shawn|last1=Pogatchnik|access-date=10 May 2019|title=AP FACT CHECK: Irish "slavery" a St. Patrick's Day myth|url=https://apnews.com/920e1c738df04555bccd56c09770b36d|date=16 March 2017|work=]|quote=The story quotes at length from the original 2008 post on the Canadian-based Global Research site, which still displays its own article today with a disclaimer conceding it "includes a number of factual errors." It declines to specify the errors.}}</ref><ref name="CBC20201021">{{cite news|last=Daigle|first=Thomas|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/russian-disinformation-global-research-website-1.5767208|title=Canadian professor's website helps Russia spread disinformation, says U.S. State Department|work=CBC News|date=21 October 2020|access-date=23 October 2020}}</ref> Chossudovsky has promoted ].<ref name="Kakutani2015" /><ref name="Vox2015" />{{refn|name=Tam|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tam |first1=Pauline |title=U of O professor accused of hosting anti-Semitic website |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31421593/u_of_o_professor_accused_of_hosting/ |access-date=10 May 2019 |work=] |date=20 August 2005 |page=A1 |via=] |quote=The organization singles out a discussion forum, moderated by Mr. Chossudovsky, that features a subject heading called "Some Articles on the Truth of the Holocaust." The messages have titles such as "Jewish Lies of Omission (about the 'Holocaust')," "Jewish Hate Responsible For Largest Mass Killing at Dachau," and "Did Jews Frame the Arabs for 9/11?"}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Tam |first1=Pauline |title=U of O professor accused of hosting anti-Semitic website |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31421600/u_of_o_professor_accused_of_hosting/ |access-date=10 May 2019 |work=Ottawa Citizen |date=20 August 2005 |page=A8 |via=Newspapers.com |quote=A forthcoming book entitled ''America's "War on Terrorism" In the Wake of 9/11'' is described on globalresearch.ca as an exposé that "blows away the smokescreen, put up by the mainstream media, that 9/11 was an 'intelligence failure.'}}</ref>}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Sherwell|first=Philip |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/al-qaeda/11619270/Osama-bin-Ladens-bookshelf-featured-conspiracy-theories-about-his-terror-plots.html |title=Osama bin Laden's bookshelf featured conspiracy theories about his terror plots|website=]|date=20 May 2015|access-date=10 May 2019|quote=In "America's ‘War on Terrorism’" Michel Chossudovsky is described as "blowing away the smokescreen put up by the mainstream media that the attack was conducted by Islamic terrorists".}}</ref> | |||
In 2017, the Centre for Research on Globalization was accused by ] specialists at ]’s Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence (STRATCOM) of playing a key role in the spread of pro-]n ].<ref name="Globe"/> A report by the ] in August 2020 accused the website of being a proxy for a ] campaign.<ref name="NYT20200820" /> | |||
'''Michel Chossudovsky''' (born 1946) is a Canadian economist and author. He is a professor of economics at the ]<ref>{{cite web|title=Michel Chossudovsky|url=http://www.socialsciences.uottawa.ca/eco/eng/profdetails.asp?id=49|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206124644/http://www.socialsciences.uottawa.ca/eco/professor-profile?&id=49|archivedate=2013-12-06|website=Department of Economics|publisher=University of Ottawa|accessdate=2 September 2014}}</ref> and (since 2001) the president and director of the Centre for Research on Globalization. He has acted as an economic adviser to governments of developing countries and has worked as a consultant for international organizations including the ] and the ].<ref name=UNAN/> Chossudovsky and his work, especially with the Centre for Research on Globalization, are widely viewed as the stuff of fringe conspiracy theories by the academic mainstream in Canada.<ref>https://books.google.ca/books?id=qMIDrggs8TsC&lpg=PA650&dq=Michel%20Chossudovsky%20is%20a%20conspiracy%20theorist&pg=PA650#v=onepage&q=Michel%20Chossudovsky%20is%20a%20conspiracy%20theorist&f=false</ref> | |||
== Biography == | == Biography == | ||
Chossudovsky is the son of a ] émigré, the career ] diplomat and academic Evgeny Chossudovsky, and an Irish Protestant, Rachel Sullivan. Raised in Switzerland, Chossudovsky moved to Canada and joined the ] in 1968.<ref name="Tam" /> According to the ''],'' Chossudovsky's academic research kept him "on the margins of mainstream academia," but won praise from anti-establishment intellectuals such as ]. In 2005, shortly after Chossudovsky began writing about terrorism, the ''Citizen'' reported that Chossudovsky's was "a popular figure among anti-globalization activists," and that some of his students referred to him as "Canada's Chomsky."<ref name="Tam" /> At that time, some colleagues were becoming uncomfortable with Chossudovsky's ideas, with one professor describing them as having "a conspiratorial element."<ref name="Tam" /> | |||
Chossudovsky is the son of a Russian Jewish émigré, the career United Nations diplomat and academic Evgeny Chossudovsky, and an Irish Protestant, Rachel Sullivan.<ref>{{cite news|title=Evgeny Chossudovsky: Writer with a distinguished UN career|url=http://www.globalresearch.ca/evgeny-chossudovsky-writer-with-a-distinguished-un-career/1955|accessdate=2 September 2014|work=]|date=28 January 2006}}</ref> | |||
