Misplaced Pages

Latest revision as of 01:18, 9 January 2025

George Allen
Official Senate portrait
United States Senator from Virginia
In office January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2007
Preceded by	Chuck Robb
Succeeded by	Jim Webb
67th Governor of Virginia
In office January 15, 1994 – January 17, 1998
Lieutenant	Don Beyer
Preceded by	Douglas Wilder
Succeeded by	Jim Gilmore
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 7th district
In office November 5, 1991 – January 3, 1993
Preceded by	French Slaughter
Succeeded by	Thomas Bliley
Member of the Virginia House of Delegates from the 58th district
In office January 12, 1983 – November 5, 1991
Preceded by	Constituency established
Succeeded by	Peter T. Way
Personal details
Born	George Felix Allen (1952-03-08) March 8, 1952 (age 72) Whittier, California, U.S.
Political party	Republican
Spouses	Anne Rubel ​ ​(m. 1979; div. 1983)​ Susan Brown ​(m. 1986)​
Children	3
Residence(s)	Virginia Beach, Virginia, U.S.
Education	University of Virginia (BA, JD)
George Allen's voice George Allen explains his support for confirming John Roberts as chief justice of the United States Recorded September 28, 2005

George Felix Allen (born March 8, 1952) is an American politician. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 67th governor of Virginia from 1994 to 1998 and as a United States senator from Virginia from 2001 to 2007.

The son of National Football League head coach George Allen, he served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1983 to 1991, resigning after he won a special election for Virginia's 7th congressional district in November 1991. After his district was eliminated during redistricting, he declined to run for a full term in 1992, instead running for Governor of Virginia in the 1993 election. He defeated Democratic Attorney General of Virginia Mary Sue Terry by 58.3% against 40.9%.

Barred by term limits from seeking reelection to a second term in 1997, he worked in the private sector until the 2000 election in which he ran for the United States Senate, defeating two-term Democratic incumbent Chuck Robb. Allen ran for reelection in the 2006 election, but after a close and controversial race, he was defeated by Democratic former U.S. Secretary of the Navy Jim Webb. When Webb decided to retire, Allen ran for his old seat again in the 2012 election but was defeated again, this time by fellow former governor Tim Kaine. Allen now serves on the Reagan Ranch Board of Governors of Young America's Foundation, where he is a Reagan Ranch Presidential Scholar.

Early life, education and early career (1952–1982)

Allen was born in Whittier, California on March 8, 1952. Allen's father, George Herbert Allen, was a National Football League (NFL) coach who was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2002. During the 2006 senatorial campaign, it was revealed that Allen's mother, Henrietta Lumbroso, was born to Sephardic Jewish parents in Tunisia. In a 2006 debate, Allen referred to his mother as being "French-Italian, with a little Spanish blood in her." He has a younger sister, Jennifer, an author and correspondent for NFL Network, and two brothers, including Bruce Allen, a former NFL team executive. He and his family lived there until 1957. They moved to the suburbs of Chicago after George Sr. was hired with the Chicago Bears. Then, the family moved back to Palos Verdes in Southern California after Allen's father was named head coach of the Los Angeles Rams in 1966.

Allen graduated in 1970 from Palos Verdes High School, where he was a member of the falconry club and the car club. He was also quarterback of the varsity football team. He then attended the University of California, Los Angeles, for a year. His father had in the meantime taken over the head coaching duties with the Washington Redskins in 1970 and the younger Allen transferred to the University of Virginia, in 1971, where he received a B.A. degree with distinction in history in 1974. He was class president in his fourth year at UVA, and played on the UVA football and rugby teams.

After graduating, Allen completed a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1977. In 1976, he was the chairman of the "Young Virginians for Ronald Reagan". Out of law school, he served as a law clerk for Judge Glen Morgan Williams of the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia.

Virginia House of Delegates (1982–1991)

Elections

Allen's first race for the Virginia House of Delegates was in 1979, two years after he graduated from law school. He ran in the 26th House District which was then composed of two seats. He placed third in a field of four candidates.

He ran again in 1982 for the House in the 58th House District and won the election, defeating incumbent Democrat James B. Murray, whose previous 24th House District was eliminated after redistricting, by 25 votes out of nearly 14,000 cast. He faced Murray again in a 1983 rematch, defeating him 53%–47%. He ran unopposed in 1985, 1987, and 1989. The seat he held was the same one held by Thomas Jefferson.

Tenure

He was a delegate from 1983 to 1991, representing parts of Albemarle and Nelson counties near Charlottesville.

Allen was a strong advocate for the death penalty, and actively supported expanding it in Virginia. For several years in a row, Allen introduced a bill that would add murder in commission of an attempted robbery to the list of capital crimes. Each year, the bill died in the House Courts of Justice Committee. Allen would continue to collect newspaper clippings for his file and followed every murder in the state.

Allen supported a statewide referendum on whether or not to create a state lottery system. In 1986, he proposed a referendum that would allow assets of illegal drug dealers to go to law enforcement.

Committee assignments

• House Courts of Justice Committee
• House General Laws Committee
• House Health Welfare and Institutions Committee
• House Militia and Police Committee
• House Mining and Mineral Resources Committee

Caucus memberships

• Regional Party Whip
• House Legislative Caucus

U.S. House of Representatives (1991–1993)

Elections

1991

Incumbent Republican U.S. Representative D. French Slaughter Jr., of Virginia's 7th congressional district, decided to resign because of a series of strokes. Allen faced Slaughter's cousin, Kay Slaughter, who was also a Charlottesville City Councilor. Allen defeated her 64% to 36%.

