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Virginia Tech massacre
Students gather to mourn at the convocation after the shooting
Location	Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
Date	April 16, 2007 7:15 a.m. and 9:00 a.m.–9:30 a.m. (EDT)
Target	Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech)
Attack type	School shooting, mass murder, murder-suicide, massacre, spree killer
Deaths	33 (including the perpetrator)
Injured	29
Motive	Unknown

The Virginia Tech massacre was a University shooting that unfolded as two separate attacks, approximately two hours apart, on April 16, 2007 in the premises of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg, Virginia. At least 32 people, were killed and 17 injured by the gunman, who then committed suicide, which makes it the deadliest mass shooting perpetrated by a civilian in the history of the United States.

Cho Seung-hui, identified by authorities as the gunman, was born in South Korea and grew up in Virginia. He had permanent residence status and was a fourth-year English major at Virginia Tech. He committed suicide upon hearing the police during the second attack.

West Ambler Johnston shootings

The first shooting occurred around 7:15 a.m. EDT in West Ambler Johnston Hall, a co-ed dormitory that houses 895 students. A young woman, Emily J. Hilscher of Woodville, Virginia, and a male resident assistant, Ryan Clark of Martinez, Georgia, were killed. Authorities identified a "person of interest" in the first shooting. According to The Washington Post, this "person of interest" was Hilscher's boyfriend; he was released after cooperating with authorities. Although the administrators of the University were notified, they thought the shootings in this hall were isolated and did not evacuate the campus. This later caused controversy over whether the University could have done more to prevent the second shooting incident.

The University's explanation for its failure to act is that Hilscher's roommate gave them an incorrect lead by suggesting that Hilscher's boyfriend, a student at Radford University who had a gun collection, was involved; because authorities quickly got the boyfriend under custody, they did not realize right away that there was still a threat.

Norris Hall shootings

Approximately two hours after the initial shootings, shots were reported in a classroom at Norris Hall, an engineering and science building that houses the Engineering Science and Mechanics program. A ballistics test later showed that the same gun was used in both campus shootings.

An eyewitness told a Collegiate Times reporter that a gunman shot about nineteen people attending a German class in Norris Hall including the professor. Only four people emerged unscathed from the German class, with the rest either killed or wounded. Erin Sheehan, one of the four, said the shooter "peeked in twice, earlier in the lesson, like he was looking for someone, somebody, before he started shooting."

Twenty-seven gunshots can be heard in video footage captured with a cell phone, later broadcast on many news outlets.

Student Nikolas Macko described to BBC News his experience at the center of the shootings. He had been attending a math class (near the German class) and heard gunshots in the hallway. Three people in the classroom barricaded themselves inside the room using a table. At one point, Macko said, the shooter attempted to break down the door of the classroom and then shot twice into the room; one shot hit a podium and the other went out the window. The shooter reloaded and shot into the door again, but the bullet did not penetrate into the room. He stated there were "many, many shots" fired.

High winds prevented emergency medical services from using helicopters for the evacuations. Victims injured in the event were treated at Montgomery Regional Hospital in Blacksburg, Carilion New River Valley Medical Center in Radford, Carilion Roanoke Memorial Hospital in Roanoke, and Lewis-Gale Medical Center in Salem.

Cho Seung-hui

Background

The shooter was identified as 23-year-old Cho Seung-hui (조승희), a South Korean national living in Virginia as a United States permanent resident (Green Card holder). He arrived in the US with his family as an eight-year-old child in 1992. His permanent address was listed as Centreville, Virginia, a suburb of Washington, D.C. He attended and, in 2003, graduated from Westfield High School in Chantilly, Virginia. Victims Erin Peterson and Reema Samaha graduated from Westfield in 2006, but it is not known if Cho knew either of them. He was an undergraduate student in his senior year, majoring in English. A spokesman for Virginia Tech has described him as a "loner", stating that the University was having difficulty finding information about him. Cho lived in Harper Hall, another dormitory just to the west of West Ambler Johnston Hall dormitory.