In 2005, Chossudovsky published the book ''America's "War on Terrorism"''. According to '']'', the "conspiracy-minded book... argued that the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks were simply a pretext for American incursions into the Middle East, and that Bin Laden was nothing but a boogeyman created by the United States".<ref name="Kakutani2015">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/22/world/asia/bin-ladens-bookshelf-reflects-his-fixation-on-west.html|title=Osama Bin Laden's Bookshelf Reflects His Fixation on West|last=Kakutani|first=Michiko|author-link=Michiko Kakutani|website=]|date=21 May 2015|access-date=30 March 2017|issn=0362-4331|quote=Also in his library was a copy of Michel Chossudovsky's conspiracy-minded book "America's 'War on Terrorism,'" which argued that the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks were simply a pretext for American incursions into the Middle East, and that Bin Laden was nothing but a boogeyman created by the United States.}}</ref> The book was found on a bookshelf in Osama bin Laden's Abbottabad, Pakistan compound.<ref name="Kakutani2015" /><ref>{{cite news|first=Philip|last=Sherwell|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/al-qaeda/11619270/Osama-bin-Ladens-bookshelf-featured-conspiracy-theories-about-his-terror-plots.html|title=Osama bin Laden's bookshelf featured conspiracy theories about his terror plots|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=20 May 2015|access-date=30 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="Vox2015">{{cite web|first=Phil|last=Edwards|url=https://www.vox.com/2015/5/20/8631295/osama-bin-laden-bookshelf-conspiracy-theories|title=The 8 craziest conspiracy theories on Osama bin Laden's bookshelf|website=]|date=20 May 2015|access-date=30 March 2017|quote=The theory: Chossudovsky says 9/11 was a United States government conspiracy to start the Iraq War and enable a "new world order" to help corporate interests.}}</ref> According to the '']'' website, the book's theory is that "9/11 was a United States government conspiracy to start the Iraq War and enable a 'new world order' to help corporate interests. Bin Laden was, at best, a pawn in CIA interests."<ref name="Vox2015" /> | |||
Chossudovsky joined the ] in 1968.<ref name=ONeill>{{cite news|last1=ONeill|first1=Juliet|title=Battling Mainstream Economics|url=http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/ONE311A.html|accessdate=2 September 2014|work=]|date=5 January 1998}}</ref> He was a visiting professor at the ] during the 1970–1973 government of ]. It was the effects of General ]'s post-coup policies which sparked his interest in what he termed "economic repression".<ref name=ONeill /> Among other measures, ]'s government quadrupled the price of bread, and Chossudovsky set out to examine the social effects, concluding that the government was engaging in more than just conventional political repression. He subsequently examined similar economic policies in a wide range of countries, often those associated with ] and/or ] programs. One of Chossudovsky's policy conclusions was that ]s, in a world of increasingly mobile capital, had facilitated the "criminalization" of the global economy through movements of large amounts of ] and other illegal finance: "This critical drain of billions of dollars in capital flight dramatically reduces state tax revenues, paralyzes social programs, drives up budget deficits and spurs the accumulation of large public debts."<ref name=ONeill /> | |||
Chossudovsky has contributed to the French magazine ''].''<ref>{{cite web|title=Michel Chossudovsky archives|url=http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/recherche?s=chossudovsky#pagination_articles|website=Le Monde diplomatic|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619231651/http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/recherche?s=chossudovsky|archive-date=19 June 2015|access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref> He is frequently quoted by or appears on the Kremlin-backed ] (formerly known as Russia Today) or in material issued by the ].<ref name="Globe" /> The Centre for Research on Globalization regularly reposts content from both outlets. | |||
As well as being an academic, Chossudovsky acted as an economic adviser to governments of developing countries and worked as a consultant for international organizations including the ], the ], the ], and the ].<ref name=UNAN/> | |||
In 1993 Chossudovsky wrote an article in '']'' saying that ]'s ] reforms and privatization policies would lead to disaster.<ref>{{cite news|last=Chossudovsky|first=Michel|title=Russia:Go for an Alternative Economic Program|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/01/opinion/01iht-edch.html|publisher=New York Times|date=1 April 1993}}</ref> He has also contributed to the French magazine '']'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Michel Chossudovsky archives|url=http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/recherche?s=chossudovsky#pagination_articles|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619231651/http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/recherche?s=chossudovsky|archivedate=2015-06-19|website=Le Monde diplomatic|accessdate=23 November 2014}}</ref> and, more recently, to ],<ref name=RT>{{cite web|title=Michel Chossudovsky's Op-Edge profile|url=https://www.rt.com/op-edge/authors/michel-chossudovsky/|website=]|accessdate=2 September 2014}}</ref> as well as regularly being interviewed on Iran's ].<ref>, , </ref> Chossudovsky was interviewed in the documentary film '']'', which the Centre for Research on Globalization amongst others sponsored.<ref>{{cite web|title=Weight of Chains – Sponsors|url=http://www.weightofchains.com/sponsors.html|publisher=Malagurski Cinema|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6BxRjMAll|archivedate=5 November 2012}}</ref> In 2014 he was awarded the ] by the government of ].<ref name=CanadaGazette>{{cite web |url=http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2014/2014-05-31/html/gh-rg-eng.php |title=Awards To Canadians |work=Canada Gazette |date=31 May 2014 |accessdate=15 May 2015}}</ref> | |||
===Centre for Research on Globalization=== | ===Centre for Research on Globalization=== | ||
{{Redirect-distinguish|Globalresearch.ca|Global News|GlobalSecurity.org}} | |||