1992

In the 1990s round of redistricting, Allen's district, which stretched from the fringes of the Washington suburbs through the outer portions of the Shenandoah Valley to Charlottesville, was eliminated, even though Virginia gained an 11th district as a result of the 1990 U.S. Census. The Justice Department had mandated Virginia create a new black-majority district in accordance with the Voting Rights Act. The Democratic-controlled legislature decided to dismantle the 7th and split it between three neighboring districts.

Allen's home in Earlysville, near Charlottesville, was placed in the 5th district, represented by Lewis F. Payne Jr. However, the largest slice of his old district was placed in the newly redrawn 10th district, represented by fellow Republican Frank Wolf. Allen moved to Mount Vernon and prepared to challenge Wolf in a primary. However, state Republican leaders had let it be known that he could not expect any support for his planned run for the governorship in 1993 if he made such a challenge. Allen decided not to run in either district. After Democratic U.S. Representative James Olin of the 6th district decided to retire, there was speculation Allen could run there. He decided not to move his family and run in the 6th district either.

Committee assignments

• United States House Committee on Small Business
• United States House Committee on Science
• United States House Committee on the Judiciary

Governor of Virginia (1994–1998)

Elections

In November 1993, Allen was elected the 67th Governor of Virginia, serving from 1994 to 1998. His opponent in the 1993 election, Attorney General Mary Sue Terry, had an early 29-point lead in public opinion polls and a million-dollar fundraising advantage; his other opponent was Independent Nancy B. Spannaus. However, Allen's campaign proposal to abolish parole may have resonated during a surge of crime in the state. More importantly, he was running at the start of what would become the 1994 Republican Revolution. Allen overcame the deficit and won with 58.3% of the vote, the largest margin (+17.4 points) since Albertis S. Harrison Jr. defeated H. Clyde Pearson with a margin of +27.7 points in 1961.

Allen could not run for re-election because Virginia's constitution does not allow a governor to succeed himself; Virginia is the only state that has such a provision.

Welfare reform

During his 1993 campaign for governor, Allen vowed to reform Virginia's welfare system, stating that "Our obligation as a society is to provide a hand up to those in need, rather than a handout ... Welfare is not to be a permanent status for anyone in life." At the time welfare caseloads climbed 36 percent from 1988 while one out of twelve Virginians were receiving food stamps. In March 1995, after an overwhelmingly bipartisan vote of support, Allen signed his welfare reform bill propelling Virginia ahead of the national welfare reform effort, Among the key provisions outlined in the bill, the Virginia Initiative for Employment Not Welfare (VIEW) limited Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) benefits for welfare recipients to two years while recipients are required to work within ninety days of receiving benefits. Following VIEW's implementation, welfare caseloads decreased 33 percent, from 73,926 families in March 1995 to 49,609 families in July 1997. In areas where VIEW existed for twelve months, 74 percent were employed versus only 31 percent nationally,. According to the Virginia Department of Health and Human Resource's 1996 annual report, VIEW saved taxpayers 24 million dollar in its first year of existence; with an addition to federal welfare money, the savings total over the following two years comes to just over $70 million

The Allen Administration's welfare reform law also addressed concerns over single-parent recipients of welfare requiring mothers to name the child's father and provide three additional pieces of information to help locate the non-custodial parent or face loss of all TANF benefits. Since 1995, Virginia has achieved a 98.5 percent rate of paternity identification, the highest in the country. By removing the incentive to break up families, the Allen welfare reform allowed two parent households the same time to receive benefits as single parents. Because this law reversed the incentive of being a single parent TANF cases represented by two parent households increased by over 180 percent.

Truth-in-sentencing

In November 1993, Allen's campaign promise to abolish parole for those convicted of a felony helped drive him to a landslide victory after trailing from a 33 percent point deficit in the polls to Democrat Mary Sue Terry,

Truth-in-sentencing (TIS) and abolition of parole were ultimately passed in a Special Session of the General Assembly with the House voting 89–7 and the Senate voting 34–4 in favor of the measure. On January 1, 1995, Allen's central campaign promise became a reality when TIS and abolition of parole went into effect. According to the law, prison sentences increased for offenders without prior convictions for violent crimes by 125 percent, 300 percent for those with a prior felony conviction that originally had a maximum penalty of less than 40 years, and 500 percent for those with a felony conviction of a violent crime that originally had a minimum penalty of more than 40 years. Between 1994 and 1995, statistics show on average that first degree murders with violent records went from serving 15 years to 46 years.

In 1993, nearly half of all offenders released from prison were re-arrested for a new crime within 3 years. TIS ensured that inmates serve a minimum of 85 percent of their sentence. As a result of TIS, first degree murderers went from serving 29 percent of imposed sentence to 91 percent,. While parole was eliminated for those convicted of a felony after January 1, 1995, parole remained in effect for individuals incarcerated prior to TIS reform resulting in a rapid decline in the parole grant rate from 46 percent in 1991 to 5 percent in 1998.