Possible motives

As of April 18, 2007, Cho's motives for the killings remain unclear.

Early reports suggested that the killing was the result of a domestic dispute between Cho and previously alleged girlfriend Emily Hilscher, who was later revealed to have no prior relationship with Cho.

When police investigated Cho's dorm, they found a note describing how his life was hell and his plan of suicide. In a note left in his dorm room he laid out a list of grievances in which he railed against "rich kids" or "debauchery" and "deceitful charlatans" on campus. Another sentence on the note read "you caused me to do this." The words "Ismail Ax" were found written on his arm in red ink. His roommate told reporters that Cho had a normal expression on his face just two hours before the killing spree.

Lucinda Roy, Cho's former creative writing professor, and former English department chairperson, says she was disturbed by the student's behavior and writing to the point of warning campus police and other officials about him, but was told they could not do much as no direct threat was involved, and they did not wish to violate his rights of free speech. Roy told ABC News that Cho seemed "extraordinarily lonely — the loneliest person I have ever met in my life." She said he always wore sunglasses and a cap inside, spoke in a whisper, and took cell phone pictures of her. Deeply concerned, she arranged to work one-on-one with Cho, and asked him to go to counseling, but he apparently never went.

The website The Smoking Gun has obtained a copy of a play by Cho titled "Richard McBeef." The short play mentions graphic topics such as pedophilia, violence with chainsaws, and ends with the title character delivering "a deadly blow" to his thirteen year old stepson. Cho also wrote a second play, entitled "Mr. Brownstone"; the play is named after a Guns N' Roses song and contains lyrics copied verbatim from the song.

An unnamed professor who taught Cho characterized his work as "very adolescent" and "silly," with attempts at "slapstick comedy" and "elements of violence."

Preparation

Officials believe he used a 9 mm Glock 19 and a .22 caliber Walther P22 handgun. Cho purchased the 9 mm Glock 19 at Roanoke Firearms on March 13, 2007, and the .22-caliber handgun was purchased February 9 2007 at a pawnbroker in Blacksburg. In Virginia, permanent legal residents of the United States who are 21 years of age or older are eligible to purchase handguns provided they have not been convicted of any felonies or have other disqualifications. Both guns were found with their serial numbers filed off, federal law enforcement officials said. The owner of Roanoke Firearms was reported to have been 'devastated' when he heard news that one of his weapons was used in the incident. According to former FBI agent Brad Garrett, "This was no spur of the moment crime. He's been thinking about this for several months prior to the shooting."

It is not known what, if any, previous firearm experience or training Cho had completed before the massacre. It is not known where or how Cho obtained the chain with which he locked the doors at the stairway in the engineering classroom building.

One of the guns was used in both incidents. An official added that Cho was "heavily armed and wearing a vest."

Victims

This is a partial list and only includes victims who have been specifically named in the media.

First shooting: West Ambler Johnston Hall Dormitory

• Emily J. Hilscher

• Ryan Clark

Second shooting: Norris Hall Engineering Building

Students

• Ross Abdallah Alameddine
• Brian Bluhm
• Austin Cloyd
• Matthew Gwaltney
• Caitlin Hammaren
• Jeremy Herbstritt
• Rachael Elizabeth Hill
• Matthew La Porte

• Jarrett Lane
• Henry Lee
• Partahi Lombantoruan
• Minal Panchal
• Daniel Patrick O'Neil
• Juan Ramón Ortiz
• Daniel Pérez Cueva
• Erin Peterson

• Julia Pryde
• Mary Karen Read
• Reema Joseph Samaha
• Leslie Sherman
• Maxine Turner
• Lauren McCain
• Nicole White

Faculty

Timeline

All times are in Eastern Daylight Time (UTC-4).

Friday, February 9

Cho purchases a Walther P22 at a pawnshop in Blacksburg.

Tuesday, March 13

Cho purchases a 9 millimeter Glock 19 handgun and a 15 round magazine from Roanoke Firearms.