In 2001, Chossudovsky founded the Centre for Research on Globalization, becoming its editor and director. Located in ], Canada, it describes itself as an "independent research and media organization" that provides "analysis on issues which are barely covered by the mainstream media".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalresearch.ca/about |title=About Global Research |publisher=Centre for Global Research on Globalization |accessdate=28 September 2015}}</ref> It maintains websites in several languages, including English, which are critical of ] and ] as well as the official explanation of the ] in 2001 and the ]. | |||
In 2001, Chossudovsky founded the Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG), becoming its director and the editor of its online resource, Global Research. Located in ], Quebec, Canada, the CRG describes itself as an "independent research and media organization" providing "analysis on issues which are barely covered by the mainstream media". | |||
The Centre for Research on Globalization promotes ] and falsehoods.{{refn|<ref name="APslavery" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.my/syriahoax-conspiracy-alex-jones-infowars-syria-trump-hoax-2017-4/#u1dSFxVmiMkEh2HM.97|title=From Al-Masdar to InfoWars: How a pro-Assad conspiracy theory got picked up by the far-right – Business Insider|date=9 April 2017|work=Business Insider|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=29 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629064003/http://www.businessinsider.my/syriahoax-conspiracy-alex-jones-infowars-syria-trump-hoax-2017-4/#u1dSFxVmiMkEh2HM.97|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Snowden">{{cite web|first=Derek|last=Tsang |url=http://www.politifact.com/punditfact/statements/2014/aug/19/blog-posting/edward-snowden-leaked-nsa-documents-show-us-israel/|title=Bloggers: Edward Snowden leaked NSA documents show U.S., Israel created Islamic State|publisher=]|date=19 August 2014|access-date=21 March 2017|quote=The only lucid defense of the idea that Western intelligence agencies created the Islamic State intentionally comes from the Center for Research on Globalization (CRG), a Canadian website that bills itself as an alternative news source, but has advanced specious conspiracy theories on topics like 9/11, vaccines and global warming.}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name="Kata2010" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />}} According to Peter Knight, it "published influential early articles alleging that the U.S. intelligence agencies had far more forewarning than they claimed" of the ].<ref name="Knight">{{cite journal |last1=Knight |first1=Peter |title=Outrageous Conspiracy Theories: Popular and Official Responses to 9/11 in Germany and the United States |journal=New German Critique |year=2008 |volume=35 |issue=103 |pages=165–193 |publisher=Duke University Press |doi=10.1215/0094033X-2007-024 |issn=0094-033X |quote=Michel Chossudovsky (a Canadian who runs the Center for Research on Globalization) likewise published influential early articles alleging that the U.S. intelligence agencies had far more forewarning than they claimed.|jstor=27669225 }}</ref> that the United States and its allies fund ] and the ], and that ] was not used in the ], which globalresearch.ca articles characterized as a false flag operation orchestrated by terrorists opposed to Syrian President ].<ref name="Globe" /><ref name=":0" /> Other articles published on the site have asserted that the ] were perpetrated by the United States, Israel, and United Kingdom.<ref name="Tam" /> Chossudovsky has himself posted articles on the site which suggested that Osama bin Laden was a CIA asset, and accusing the United States, Israel and Britain of plotting to conquer the world.<ref name="Tam" /> The centre has also promoted the ], prompting a letter by more than 80 scholars debunking the myth.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |first=Natasha|last=Varner|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2017-03-17/curious-origins-irish-slaves-myth|title=The curious origins of the 'Irish slaves' myth|publisher=Public Radio International|date=17 March 2017|access-date=30 March 2017}}</ref> | |||
In a January 2012 article, he characterized the ] as "a de facto paramilitary creation of NATO."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chossudovsky|first1=Michel|title=SYRIA: British Special Forces, CIA and MI6 Supporting Armed Insurgency. NATO Intervention Contemplated|url=http://nsnbc.wordpress.com/2012/01/07/syria-british-special-forces-cia-and-mi6-supporting-armed-insurgency-nato-intervention-contemplated/|accessdate=2 September 2014|work=nsnbc blog|date=7 January 2012}}</ref> In the '']'', ] quoted Chossudovsky's characterisation of the ] as a revolt of "Islamists, Salafi as well as Muslim Brotherhood gunmen, death squads supported directly by Turkey and Israel".<ref name="Glavin NP">{{cite web|author=Terry Glavin|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/full-comment/terry-glavin-ottawas-gaddafi-fans-find-their-world-crumbling|title=Ottawa's Gaddafi fans find their world crumbling|work=National Post|date=23 August 2011|accessdate=4 January 2015}}</ref> According to '']'' newspaper, a cache of intercepted emails to and from Syrian president ]'s private account included one from his father-in-law, ], citing Chossudovsky's claims and asking Assad how true they were.<ref>{{cite news|title=Assad emails: 'How true is this story?'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/15/bashar-al-assad-syria7|accessdate=2 September 2014|work=]|date=15 March 2012}}</ref> According to Chossudovsky, the deaths of protesters during the ] were "triggered by ] elements", used "to break the legitimacy of a duly elected government."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Chossudovsky|first1=Michel|title=Ukraine's "Democratic Coup d'Etat": Killing Civilians as a Pretext for Regime Change|url=https://globalfaultlines.wordpress.com/2014/02/26/ukraines-democratic-coup-detat-killing-civilians-as-a-pretext-for-regime-change-prof-michel-chossudovsky/|website=Global Research|accessdate=2 September 2014|date=26 February 2014}}</ref> | |||