Standards of learning

In June 1995, the Virginia Board of Education adopted Governor Allen's Commission on Champion Schools recommendation for statewide standardized tests for academic accountability. The Board of Education voted in favor of implementing the Standards of Learning (SOLs) which measures student achievements and ensures accountability for schools in the core subjects of English, mathematics, history, economics, and science. The commission also recommended the creation of an annual 'report card' to grade each public school's performance stating that: "If Virginia's youngsters can't make the grade, then neither should their schools" (2)(9). Experts suggested that in order to improve the quality of learning, a school should emphasize academic goals and effective leadership. By using measurement through tests, the state, teachers, and parents can monitor the effectiveness of schools teaching the basic fundamental subjects (1). Allen's legislation used public data of SOLs test scores along with school attendance and drop-out rates to ensure that unsatisfactory schools are accountable by the threat of state takeover through court action.

Initially, Allen succeeded in keeping Virginia's educational reform independent from federal funding by using a line-item veto in the state's budget, a power granted to Virginia governors. Allen argued that federal funding would force the Commonwealth to adhere to federal regulation, therefore, restricting the freedom of Virginia to craft its own high academic standards education plan. Despite Allen's efforts to keep Virginia independent from federal education funds, the Virginia Board of Education applied for federal funds through the program Goals 2000.

During Allen's tenure as governor, the American Federation of Teachers rated the SOLs "exemplary" in the four core subjects.

Virginia water toxin cover-up

In 1994, Allen's administration eliminated Virginia's water toxins monitoring program. The Virginia Toxics Database, which was maintained by the program and contained important baseline toxicity levels for Virginia waters, was locked away in a safe during Allen's term as governor. Scientists and government agencies were denied access to the data by Allen's Department of Environment Quality. Reporting by The Roanoke Times spurred Virginia legislators to call for an investigation by the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission. The 1999 investigation found that documents from the database were destroyed and that the concealed data included information on high levels of PCBs in Virginia waterways, including the Rappahannock River. A report by the Chesapeake Bay Foundation found that the DEQ had withheld knowledge of high mercury concentrations in the Shenandoah River.

"Disney's America" Controversy

In 1993, The Walt Disney Company announced their plans to build a U.S. history-inspired theme park called "Disney's America" in Prince William County, Virginia. Allen was a vocal supporter of the park, citing all the new jobs that would be created if the park was constructed. The announcement of the park, however, sparked backlash from both historians and the public. Many also worried the nearby Manassas National Battlefield Park—the site of two major Civil War battles (see the First Battle of Bull Run and the Second Battle of Bull Run)--would be negatively impacted by the park's creation. Allen went on CNN to debate critics of the project and spoke at a Congressional hearing over the park's creation. In the end, however, plans for the park's creation were scrapped by Disney.

Return to the private sector (1998–2001)

McGuireWoods

In February 1998, Allen became a Richmond-based partner at the law firm McGuire Woods Battle & Boothe (now McGuireWoods LLP), as head of its business expansion and relocation team. At the time, Allen said "I think it's healthy to get out of government. If you stay in too long, you lose track of reality and the real world." According to a disclosure form Allen filed on May 12, 2000, he was paid $450,000 by the firm between January 1999 and April 2000.

Xybernaut

While out of office, Allen became a director at two Virginia high-tech companies and advised a third, all government contractors that he had assisted while governor.

In mid-1998, Allen joined the board of Xybernaut, a company selling mobile, flip-screen computers. The firm never made a profit – it posted 33 consecutive quarterly losses after it went public in 1996. In September 1999, Allen and the rest of the company's board dismissed the company's accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers, which had issued a report with a "going concern" paragraph that questioned the company's financial health.

Allen made almost no money from the stock, according to his communications director, John Reid. According to the Associated Press, Allen steered compensation from his board service, other than stock options, to his law firm. He was granted options worth $1.5 million at their peak. Allen listed them on his disclosure forms for 2002 and 2003, but never exercised them.

Commonwealth Biotechnologies

Allen joined Commonwealth's board of directors about two months after leaving the governor's office in January 1998. "I learned a lot on their board and enjoyed working with 'em, and they seem to be doing all right, I guess," Allen said in October 2006.

Commonwealth granted Allen options on 15,000 shares of company stock at $7.50 a share in May 1999. Allen steered other compensation from his board service to his law firm, McGuire Woods. As of late 2006, Allen had not cashed in any options; the stock as of that date was well under $5 per share, making the options valueless for the moment. Commonwealth reported its first full year of profitability in 2005.

Com-Net Ericsson

Allen became a member of the advisory board of Com-Net Ericsson in February 2000. The advisory board's responsibility was to meet at least twice a year and provide advice and service. Allen terminated his service on the board before the end of 2000. He was paid approximately $300,000 for his services.

U.S. Senate (2001–2007)

Elections

2000

Allen ran for the U.S. Senate and defeated Democratic incumbent U.S. Senator Chuck Robb 52% to 48%. He was the only Republican to unseat a Democratic incumbent that year.

2006

Allen sought re-election in 2006, winning the Republican nomination on August 11, 2006. The general election featured three candidates: Allen; the Democratic Party nominee, former Secretary of the Navy James H. Webb; and Gail Parker, a retired Air Force officer and retired civilian Pentagon budget analyst who ran on the Independent Green Party ballot line. Allen ran a campaign that appealed to cultural, hard right-wing conservatives. During the campaign the Marshall-Newman Amendment was also on the ballot.