Monday, April 2 and Friday, April 13

On April 2 2007 a bomb threat to Torgersen Hall is called in anonymously. On April 13 2007 a bomb threat to Torgersen, Durham, and Whittemore Halls is also called in anonymously. An additional bomb threat, this time to engineering school buildings, was found at the shooting scene at Norris Hall. Virginia Tech police chief Wendell Flinchum has stated that the bomb threats are not linked to the April 16 2007 massacre. However a written bomb threat similar to the ones that were phoned in was found in Cho's dorm room.

Monday, April 16

• 7:15 a.m.: A 9-1-1 emergency call to Virginia Tech Police reports a shooting at West Ambler Johnston Hall, leaving one person dead and one injured. The second person later died.
• 7:30 a.m.: Investigators were following up on leads concerning a person of interest in relation to the double homicide. Investigators from VT PD and Blacksburg PD were actively following up on various leads. Meanwhile, Cho returns to his dorm room to re-load and leaves a "disturbing note."
• 8:00 a.m.: Classes begin.
• 8:25 a.m.: Virginia Tech leadership team meets to develop a plan on how to notify students of the homicide. Meanwhile, police stop the unidentified "person of interest" in a vehicle off-campus and detain him for questioning.
• 9:00 a.m.: Virginia Tech leadership team is briefed on the latest events in the ongoing dormitory homicide investigation.
• 9:05 a.m.: Cho seen in Norris Hall, an Engineering building. Cho chains the doors shut from the inside.
• 9:26 a.m.: E-mails go out to campus staff, faculty, and students saying there has been a shooting on campus (in reference to the Dorm shooting).
• 9:45 a.m.: Students in the engineering building Norris Hall call police to report more shots have been fired. Cho kills 30 more people before turning the gun on himself. Police have breached the barricaded doors, but the shooter is dead before police arrive.
• 9:50 a.m.: A second e-mail announcing: "A gunman is loose on campus. Stay in buildings until further notice. Stay away from all windows" is sent to all Virginia Tech email addresses. Loudspeakers broadcast a similar message.
• 10:17 a.m: A third e-mail cancels classes and advises people to stay where they are.
• 10:52 a.m.: A fourth e-mail warns of a multiple shooting with multiple victims in Norris Hall, saying the shooter has been arrested and that police are hunting for a possible second shooter. The entrances to the campus buildings are locked.
• 12:00 p.m.: At a press conference, authorities said there may have been more than 21 people killed and 28 injured.
• 12:42 p.m.: University President Charles Steger announces that police are releasing people from buildings and that counseling centers are being set up.
• 4:01 p.m.: President Bush speaks from the White House regarding the shooting.
• 7:30 p.m.: A final confirmation that there have been 31 deaths at Norris Hall, including the shooter. (mp3)

Tuesday, April 17

• 9:15 a.m.: Virginia Tech Police Department releases name of shooter as Cho Seung-Hui and confirms the death toll of 33.
• 9:30 a.m.: Virginia Tech announces that classes would be canceled "for the remainder of the week to allow students the time they need to grieve and seek assistance as needed."
• 2:00 p.m.: A convocation ceremony is held for the University community at the Cassell Coliseum. Speakers included (in order) Virginia Tech VP for Student Affairs Zenobia L. Hikes, Virginia Tech President Charles W. Steger, Virginia Governor Tim Kaine (who had returned from Japan), President George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush, as well as local religious leaders (representing the Muslim, Buddhist, Jewish, and Christian communities), Provost Dr. Mark G. McNamee, Dean of Students Tom Brown, Counselor Dr. Christopher Flynn, and poet and Professor Nikki Giovanni.
• 8:00 p.m.: A candlelight vigil is held on the University Drillfield

Wednesday, April 18

• 8:25 a.m.: A SWAT team enters Burress Hall, a campus building next to Norris Hall. No explanation is immediately available.

Responses to the incidents

University response

Virginia Tech cancelled classes for the rest of the week and closed Norris Hall for the remainder of the semester. The University is offering counseling assistance for students and faculty and held an assembly on Tuesday, April 17, 2007. Additionally, the Red Cross has dispatched several dozen crisis counselors to Blacksburg to help Virginia Tech students cope with the tragedy.