According to ], the Centre "has advanced specious conspiracy theories on topics like 9/11, vaccines and global warming."<ref name="Snowden" /> '']'' magazine has commented that the Centre "sells books and videos that 'expose' how the September 11 terrorist attacks were 'most likely a special covert action' to 'further the goals of corporate globalization.'"<ref name=":1">{{cite web|last=Strauss|first=Mark|author-link=Mark Strauss (journalist)|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2009/11/02/anti-globalisms-jewish-problem/|title=Anti-globalism's Jewish Problem|work=Foreign Policy|date=2 November 2009|access-date=30 March 2017}}</ref> A 2010 study categorized the website as a source of ].<ref name="Kata2010">{{cite journal|last=Kata|first=Anna|title=A postmodern Pandora's box: Anti-vaccination misinformation on the Internet|journal=Vaccine|publisher=Elsevier BV|volume=28|issue=7|year=2010|pages=1709–1716|url=http://www.apel-pediatri.org/attachments/030_antivaccinatori%20websitea%20da%20vaccine.pdf|doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.12.022|pmid=20045099|s2cid=7143888|access-date=30 March 2017|archive-date=9 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809080807/http://www.apel-pediatri.org/attachments/030_antivaccinatori%20websitea%20da%20vaccine.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The ]'s Digital Forensic Research Lab described it as "pro-] and anti-]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Nimmo|first=Ben|title=Three thousand fake tanks|url=https://medium.com/@DFRLab/three-thousand-fake-tanks-575410c4f64d#.x564o3oxy|publisher=medium.com|access-date=30 March 2017}}</ref> '']'', citing a complaint from ], describing the website as being "rife with anti-Jewish conspiracy theory and ]."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishtribune.ca/tribune/jt-050825-05.html|title=Conspiracy web site headed by Ottawa professor sets dangerous example for students|work=Jewish Tribune|date=25 August 2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051104201430/http://jewishtribune.ca/tribune/jt-050825-05.html|archive-date=4 November 2005}}</ref> Writing for '']'' in 2013, Muhammad Idrees Ahmad, lecturer in ] at the ], describes the centre's website as a "conspiracy site".<ref name=":2">{{cite magazine|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/114676/syrias-chemical-weapons-assad-not-blame-say-truthers|last=Idrees Ahmad|first=Muhammad|title=The New Truthers: Americans Who Deny Syria Used Chemical Weapons|magazine=The New Republic|publisher=New Republic|date=12 September 2013|access-date=30 March 2017}}</ref> | |||
In 2005, '']'' criticized the Centre for Research on Globalization's website for being "rife with ] conspiracy theory and ]." Chossudovsky responded that he is of Jewish heritage and would be one of the last people to condone antisemitic views.<ref name="JT+Chossudovsky">{{cite web|url=http://www.jewishtribune.ca/tribune/jt-050825-05.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429193700/http://www.jewishtribune.ca/tribune/jt-050825-05.html|archivedate=2011-04-29|title=Conspiracy web site by Ottawa Professor sets dangerous examples for students|date=25 August 2005|work=Jewish Tribune Canada}}</ref> | |||
In November 2017, '']'' reported that the centre's website was "in the sights" of NATO information warfare specialists investigating "the online spread of pro-Russia propaganda and of disinformation." According to the ''Globe'', ]'s Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence (StratCom) believed that the site was playing a "key accelerant role in helping popularize articles with little basis in fact that also happen to fit the narratives being pushed by the Kremlin" and the Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad. The report described the site as an "online refuge for conspiracy theorists" and suggested that NATO specialists viewed it as "a link in a concerted effort to undermine the credibility of mainstream Western media—as well as the North American and European public's trust in government and public institutions."<ref name="Globe">{{cite news|access-date=6 November 2019|date=17 November 2017|first1=Campbell|last1=Clark|first2=Mark|last2=MacKinnon|title=The Credibility Machine; An obscure Canadian website that disseminates conspiracy theories and Kremlin-friendly points of view is an amplifier of global disinformation, according to NATO|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/canadian-website-in-natos-sights-for-spreading-disinformation/article37015521/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117193837/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/canadian-website-in-natos-sights-for-spreading-disinformation/article37015521/ |archive-date=17 November 2017|work=]|quote=Global Research has from the beginning espoused conspiracy theories, including that the United States and its allies continue to support and fund Islamist extremists, including al-Qaeda and IS, and has taken the view that the U.S.-led NATO alliance is fomenting war around the world |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Asked to comment on the report, Chossudovsky responded through his lawyer, saying that the Centre did not have ties to pro-Russia or pro-Assad networks, was not "affiliated with governmental organizations" and did not benefit from their support.<ref name="Globe" /> | |||
==Promotion of conspiracy theories== | |||
Common ] are frequently advanced, and stated as facts by authors including Chossudovsky himself on his website Global Research. A few examples are: The ],<ref name="Goldberg 2001">{{cite book|author=Goldberg, Robert Alan|title=Enemies Within: The Culture of Conspiracy in Modern America|publisher=Yale University Press|date=2001|isbn=0-300-09000-5}}</ref><ref>http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-globalization-of-poverty-deconstructing-the-new-world-order/29554</ref> | |||