On August 11, 2006, at a campaign stop in Breaks, Virginia, near the Kentucky border, Allen twice used the racist slur "macaca" (meaning 'monkey') to refer to the dark-complexioned S. R. Sidarth, who was filming the event as a "tracker" for the opposing Jim Webb campaign. In what was dubbed as his "Macaca moment", Allen said:

"This fellow here over here with the yellow shirt, Macaca, or whatever his name is. He's with my opponent... Let's give a welcome to Macaca, here. Welcome to America and the real world of Virginia."

Sidarth, who is of Indian ancestry, was born and raised in Fairfax County, Virginia. The remarks quickly went viral and became a major news item on all of the network and cable television news shows.

Webb won by approximately a third of a percent – 9,329 votes. Two days after the election, on November 9, 2006, Allen held a press conference in Alexandria, Virginia, announcing that he had conceded the race to Webb and would not seek a recount. His defeat was widely attributed to the remarks made by him on the trail.

Tenure

The bills that Allen introduced or authored in the Senate include:

• Introduced Constitutional Amendment to balance the budget
• Introduced Line Item Veto
• Introduced Paycheck Penalty Legislation, which withholds salaries from Congress until a budget is passed by beginning of the fiscal year
• Introduced National Innovation Act, to promote growth of American science and engineering by grants, scholarships and training
• Introduced "Long-Term Care Act", which would allow people to use their 401(k) accounts to pay for long-term care insurance
• Introduced "Flexibility for Champion Schools Act", which would allow states with higher education standards to lower their standards to match federal standards
• Co-authored the Internet Tax Nondiscrimination Act, which extends the ban on various Internet taxes until 2007

21st century Nanotechnology Research & Development Act

In 2002, Allen co-sponsored, together with Senators Ron Wyden and Joe Lieberman, bipartisan legislation that promoted nanotechnology research and development in the United States. The 21st century Nanotechnology Research & Development Act was signed into law by President Bush on December 3, 2003.

The Act launched the National Nanotechnology Program, to establish goals, priorities, and metrics for evaluation of federal nanotechnology research and development, investment in federal nanotech research and development programs, and provide for interagency coordination of federal nanotechnology activities. The National Nanotechnology Program, the single largest federally funded, multi-agency scientific research initiative since the space program in the 1960s, got $3.63 billion of funding over the period of four years.

Allen was the founding Chair of the Congressional Nanotechnology Caucus. In 2009, he joined the board of the company Nano Risk Assessment, Inc.

Committee assignments

Allen was a member of the Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee, the Small Business and Entrepreneurship Committee, the Foreign Relations Committee and the Energy and Natural Resources Committee.

Allen was appointed in the last Congress to serve as the chairman of the High Tech Task Force. Allen was elected as a member of the Senate Republican leadership as Chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Committee in 2002; he oversaw a net gain of four seats for the Republicans in the 2004 Senate elections. His successor as NRSC chair was Senator Elizabeth Dole. Dole was chairman of the NRSC in 2006, when Allen was defeated for re-election by Jim Webb.

Post-Senate career (2007–present)

Political ambitions

2008 presidential election

Prior to his loss to Webb in the November 2006 senatorial election, Allen had traveled a number of times to Iowa (the first state with a presidential caucus) and New Hampshire (the first state with a presidential primary). He had been widely assumed to be preparing a run for president.

In a survey of 175 Washington insiders by National Journal, released in April 2005, Allen was the frontrunner for the Republican nomination for the 2008 presidential election. In an insider survey by National Journal a year later, in May 2006, Allen had dropped to second place, and John McCain held a 3-to-1 lead over Allen.

After the November 2006 election, it was widely assumed that Allen was no longer a viable candidate for the Republican nomination, principally because of the damage caused by the incidents that caused his double-digit lead in the polls to turn to a narrow defeat that contributed to the Republicans' loss of control of the Senate.

On December 10, 2006, Allen gave an interview in which he stated that he would not seek the 2008 nomination.

In October 2007, the campaign of GOP presidential candidate Fred Thompson announced that Allen was one of three national co-chairs for the 2008 presidential campaign. That month, Allen declined to speculate on his political future.

2009 gubernatorial election

Commenting on the 2009 governor's race in Virginia, Allen not only said that he had made no decisions but that "Susan and I have listened to a lot of people encouraging us to do that." On January 8, 2008, Allen said that he would not run for governor in 2009, but later left open the possibility of challenging Democratic senator Webb in 2012.

Political activism

In March 2007, Allen became a Reagan Scholar with Young America's Foundation. He is also the President of George Allen Strategies, a lobbying and consulting firm based in Alexandria, Virginia, a position he had held since July 2007. Between January 2010 and August 2011, he was paid $347,000 by the firm.

In 2009, Allen started the American Energy Freedom Center, a non-profit conservative think tank that is a project of the Institute for Energy Research. He was paid $20,000 to be the center's chairman in 2010; he ceased his affiliation with the organization in December of that year.

In May 2010, Regnery Press published Allen's first book, What Washington Can Learn From the World of Sports, in which he drew parallels and contrasts between two of the nation's favorite passions. Allen suggested that government needed to look no further than the football field, baseball diamond, or basketball court to solve today's pressing problems because, in sports, teamwork is essential, cheating is frowned upon, and the rules do not change.