Virginia Tech President Charles Steger stated at the first news conference that authorities initially believed the first shooting at the West Ambler Johnston dormitory was a domestic dispute and that the shooter had left campus.

Steger indicated in a second press conference at around 5pm EDT on the day of the attack that several thousand students were already on their way to class:

You have to remember that of the 26,000 that we have, over 9,000 are on campus. When the classes start at 8:00 A.M., thousands of people are in transit. The question is, where do you keep them where it is most safe? We concluded that the incident at the dormitory was domestic in nature. These other events occurred two hours later.

Steger further noted:

It is very difficult, because we are an open society and an open campus. We have 26,000 people here. The best thing that we can do is to have people report anything that they saw that was suspicious. We obviously cannot have an armed guard in front of every classroom every day of the year. …What we try to determine is are they kept out of harm’s way by staying in the dorms or staying in the academic buildings. We send out communications by e-mail, we have an emergency alert system to get the word to our students as quickly as we can. With 11,000 people driving in to campus, it is extremely difficult if not impossible to get the word out instantaneously.

Student response

Some Virginia Tech students questioned why the University had not been locked down after the first shooting. After becoming aware of the incident, students communicated with their family and peers about their conditions, using telephones or social networking websites such as Facebook or MySpace. Many students created Facebook memorial pages for some of their fellow students. Fearing retribution from American students, Kim Min-kyung, a South Korean student at Virginia Tech, said South Korean students were gathering in groups "as it could be dangerous." Lee Seung-wook, head of Virginia Tech's Korean Student Association, said "I am worried about possible racial prejudices that this horrible incident may bring to Asians, especially Koreans".

Law enforcement response

After the second attack, the Virginia Tech Police, along with the Blacksburg Police Department, Montgomery County Sheriff's Office and the Virginia State Police immediately responded following their active shooter protocols. Local SWAT teams were activated and responded. In addition to the Virginia Tech campus police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation has joined the investigation. Bureau spokesman Richard Kolko stated there was no immediate evidence to suggest a terrorist incident, but that the agency is exploring all avenues. The Virginia State Police are also investigating. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) immediately responded to the incident with 10 agents on-scene identifying the weapons and performing forensics.

Government response

Virginia's U.S. Senators John Warner and Jim Webb have both offered their condolences. Virginia Governor Tim Kaine returned early from a trip to Tokyo, Japan and declared a "state of emergency" in Virginia, allowing the governor to immediately deploy state personnel, equipment, and other resources to help out in the aftermath of a tragedy.

On Monday, the U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate observed a moment of silence in remembrance of the victims. The Senate also approved a resolution on Monday night extending condolences to the victims of the shooting. Senate Judiciary Committee chairman Patrick Leahy postponed by two days the scheduled April 17 2007 testimony of Attorney General Alberto Gonzales concerning the firings of eight United States prosecutors. In a statement, Gonzales said that the Justice Department would provide support and assistance to the local authorities and victims as long as they were needed.

Immediately following the news of the tragedy, White House spokesman said President George W. Bush was horrified by the rampage and offered his prayers to the victims and the people of Virginia. In response to questioning, Deputy White House Press Secretary Dana Perino said, "The president believes that there is a right for people to bear arms, but that all laws must be followed." Bush also stated that the nation was "shocked and saddened" by the shooting. He added that "schools should be places of safety and sanctuary and learning. When that sanctuary is violated, the impact is felt in every American classroom and every American community." He also pledged assistance to law enforcement and the local community. President Bush and his wife Laura also attended the convocation at Virginia Tech on Tuesday. Bush ordered the White House flag lowered to half staff and requested all flags be so lowered until sundown on Sunday, April 22 2007.

Sporting tributes

The Washington Nationals, during their April 17 game against the Atlanta Braves, wore Virginia Tech baseball caps in memory of the victims.

Pre-game moments of silence were also held at several sporting events across the nation to mark the massacre.