], such as the assertion that the attack on the Twin Towers was a ] operation,<ref name=Norman>{{cite web | author=Norman, Joshua | url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/9-11-conspiracy-theories-wont-stop/ | title=9/11 conspiracy theories won't stop | publisher=] |date=September 11, 2011 | deadurl=no | accessdate=May 29, 2014}}</ref><ref>http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-walls-are-crumbling-down-around-the-official-911-story-why/5394984</ref> The ] conspiracy theory, that the installation is a "secret weapon used for weather modification, electromagnetic warfare",<ref>https://www.adn.com/features/article/haarp-conspiracies-guide-most-far-out-theories-behind-government-research-alaska/2011/09/20/</ref><ref>http://www.globalresearch.ca/haarp-secret-weapon-used-for-weather-modification-electromagnetic-warfare/20407</ref> (Also included by Chossudovsky in one of his books.), ],<ref>http://jspp.psychopen.eu/article/view/443/html#d2e319</ref><ref>http://www.globalresearch.ca/global-warming-media-propaganda/5364444</ref> ] conspiracy theories,<ref>Charlie Hebdo: http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2015/01/guide-to-the-charlie-hebdo-conspiracy-theories.html</ref><ref>http://www.globalresearch.ca/state-sponsored-terrorism-who-was-behind-the-charlie-hebdo-paris-attacks/5425322</ref> and the ].<ref>FEMA: https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2010/fear-fema</ref><ref>http://www.globalresearch.ca/preparing-for-civil-unrest-in-america/12793</ref> | |||
An August 2020 report by the ] Global Engagement Center stated that Global Research is, by a significant margin, the most accessed proxy website allied with the pro-Kremlin disinformation campaign. By the estimation of report's authors, it has accumulated 12.4 million page views, with around 351,247 readers for each article. Chossudovsky is a board member of other pro-Russian websites which attempt to spread conspiracy theories.<ref name="NYT20200820">{{cite news|last=Barnes|first=Jullian E.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/05/us/politics/state-department-russian-disinformation.html|title=State Dept. Traces Russian Disinformation Links|work=The New York Times|date=20 August 2020|access-date=15 September 2020}}</ref> Responding via his lawyer, this time to ], Chossudovsky again denied the 2020 accusations made against him.<ref name="CBC20201021" /> | |||
⚫ | ==Awards== | ||
* Honorary Doctorate in Humanities, ], 2016<ref name=UNAN/> | |||
* ], 2014,<ref name=UNAN/><ref name=CanadaGazette/> | |||
* ] awards<ref name=UNAN>], Managua, 18/V/2016. | |||
</ref> | |||
The CRG has been accused of spreading ].<ref>Walden, Max. ]. 13 March 2020.</ref><ref name="BN20200313">{{cite news|last=Broderick|first=Ryan|title=Chinese Diplomats Are Pushing Conspiracy Theories That The Coronavirus Didn't Originate In China |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanhatesthis/chinese-diplomats-are-pushing-conspiracy-theories-that-the |work=BuzzFeed News|date=13 March 2020|access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref> An article on Global Research making the false assertion that the ] was not real was carried by 70 other outlets, according to the August 2020 State department report.<ref name="NYT20200820" /> Chossudovsky himself has described it as being a "manufactured pandemic".<ref name="CBC20201021" /> Earlier in 2020, his list of 10 questions was tweeted by the foreign minister of Iran. They included the claim that the United States government was responsible for the international coronavirus pandemic.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/italy-and-france-step-up-lockdowns-as-cases-start-to-fall-25jn5fwwr|title=Coronavirus: Jordanians face a year in prison for stepping outdoors|work=The Times|location=London|date=25 March 2020|access-date=15 September 2020}} {{subscription required}}</ref> Global Research published an article entitled "COVID-19: Further Evidence that the Virus Originated in the US" was posted on social media by a senior official in the Chinese foreign ministry.<ref name="BN20200313" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Kamm|first=Oliver|url=https://capx.co/the-west-is-fighting-two-threats-the-virus-and-a-fierce-propaganda-war/|title=The West is fighting two threats: the virus and a fierce propaganda war|work=CapX|date=23 April 2020|access-date=15 September 2020}}</ref><ref name="GM20200314" /> Chinese state media have reported such unfounded speculation which has been carried by Chossudovsky's website with, according to ''The Globe and Mail'', misattributed sources.<ref name="GM20200314">{{cite news|last=VanderKlippe|first=Nathan|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-chinese-official-promoting-unfounded-theory-that-coronavirus-has-roots/|title=Chinese official promoting unfounded Canadian theory that coronavirus has roots in U.S. military|work=The Globe and Mail|date=14 March 2020|access-date=15 September 2020}}</ref> Reportedly, the two articles on this theme have since been removed from the globalresearch.ca website.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Pillars-of-Russia%E2%80%99s-Disinformation-and-Propaganda-Ecosystem_08-04-20.pdf|title=GEC Special Report: Pillars of Russia's Disinformation and Propaganda Ecosystem|work=U.S. Department of State|date=4 August 2020|access-date=15 September 2020|page=29}}</ref> | |||
==Bibliography== | |||
*With Fred Caloren and Paul Gingrich, ''Is the Canadian Economy Closing Down?'' (Montreal: Black Rose, 1978) ISBN 0-919618-80-4 | |||
==Works== | |||
*''Towards Capitalist Restoration? Chinese Socialism After Mao'' (New York: St Martin's, 1986 and London: Macmillan, 1986) ISBN 0-333-38441-5 | |||
* {{Citation |title=War and Globalisation: The Truth Behind September 11 |year=2003 |publisher=Global Research |isbn=9780973110906}} | |||
*''The Globalization of Poverty: Impacts of IMF and World Bank Reforms'', (Penang: ], 1997) and (London: Zed, 1997) ISBN 81-85569-34-7 and ISBN 1-85649-402-0 | |||