In September 2024, Allen was one of several former governors to sign an open letter to all 50 current governors urging them to certify their states’ votes after the upcoming November election.

2012 U.S. Senate election

On January 24, 2011, Allen announced, through a video on his campaign website, that he was running for the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate, to reclaim the seat he lost to Senator Jim Webb in 2006. In the June Republican primary, Allen secured the nomination with more than 65% of the vote, defeating Jamie Radtke (23%), Robert G. Marshall (7%) and E.W. Jackson (5%).

In February 2011, Webb announced he would not seek reelection. Allen faced former Virginia governor Tim Kaine in the November 2012 general election for the seat, and lost by a 53%–47% margin.

Electoral history

Personal life

Allen married Anne Patrice Rubel in June 1979. They divorced in 1983. In 1986, Allen married Susan Brown. The couple has three children. The Allens are residents of Virginia Beach, Virginia.

Allen is a member of the Presbyterian Church. He is fond of using football metaphors, a tendency that has been remarked upon by journalists and political commentators.

See also

• List of governors of Virginia

References

1. Mulkern, Anne C. (June 2, 2009). "George Allen returns, tries to counter Democrats on climate". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
2. • Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
3. "George Allen". Football Hall of Fame. 2006. Archived from the original on June 25, 2009. Retrieved August 31, 2006.
4. "New 'N Word' Woe For George Allen". CBS News. September 26, 2006. Archived from the original on December 17, 2019. Retrieved August 30, 2007.
5. Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "George Allen Answers 2006 Debate Question About His Heritage". YouTube. August 8, 2012.
6. "George Allen: Pro Football Hall of Fame Head Coach". About.com. 2006. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2006.
7. "George Allen: Principals". www.georgeallenstrategies.com. 2009. Archived from the original on June 24, 2018. Retrieved August 14, 2009.
8. Tribute to Judge Glen Morgan Williams, 152 Cong. Rec. S10448 (Sept. 28, 2006) (PDF), archived (PDF) from the original on July 29, 2020, retrieved November 19, 2012
9. ^ "Candidate Data for 1979RVAHH26". Archived from the original on August 1, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
10. ^ "Candidate Data for 1982RVAHH58". Archived from the original on August 1, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
11. "Coach Allen would love this fight". The Washington Times. September 27, 1991. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
12. "Welcome to the Virginia House of Delegates". Dela.state.va.us. July 4, 1920. Archived from the original on October 3, 2006. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
13. ^ "Candidate Data for 1983RVAHH58". Archived from the original on August 1, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
14. ^ "Candidate Data for 1985RVAHH58". Archived from the original on August 1, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
15. ^ "Candidate Data for 1987RVAHH58". Archived from the original on August 1, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
16. ^ "Candidate Data for 1989RVAHH58". Archived from the original on August 1, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
17. "Governor George Allen". Young America's Foundation. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
18. "Delegate Renews Fight To Expand Death Penalty". Daily Press. January 16, 1989. Archived from the original on August 1, 2013. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
19. Gersh, R. D. (February 3, 1983). "Lottery bill heading for vote by delegates". The Free Lance-Star. Archived from the original on August 29, 2023. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
20. "Editorial: Digging into dealers' pockets, not taxpayers'". The Free Lance-Star. November 1, 1990. Archived from the original on August 29, 2023. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
21. "Welcome to the Virginia House of Delegates". Dela.state.va.us. Archived from the original on October 9, 2006. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
22. "Welcome to the Virginia House of Delegates". Dela.state.va.us. Archived from the original on October 3, 2006. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
23. "Welcome to the Virginia House of Delegates". Dela.state.va.us. Archived from the original on October 3, 2006. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
24. "VA District 7 Special Race – Nov 05, 1991". Our Campaigns. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
25. Tapper, Jake (November 17, 1999). "Dead senator running?". Salon magazine. Archived from the original on November 22, 2007.
26. Hagens, Winnett W. (1998). "The Virginia Redistricting Experience, 1991–1997". In Grofman, Bernard (ed.). Race and Redistricting in the 1990s. Agathon series on representation (softcover ed.). New York: Algora Publishing. p. 315 & seq. ISBN 978-0-87586-262-0. Retrieved August 22, 2010.
27. "The Virginian-Pilot Archives". Nl.newsbank.com. December 20, 1991. Archived from the original on February 4, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
28. ^ "Revolving Door: George Allen Employment Summary". OpenSecrets. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
29. B. Drummond Ayres Jr (November 3, 1993). "The 1993 Elections: Virginia; Conservative Republican Wins Easily". New York Times.
30. "The Virginia Elections and State Elected Officials Database Project, 1776–2005". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on July 10, 2012. Retrieved November 9, 2006.
31. Norquist, G. G. (February 1994). Democrats misfire on guns. American Spectator. p. 78.
32. "The Virginia Elections and State Elected Officials Database Project, 1776–2005". Archived from the original on September 2, 2006.
33. "Governor of Virginia". Our Campaigns. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
34. "One Price of a One-Term Governor High Turnover". The Virginian-Pilot. May 16, 1996. p. A14. Archived from the original on February 16, 2006. Retrieved October 4, 2006.
35. Harris, John F. "Allen Urges VA Welfare Restrictions; Plan Would Require Job, Two-Year Cutoff", Washington Post", August 17, 1993