International reaction

There was a widespread international response, including condolences and sympathy from many countries including officials in Australia, Canada, People's Republic of China, France, Germany, India, Iran, Japan, Mexico, the Philippines and the UK, as well as Pope Benedict XVI. The Secretary-General of the United Nations and former South Korean foreign minister Ban Ki-moon also offered condolences, condemning the massacre as "rampant killing of innocent citizens and children".

In the Republic of Korea, President Roh Moo-hyun expressed his deepest condolences, saying, "I was so shocked and it was so unthinkable, and I would like to express, on behalf of South Korean people, our deep condolences to the families of the innocent victims and to those who were injured" right after the Virginia news. After the further news that the killer was identified as a South Korean student, he again expressed South Koreans' sincerest condolences on Tuesday night (Korean time) to the victims and to their families, and to all US citizens. Their foreign minister, Song Min-soon, also mentioned that safety measures have been established for Koreans living in the US. He appeared to be referring to the possibility of reprisal attacks against Korean communities within the United States. A ministry official also stated that he hoped the shooting would not "stir up racial prejudice or confrontation."

Criminological classification

Cho Seung-hui was a spree killer. Spree killers kill on two or more different locations but within only a few hours or often just minutes, in contrast to serial killers who have cooling off periods of several days, and mass murderers, who stick to one location. The case is similiar to the University of Texas shooting of 1966, in which the perpetrator Charles Whitman firstly killed two persons - his mother and his wife - and ran amok after a significant pause.

The incident is the deadliest shooting on a college campus, exceeding the 16 deaths of the University of Texas shooting mentioned above. It is the second deadliest school-related killing in U.S. history, behind the 1927 Bath School disaster which claimed 45 lives, including 38 school children, through the use of explosives.

With a death toll of 32 victims plus the killer, this is the deadliest single-perpetrator civilian shooting in United States history, surpassing the Luby's massacre of 1991, in which 24 people were killed. Internationally, it is surpassed by the 1982 massacre of 57 South Koreans by off-duty police officer Woo Bum-Kon and the 1996 Port Arthur massacre in the Australian state of Tasmania where 35 people were killed by gunman Martin Bryant.

The shooting has been referred to as the "College Columbine", an allusion to the infamous April 20 school massacre in which two senior students killed 13 students and wounded another 24.

Gun control debate

The massacre reignited the gun control debate in the United States, with proponents of anti-gun legislation claiming guns are too accessible (and hence Cho acquired them and killed with relative ease) and proponents of gun rights and the 2nd Amendment claiming guns are not accessible enough (and hence none of Cho's victims were armed in the gun-free "safe zone", so none of them were able to prevent him from killing with relative ease).

Background

Law enforcement officials have described finding a purchase receipt for at least one of the guns used in the assault and note that permanent residents in Virginia may legally purchase firearms with proof of residency; in addition, Federal law requires a criminal background check for handgun purchases from licensed firearms dealers. Virginia has a one handgun per month policy, meaning that the shooter apparently waited one month after buying a .22 caliber before he could buy his second gun, a Glock 19.

Virginia Tech has a policy forbidding unauthorized possession or storage of firearms on campus, even by state licensed concealed weapons permit holders. This policy has been challenged in recent years. In April of 2005, a student licensed by the Commonwealth of Virginia to carry concealed weapons was discovered possessing a concealed firearm in class. While no criminal charges were filed, it is unknown what disciplinary action was taken by the school for violating Tech policy due to student confidentiality. University spokesman Larry Hincker, in response to challenges over the authority of the university to enforce such a policy, said "We think we have the right to adhere to and enforce that policy because, in the end, we think it's a common-sense policy for the protection of students, staff and faculty as well as guests and visitors."

Virginia bill HB 1572, intended to prohibit public universities from making "rules or regulations limiting or abridging the ability of a student who possesses a valid concealed handgun permit … from lawfully carrying a concealed handgun" was introduced into the Virginia House of Representatives by delegate Todd Gilbert. The university opposed the bill, which died in subcommittee in January of 2006. Spokesman Larry Hincker responded "I'm sure the university community is appreciative of the General Assembly's actions because this will help parents, students, faculty and visitors feel safe on our campus."