* {{Citation |title=The Globalization of Poverty and The New World Order |year=2003 |publisher=Global Research |isbn=9780973714708}} | |||
*''Exporting Apartheid to Sub-Saharan Africa'' (New Delhi: Madhyam, 1997) ISBN 81-86816-06-2 | |||
* {{Citation |title=America's "War on Terrorism" |year=2005 |publisher=Global Research |oclc=785862235}} | |||
*'Washington's New World Order Weapons Can Trigger Climate Change', (26 November 2000) | |||
* {{Citation |title=Towards a World War III Scenario: The Dangers of Nuclear War |year=2011 |publisher=Global Research |oclc=940588105}} | |||
*''War and Globalization: The Truth Behind 11 September'' (Global Outlook and the Centre for Research on Globalization, 2002)<ref>Scott Loughrey, '']'', 9 November 2002, </ref> | |||
**in French as: ''Guerres et Mondialisation: A Qui Profite Le 11 Septembre?'' (Serpent a Plume, 2002) ISBN 2-84261-387-2 | |||
⚫ | ==Awards== | ||
*''The Globalization of Poverty and the New World Order'' (Oro, Ontario: Global Outlook, 2003) ISBN 0-9731109-1-0 – . | |||
* ], 2014.<ref name="CanadaGazette">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2014/2014-05-31/html/gh-rg-eng.php|title=Government House: Awards To Canadians|magazine=Canada Gazette|volume=148|date=31 May 2014|access-date=15 May 2015|url-status=unfit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805224350/http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2014/2014-05-31/html/gh-rg-eng.php|archive-date=5 August 2014}}</ref> | |||
*''America's "War on Terrorism"'' (Pincourt, Quebec: Global Research, 2005) ISBN 0-9737147-1-9<ref>Stephen Lendman, '']'', 19 June 2007, </ref> | |||
*(with Andrew Gavin Marshall, eds) ''The Global Economic Crisis: The Great Depression of the XXI Century'' (Global Research Publishers, 2010) | |||
* ''Towards a World War III Scenario: The Dangers of Nuclear War'' (2012)<ref>Sherwood Ross, ], 26 April 2012, </ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ |
{{reflist}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{Commons category|Michel Chossudovsky}} | |||
{{wikiquote}} | |||
{{Wikiquote}} | |||
* at Centre for Research on Globalization | |||
*A list of . French Connection Audio Archive | |||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
Line 87: | Line 78: | ||
] | ] | ||
] | ] | ||
] | |||
] | ] | ||
] | ] | ||
Line 94: | Line 86: | ||
] | ] | ||
] | ] | ||
] | ] | ||
] | ] | ||
] | |||
] | ] | ||
] |
Latest revision as of 19:08, 16 December 2024
Canadian economist and author
Michel Chossudovsky | |
---|---|
Chossudovsky speaks in Montreal in 2017 | |
Born | 1946 (age 78–79) |
Nationality | Canadian |
Academic career | |
Field | Economic development Globalization International financial institutions World economy |
Institution | Professor Emeritus, University of Ottawa Centre for Research on Globalization |
Michel Chossudovsky (born 1946) is a Canadian economist and author. He is professor emeritus of economics at the University of Ottawa and the president and director of the Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG), which runs the website globalresearch.ca, founded in 2001, which publishes falsehoods and conspiracy theories. Chossudovsky has promoted conspiracy theories about 9/11.
In 2017, the Centre for Research on Globalization was accused by information warfare specialists at NATO’s Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence (STRATCOM) of playing a key role in the spread of pro-Russian propaganda. A report by the U.S. State Department in August 2020 accused the website of being a proxy for a Russian disinformation campaign.
Biography
Chossudovsky is the son of a Russian Jewish émigré, the career United Nations diplomat and academic Evgeny Chossudovsky, and an Irish Protestant, Rachel Sullivan. Raised in Switzerland, Chossudovsky moved to Canada and joined the University of Ottawa in 1968. According to the Ottawa Citizen, Chossudovsky's academic research kept him "on the margins of mainstream academia," but won praise from anti-establishment intellectuals such as Noam Chomsky. In 2005, shortly after Chossudovsky began writing about terrorism, the Citizen reported that Chossudovsky's was "a popular figure among anti-globalization activists," and that some of his students referred to him as "Canada's Chomsky." At that time, some colleagues were becoming uncomfortable with Chossudovsky's ideas, with one professor describing them as having "a conspiratorial element."
In 2005, Chossudovsky published the book America's "War on Terrorism". According to The New York Times, the "conspiracy-minded book... argued that the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks were simply a pretext for American incursions into the Middle East, and that Bin Laden was nothing but a boogeyman created by the United States". The book was found on a bookshelf in Osama bin Laden's Abbottabad, Pakistan compound. According to the Vox website, the book's theory is that "9/11 was a United States government conspiracy to start the Iraq War and enable a 'new world order' to help corporate interests. Bin Laden was, at best, a pawn in CIA interests."
Chossudovsky has contributed to the French magazine Le Monde diplomatique. He is frequently quoted by or appears on the Kremlin-backed RT (formerly known as Russia Today) or in material issued by the Sputnik news agency. The Centre for Research on Globalization regularly reposts content from both outlets.
Centre for Research on Globalization
"Globalresearch.ca" redirects here. Not to be confused with Global News or GlobalSecurity.org.In 2001, Chossudovsky founded the Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG), becoming its director and the editor of its online resource, Global Research. Located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the CRG describes itself as an "independent research and media organization" providing "analysis on issues which are barely covered by the mainstream media".