36. ^ Piper, Laura, "Virginia As A Model for Other State Welfare Plans," Archived July 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Welfare Reform: A New Deal for the 1990s. Retrieved January 24, 2011, Vol 1. Spring 1997 Number 2
37. Taylor, Leslie, "Welfare Reform Arrives" Archived January 11, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, "The Roanoke Time", March 16, 1994
38. ^ Cain, Andrew, "Last-minute Deal Brings Virginia Welfare Reform" Archived May 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, "The Washington Times", p. A01 Retrieved June 30, 2010
39. Report of the Department of Social Services. "Making Welfare Work: Virginia's Transformation From Dependency to Opportunity" Archived August 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
40. ""A Decade of Welfare Reform: Facts and Figures," The Urban Institute" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on August 9, 2010. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
41. (December 19, 1995) "Savings Estimated On Welfare Reform," Richmond Times Dispatch. p. A14.
42. LaDonna Pavetti; Nancy Wemmerus February 1999 Archived July 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
43. Report of the Department of Social Services "Making Welfare Work: Virginia's Transformation From Dependency to Opportunity", June 30, 2010 Archived August 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
44. Gemma Jr., Peter B., "Answer is Easy: Get Tough" Archived November 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, "USA Today, pg A10, Retrieved July 8, 2010
45. "Parole Abolition Passes: Get On With It" Archived January 11, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, "The Virginian-Pilot, pg. A14. Retrieved July 3, 2010
46. ^ Ostrom, Brian J., "PDF – Truth-in-Sentencing in Virginia" Archived December 3, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Report Prepared for the National Institute of Justice, April 5, 2001
47. "Parole Abolition Passes; Get On With It" Archived January 11, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, "The Virginian-Pilot., pg. A14, Retrieved July 3, 2010
48. Shear, Michael D., "Passions Still High On Va. Ban Of Parole; Credit for Decline In Crime Disputed", The Washington Post", p. B04, Retrieved July 7, 2010
49. Fogle, Adam, "Allen: Abolishing parole worked in Virginia, would work in SC" Archived January 6, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, "The Palmetto Scoop", April 7, 2008
50. ^ Brenda Lawson “Chapter 1 Introduction to the Study” Archived April 19, 2024, at the Wayback Machine, July 12, 2010
51. Joel Himelfarb, “Policy Review” Archived January 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, "Hoover Publications", July 29, 2010
52. ^ “Making The Grade” Archived February 18, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Richmond Times Dispatch, February 26, 1997
53. William Michael Paul, “Champion School Commission Adopts Many Choice Proposals” Archived April 12, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, "Richmond Times Dispatch", December 9, 1995
54. Ann Bradley, “Va. Governor Victorious in Rejecting Goals 2000” Archived March 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Education Week", July 21, 2010
55. “Remarks of Governor George Allen to the Heritage Foundation”, The Heritage Foundation", December 9, 1998
56. Spencer S. Hsu “Prodded by Allen, Va. School Panel Seeks U.S. Funds” The Washington Post pg B07
57. Christie Mark “Allen's Legacy; a GOP Insider Offers An Unabashed Hosanna To A Leader Whose Works Set A Mark; For Effective Government.” Archived January 11, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, The Virginian-Pilot, January 18, 1998
58. Nixon, Ron (April 25, 1999). "Toxin Data Kept Secret; Few Had Access to DEQ Database". The Roanoke Times. Archived from the original on July 18, 2013. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
59. "DEQ denied scientists access to data". Associated Press. April 25, 1999. Archived from the original on July 18, 2013. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
60. Timberg, Craig (October 14, 2000). "An Environmental Question Mark; Allen, Opponents Dispute His Legacy in Va". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 18, 2013. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
61. "Stafford News Digest: Environment". The Free Lance-Star. July 21, 1999. Archived from the original on August 29, 2023. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
62. "Legislative watchdog group to look into monitoring of waterways". Associated Press. May 11, 1999. Archived from the original on July 18, 2013. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
63. Nixon, Ron (July 13, 1999). "DEQ Lost and Destroyed Water Data, Audit Finds; Allen Administration Budget Cuts Blamed". The Roanoke Times. Archived from the original on July 18, 2013. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
64. Nixon, Ron (May 11, 1999). "JLARC to Investigate DEQ Toxic Monitoring: Database Withheld for 5 Years". The Roanoke Times. Archived from the original on July 18, 2013. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
65. Suarez Rojas, C. (August 17, 2019). "Disney's lost 'America': History derailed Virginia theme park 25 years ago". Culpeper Star-Exponent. Archived from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
66. "Manassas - Chapter 11 - More Battles - Disney's America". National Park Service. Archived from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
67. Mark Hilpert, "Ex-Gov. Allen now `rainmaker' for Va. law firm" Archived December 24, 2005, at the Wayback Machine, Washington Business Journal, February 13, 1998
68. ^ Garance Franke-Ruta,"Just a Gigolo: In the go-go ’90s, George Allen sat on the board of a Virginia tech company. Now, the company faces several class-action suits and an SEC insiders probe", American Prospect magazine, issue date of September 12, 2006
69. ^ Sharon Theimer and Bob Lewis, "AP: Allen failed to report stock options" Archived June 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Associated Press, October 8, 2006
70. "Xybernaut, Form SB-2, Filing Date Oct 1, 1998". secdatabase.com. Archived from the original on May 15, 2018. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
71. Ellen McCarthy, "Xybernaut Hid Gathering Storm In Bright Forecasts" Archived August 16, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Washington Post, April 21, 2005