The Centre for Research on Globalization promotes conspiracy theories and falsehoods. According to Peter Knight, it "published influential early articles alleging that the U.S. intelligence agencies had far more forewarning than they claimed" of the September 11 attacks. that the United States and its allies fund al-Qaeda and the Islamic State, and that sarin was not used in the Khan Shaykhun chemical attack, which globalresearch.ca articles characterized as a false flag operation orchestrated by terrorists opposed to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. Other articles published on the site have asserted that the 7 July 2005 London bombings were perpetrated by the United States, Israel, and United Kingdom. Chossudovsky has himself posted articles on the site which suggested that Osama bin Laden was a CIA asset, and accusing the United States, Israel and Britain of plotting to conquer the world. The centre has also promoted the Irish slavery myth, prompting a letter by more than 80 scholars debunking the myth.
According to PolitiFact, the Centre "has advanced specious conspiracy theories on topics like 9/11, vaccines and global warming." Foreign Policy magazine has commented that the Centre "sells books and videos that 'expose' how the September 11 terrorist attacks were 'most likely a special covert action' to 'further the goals of corporate globalization.'" A 2010 study categorized the website as a source of anti-vaccine misinformation. The Atlantic Council's Digital Forensic Research Lab described it as "pro-Putin and anti-NATO". The Jewish Tribune, citing a complaint from B'nai Brith Canada, describing the website as being "rife with anti-Jewish conspiracy theory and Holocaust denial." Writing for The New Republic in 2013, Muhammad Idrees Ahmad, lecturer in digital journalism at the University of Stirling, describes the centre's website as a "conspiracy site".
In November 2017, The Globe and Mail reported that the centre's website was "in the sights" of NATO information warfare specialists investigating "the online spread of pro-Russia propaganda and of disinformation." According to the Globe, NATO's Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence (StratCom) believed that the site was playing a "key accelerant role in helping popularize articles with little basis in fact that also happen to fit the narratives being pushed by the Kremlin" and the Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad. The report described the site as an "online refuge for conspiracy theorists" and suggested that NATO specialists viewed it as "a link in a concerted effort to undermine the credibility of mainstream Western media—as well as the North American and European public's trust in government and public institutions." Asked to comment on the report, Chossudovsky responded through his lawyer, saying that the Centre did not have ties to pro-Russia or pro-Assad networks, was not "affiliated with governmental organizations" and did not benefit from their support.
An August 2020 report by the U.S. State Department Global Engagement Center stated that Global Research is, by a significant margin, the most accessed proxy website allied with the pro-Kremlin disinformation campaign. By the estimation of report's authors, it has accumulated 12.4 million page views, with around 351,247 readers for each article. Chossudovsky is a board member of other pro-Russian websites which attempt to spread conspiracy theories. Responding via his lawyer, this time to CBC News, Chossudovsky again denied the 2020 accusations made against him.
The CRG has been accused of spreading CCP propaganda. An article on Global Research making the false assertion that the coronavirus pandemic was not real was carried by 70 other outlets, according to the August 2020 State department report. Chossudovsky himself has described it as being a "manufactured pandemic". Earlier in 2020, his list of 10 questions was tweeted by the foreign minister of Iran. They included the claim that the United States government was responsible for the international coronavirus pandemic. Global Research published an article entitled "COVID-19: Further Evidence that the Virus Originated in the US" was posted on social media by a senior official in the Chinese foreign ministry. Chinese state media have reported such unfounded speculation which has been carried by Chossudovsky's website with, according to The Globe and Mail, misattributed sources. Reportedly, the two articles on this theme have since been removed from the globalresearch.ca website.
Works
- War and Globalisation: The Truth Behind September 11, Global Research, 2003, ISBN 9780973110906
- The Globalization of Poverty and The New World Order, Global Research, 2003, ISBN 9780973714708
- America's "War on Terrorism", Global Research, 2005, OCLC 785862235
- Towards a World War III Scenario: The Dangers of Nuclear War, Global Research, 2011, OCLC 940588105
Awards
References
- "Michel Chossudovsky". Department of Economics. University of Ottawa. Archived from the original on 6 December 2013. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
- Faculty of Social Sciences; Department of Economics, University of Ottawa
- "How a pair of self-publicists wound up as apologists for Assad". The Economist. 15 April 2017. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
This idea was then picked up by several websites, including the Centre for Research on Globalisation, a hub for conspiracy theories and fake stories.
- ^ Pogatchnik, Shawn (16 March 2017). "AP FACT CHECK: Irish "slavery" a St. Patrick's Day myth". Associated Press. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
The story quotes at length from the original 2008 post on the Canadian-based Global Research site, which still displays its own article today with a disclaimer conceding it "includes a number of factual errors." It declines to specify the errors.
- ^ Daigle, Thomas (21 October 2020). "Canadian professor's website helps Russia spread disinformation, says U.S. State Department". CBC News. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
- ^ Kakutani, Michiko (21 May 2015). "Osama Bin Laden's Bookshelf Reflects His Fixation on West". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
Also in his library was a copy of Michel Chossudovsky's conspiracy-minded book "America's 'War on Terrorism,'" which argued that the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks were simply a pretext for American incursions into the Middle East, and that Bin Laden was nothing but a boogeyman created by the United States.