72. "Xybernaut SEC filing, Form 8-K, September 19, 1999". Secinfo.com. Archived from the original on February 4, 2012. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
73. Chris Flores, News & Advance, June 2002, cited at Archived June 26, 2004, at archive.today
74. Trandahl, John (June 21, 2001). "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 7, 2000". Archived from the original on September 29, 2006. Retrieved October 4, 2006.
75. Schapiro, Jeff E. (May 17, 2006). "Former Robb aides endorse Webb in primary". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Archived from the original on June 3, 2006. Retrieved October 31, 2006.
76. "The Macaca Heard Round the World". ABC News. Archived from the original on November 5, 2022.
77. Broder, John (November 10, 2006). "Democrats Gain Senate and New Influence". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 23, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
78. "George of the Fumble". motherjones.com. May 2012. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022. Retrieved October 7, 2022.
79. Legislation in Current Congress. The Library of Congress. Retrieved September 15, 2006. Archived January 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
80. "George Allen on Budget & Economy". On the Issues. Archived from the original on October 12, 2006. Retrieved October 4, 2006.
81. "Allen, Talent Introduce Constitutional Amendment on Line Item Veto" (Press release). September 27, 2005. Archived from the original on November 16, 2005.
82. "ALLEN CALLS FOR A "PAYCHECK PENALTY" ON CONGRESS". American Chronicle. February 10, 2006. Archived from the original on March 19, 2006. Retrieved October 4, 2006.
83. "National Innovation Act Introduced". UCLA Government & Community Relations. December 15, 2005. Archived from the original on September 4, 2006. Retrieved October 4, 2006.
84. "S. 1706: Long-Term Care Act of 2005". GovTrack. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved October 4, 2006.
85. "S. 901: Flexibility for Champion Schools Act". GovTrack. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved October 4, 2006.
86. ^ “Senators Introduce Bill to Promote Nanotech R&D” Archived January 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Nano Technology", October 1, 2002
87. Alexander Cate, “President Bush Signs Bill Authorizing U.S. Nanotechnology Program” Archived October 5, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, "National Science and Technology Council", December 3, 2003
88. ^ “The Nanobusiness Alliance: nanoTox Appoints Gov. George Allen to Board of Directors” Archived June 20, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, "Nano Science and Technology Institute", June 11, 2009
89. ^ “Sen. Allen Receives Northern Virginia Technology Council 2006 Chairman’s Award” Archived October 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, "PR Newswire", April 5, 2006
90. Heilemann, John (March 13, 2006). "George III". New York Magazine. Archived from the original on May 27, 2006. Retrieved October 27, 2006.
91. Glazer, Gwen (April 29, 2005). "Signed, Sealed... But Not So Fast. Insiders' Predictions For WH 2008 May Not Match Public's Vision". National Journal. Archived from the original on November 9, 2005.
92. "McCain Roars Past Allen In New NJ Insiders Poll". National Journal. May 11, 2006. Archived from the original on June 4, 2006.
93. Richard Allen Greene, BBC News, "White House hopefuls begin race" Archived February 26, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, November 10, 2006. Retrieved November 19, 2006
94. George Will, "Allen's Fumbles, Romney's Gain" Archived December 15, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Washington Post, November 1, 2006. Retrieved November 19, 2006
95. Nitya Venkataraman, ABC News, "Mr. President? 2008 is Closer Than it Appears" Archived September 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, November 19, 2006. Retrieved November 19, 2006
96. The Mercury News
97. Michael D. Shear, "George Allen's Back And Touting Thompson" Archived September 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Washington Post, October 9, 2007
98. Sandhya Somashekhar and Tim Craig, "Allen Rejects Run Next Year For 2nd Term As Governor" Archived September 23, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Washington Post, January 9, 2008
99. George Allen Strategies (2009). Principals Archived June 24, 2018, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 14, 2009.
100. ^ Anita Kumar (September 27, 2011). "George Allen's Energy-industry Interests". Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 20, 2013.
101. Sandhya Somashekhar, Allen Tries to Shake Off the 'Macaca' Shadow Archived March 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Washington Post, August 14, 2009.
102. Jonathan Lemire (September 17, 2024). "Former governors urge successors to certify election results". Politico. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
103. Lewis, Bob (January 24, 2011), "George Allen Announces Campaign To Reclaim Virginia Senate Seat", Huffington Post, archived from the original on January 27, 2011, retrieved January 24, 2011
104. "Virginia Official Election Results Republican Primary June 2012", Virginia State Board of Elections, June 13, 2012, archived from the original on November 4, 2013, retrieved June 28, 2012
105. Trygstad, Kyle (February 9, 2011). "Webb Won't Seek Re-Election". Roll Call. Archived from the original on February 16, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
106. "Kaine cut into GOP strongholds en route to defeating Allen". Richmond Times-Dispatch. November 7, 2012. Archived from the original on February 4, 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
107. "Republicans fight to reclaim the Senate majority: 2012 races to watch". ABC. June 1, 2012. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
108. Anita Kumar and Laura Vozzella (December 7, 2011). "Obama looms large in first debate between Va. Senate candidates George Allen, Timothy Kaine". Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 23, 2016. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
109. "A Tough Question for George Allen". The Decembrist. May 13, 2005. Archived from the original on November 15, 2006. Retrieved August 15, 2006.
110. Milbank, Dana (February 6, 2006). "Mixing Politics, Pigskins". The Washington Post. p. C01. Archived from the original on August 21, 2008. Retrieved May 3, 2010.

External links

• Personal website
• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
• Profile at Vote Smart
• Appearances on C-SPAN
• Who Is George Allen, Anyway?, Newsweek, October 2, 2006

Archival Records

• Archived Web Site of George Allen for U.S. Senate, 2006 part of Virginia Statewide Election Campaign Websites, 2006 at Virginia Memory
• A Guide to the Executive Office Records of Virginia Governor George F. Allen, 1993–1998 Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine at The Library of Virginia
• A Guide to the Policy Office Records of Virginia Governor George F. Allen, 1993–1998 Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine at The Library of Virginia
• A Guide to the Press Office Records of Virginia Governor George F. Allen, 1993–1998 Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine at The Library of Virginia
• A Guide to the Liaison Office Records of Virginia Governor George F. Allen, 1994–1998 Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine at The Library of Virginia
• A Guide to the Executive Mansion and First Lady's Event Records of Virginia Governor George F. Allen, 1994–1997 Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine at The Library of Virginia
• A Guide to the Scheduling Office Records of Virginia Governor George F. Allen, 1993–1998 at The Library of Virginia
• A Guide to the Transition Office Briefing Records of Virginia Governor George F. Allen, 1997–1998 at The Library of Virginia
• A Guide to the Working Papers of Virginia Governor George F. Allen, 1994–1997 at The Library of Virginia

v t e Governors of Virginia
Virginia Governor's Council
Colony of Virginia	Virginia Company proprietary colony Wingfield Ratcliffe Scrivener (acting) Smith Percy Gates T. West (De La Warr) Dale Yeardley Argall Wyatt F. West Pott Crown colony Harvey J. West Reade (acting) Berkeley Jeffreys (acting) Kemp (acting) Bennett Digges Mathews Colepeper Chicheley (acting) Howard of Effingham Andros Nicholson Nott Jenings Hunter Orkney (absentee) Spotswood Drysdale "King" Carter Gooch Albemarle (absentee) Gooch Lee Burwell (acting) Dinwiddie Loudoun Fauquier Amherst (absentee) Fauquier Botetourt W. Nelson Dunmore
Commonwealth of Virginia	Henry Jefferson Fleming T. Nelson B. Harrison Henry E. Randolph B. Randolph H. Lee Brooke Wood Monroe Page Cabell Tyler Sr. G. Smith Monroe G. Smith P. Randolph Barbour Nicholas Preston T. Randolph Pleasants Tyler Jr. Giles J. Floyd Tazewell Robertson Campbell Gilmer Patton Rutherfoord Gregory McDowell W. "EB" Smith J. B. Floyd Johnson Wise Letcher W. "EB" Smith Pierpont Wells Walker Kemper Holliday Cameron F. Lee McKinney O'Ferrall J. H. Tyler Montague Swanson Mann Stuart Davis Trinkle Byrd Pollard Peery Price Darden Tuck Battle Stanley Almond A. Harrison Godwin Holton Godwin Dalton Robb Baliles Wilder Allen Gilmore Warner Kaine McDonnell McAuliffe Northam Youngkin

v t e United States senators from Virginia
Class 1	Grayson Walker Monroe S. Mason Taylor Venable Giles Moore Brent J. Barbour Randolph Tyler Rives Pennybacker J. Mason Willey Bowden Lewis Withers Mahone Daniel Swanson Byrd Sr. Byrd Jr. Trible Robb Allen Webb Kaine
Class 2	Lee Taylor H. Tazewell Nicholas Moore Giles A. Mason Eppes Pleasants Taylor L. Tazewell Rives Leigh Parker Roane Archer Hunter Carlile Johnston Riddleberger J. S. Barbour Hunton Martin Glass Burch Robertson Spong Scott J. Warner M. Warner

v t e Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 7th congressional district
Page Venable Randolph Lewis Caperton B. Smith W. Smith Leftwich Claiborne Stuart Goggin Wise Bayly W. "EB" Smith Upton McKenzie Braxton Harris Paul Sr. O'Ferrall Turner Hay T. Harrison Paul Jr. T. Harrison Garber Fishburne Robertson B. Harrison Marsh Robinson Slaughter Allen Bliley Cantor Brat Spanberger Vindman

• 1952 births
• 20th-century American lawyers
• 21st-century Virginia politicians
• Allen family
• Presbyterians from Virginia
• American people of English descent
• American people of German descent
• American people of Irish descent
• American people of Tunisian-Jewish descent
• Candidates in the 2012 United States elections
• Living people
• McGuireWoods people
• Politicians from Albemarle County, Virginia
• People from Mount Vernon, Virginia
• People from Palos Verdes, California
• People from Whittier, California
• Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 1st Class
• Republican Party United States senators from Virginia
• Republican Party governors of Virginia
• Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia
• Republican Party members of the Virginia House of Delegates
• University of Virginia School of Law alumni
• Virginia Cavaliers football players
• Virginia lawyers
• 21st-century United States senators
• 20th-century members of the Virginia General Assembly
• 20th-century members of the United States House of Representatives