- ^ Edwards, Phil (20 May 2015). "The 8 craziest conspiracy theories on Osama bin Laden's bookshelf". Vox. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
The theory: Chossudovsky says 9/11 was a United States government conspiracy to start the Iraq War and enable a "new world order" to help corporate interests.
- Tam, Pauline (20 August 2005). "U of O professor accused of hosting anti-Semitic website". Ottawa Citizen. p. A1. Retrieved 10 May 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
The organization singles out a discussion forum, moderated by Mr. Chossudovsky, that features a subject heading called "Some Articles on the Truth of the Holocaust." The messages have titles such as "Jewish Lies of Omission (about the 'Holocaust')," "Jewish Hate Responsible For Largest Mass Killing at Dachau," and "Did Jews Frame the Arabs for 9/11?"
- Tam, Pauline (20 August 2005). "U of O professor accused of hosting anti-Semitic website". Ottawa Citizen. p. A8. Retrieved 10 May 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
A forthcoming book entitled America's "War on Terrorism" In the Wake of 9/11 is described on globalresearch.ca as an exposé that "blows away the smokescreen, put up by the mainstream media, that 9/11 was an 'intelligence failure.'
- ^
- Sherwell, Philip (20 May 2015). "Osama bin Laden's bookshelf featured conspiracy theories about his terror plots". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
In "America's 'War on Terrorism'" Michel Chossudovsky is described as "blowing away the smokescreen put up by the mainstream media that the attack was conducted by Islamic terrorists".
- ^ Clark, Campbell; MacKinnon, Mark (17 November 2017). "The Credibility Machine; An obscure Canadian website that disseminates conspiracy theories and Kremlin-friendly points of view is an amplifier of global disinformation, according to NATO". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 17 November 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
Global Research has from the beginning espoused conspiracy theories, including that the United States and its allies continue to support and fund Islamist extremists, including al-Qaeda and IS, and has taken the view that the U.S.-led NATO alliance is fomenting war around the world
- ^ Barnes, Jullian E. (20 August 2020). "State Dept. Traces Russian Disinformation Links". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- Sherwell, Philip (20 May 2015). "Osama bin Laden's bookshelf featured conspiracy theories about his terror plots". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
- "Michel Chossudovsky archives". Le Monde diplomatic. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
- ^ "From Al-Masdar to InfoWars: How a pro-Assad conspiracy theory got picked up by the far-right – Business Insider". Business Insider. 9 April 2017. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
- ^ Tsang, Derek (19 August 2014). "Bloggers: Edward Snowden leaked NSA documents show U.S., Israel created Islamic State". Politifact. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
The only lucid defense of the idea that Western intelligence agencies created the Islamic State intentionally comes from the Center for Research on Globalization (CRG), a Canadian website that bills itself as an alternative news source, but has advanced specious conspiracy theories on topics like 9/11, vaccines and global warming.
- ^ Strauss, Mark (2 November 2009). "Anti-globalism's Jewish Problem". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
- ^ Kata, Anna (2010). "A postmodern Pandora's box: Anti-vaccination misinformation on the Internet" (PDF). Vaccine. 28 (7). Elsevier BV: 1709–1716. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.12.022. PMID 20045099. S2CID 7143888. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
- ^ Idrees Ahmad, Muhammad (12 September 2013). "The New Truthers: Americans Who Deny Syria Used Chemical Weapons". The New Republic. New Republic. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
- ^ Varner, Natasha (17 March 2017). "The curious origins of the 'Irish slaves' myth". Public Radio International. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
- Knight, Peter (2008). "Outrageous Conspiracy Theories: Popular and Official Responses to 9/11 in Germany and the United States". New German Critique. 35 (103). Duke University Press: 165–193. doi:10.1215/0094033X-2007-024. ISSN 0094-033X. JSTOR 27669225.
Michel Chossudovsky (a Canadian who runs the Center for Research on Globalization) likewise published influential early articles alleging that the U.S. intelligence agencies had far more forewarning than they claimed.
- Nimmo, Ben. "Three thousand fake tanks". medium.com. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
- "Conspiracy web site headed by Ottawa professor sets dangerous example for students". Jewish Tribune. 25 August 2005. Archived from the original on 4 November 2005.
- Walden, Max. "Coronavirus began in US, not China, Chinese official suggests" ABC News. 13 March 2020.
- ^ Broderick, Ryan (13 March 2020). "Chinese Diplomats Are Pushing Conspiracy Theories That The Coronavirus Didn't Originate In China". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- "Coronavirus: Jordanians face a year in prison for stepping outdoors". The Times. London. 25 March 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020. (subscription required)
- Kamm, Oliver (23 April 2020). "The West is fighting two threats: the virus and a fierce propaganda war". CapX. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ VanderKlippe, Nathan (14 March 2020). "Chinese official promoting unfounded Canadian theory that coronavirus has roots in U.S. military". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- "GEC Special Report: Pillars of Russia's Disinformation and Propaganda Ecosystem" (PDF). U.S. Department of State. 4 August 2020. p. 29. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- "Government House: Awards To Canadians". Canada Gazette. Vol. 148. 31 May 2014. Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
External links
Categories:- 1946 births
- Living people
- Alumni of the University of Manchester
- Pro-Russian propaganda
- Anti-globalization writers
- Canadian anti-war activists
- Canadian economists
- Canadian non-fiction writers
- Canadian people of Irish descent
- Canadian people of Russian-Jewish descent
- Canadian socialists
- Academic staff of the University of Ottawa
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
- 20th-century non-fiction writers
- 9/11 conspiracy theorists
- Canadian conspiracy theorists