Prior to the shootings, Bradford B. Wiles, a graduate student at Virginia Tech, published an editorial in 2006 in the Roanoke Times calling for a change in Virginia Tech's policy prohibiting the carrying of licensed firearms.

Media response

The response to how gun control affected the massacre was predominantly split – while some believe the university's ban on students carrying concealed weapons contributed to the massacre as students were unable to defend themselves against the perpetrator, others believe that the United States', and Virginia's, relatively liberal gun control laws allowed the gunman to purchase the guns and ammunition that allowed the shootings to happen.

The Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence, an American gun control group, said that it was easy for an individual to get powerful weapons and called for "common-sense actions to prevent tragedies like this from continuing to occur". The New York Times ran an editorial calling for more gun control: "Yesterday’s mass shooting at Virginia Tech—the worst in American history—is another horrifying reminder that some of the gravest dangers Americans face come from killers at home armed with guns that are frighteningly easy to obtain." On the other side of the issue, the Conservative Voice contrasted the Virginia Tech massacre with the Appalachian School of Law shooting, which occurred in Virginia in 2002, and declared, "All the school shootings that have ended abruptly in the last ten years were stopped because a law-abiding citizen—a potential victim—had a gun."

The Washington Post described both sides of the gun control debate in an editorial, asking how and when the shooter obtained his weapons, but also asking if the tragedy would have occurred if Virginia law did not prohibit the carrying of lawfully concealed weapons on college campuses. After reviewing recent U.S. history regarding shootings, The Economist magazine concluded, "The Columbine killings of 1999 failed to provoke any shift in Americans’ attitudes to guns. There is no reason to believe that this massacre, or the next one, will do so either."

Virginia Governor Tim Kaine condemned this debate in the press and elsewhere as occurring at an inappropriate time. "People who want to take this within 24 hours of the event and use it as a political hobbyhorse -- I only have loathing for them," Gov. Kaine said during an evening press conference on April 17 2007. "To those who want to make this into some sort of crusade, I say take this elsewhere."

See also

• School shooting
• List of school massacres
• Gun politics in the United States

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82. "Virginia Tech Shooting Press Conference: 33 Dead, Anger, Questions". Post Chronicle. 2007-04-16. Retrieved 2007-04-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |Author= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
83. ^ Fox News. "Virginia Tech Campus Reels From Shooting That Leaves at Least 32 Dead". {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |access date= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
84. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18158063/
85. Korea Fears Prejudice with Shooting Link, from breitbart.com, accessed 2007-04-17
86. Korean student named gunman in U.S. massacre, JoongAng Daily, accessed 2007-04-17
87. The Red and Black, University of Georgia. "University students express shock in response to slayings at Va. Tech".
88. My Fox Washington DC. "Bush Calls Virginia Tech Shooting 'Terrible Tragedy'".
89. KWTX News. "Visibly Shaken Virginia Senator Says Shootings Have Touched The Nation". {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |access date= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
90. Governor declares state of emergency The Associated Press
91. "President Bush says shootings at Virginia Tech affect all students", WHDH-TV, April 16, 2007
92. Gonzales hearing postponed, SFGate.com, April 16, 2007
93. Gonzales offers support, CBS News, April 16, 2007
94. Press Briefing by Dana Perino, April 16, 2007
95. Sue Lindsey, AP writer. "Gunman kills 32 in Virginia Tech rampage".
96. Bush statement on VT shootings, White House, April 16, 2007
97. ^ Riechman, Deb (2007-04-17). "Bush to Speak at Virginia Tech Service". Forbes. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
98. "Nationals show support by sporting Virginia Tech caps". Associated Press. 2007-04-17. Retrieved 2007-04-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
99. Doorstop Interview – Lowood Show Hall – Lowood, Prime Minister of Australia Homepage, 2007-04-17.
100. "Harper expresses condolences to the families of the victims", April 16, 2007
101. Xinhua News Agency
102. France 3. April 17, 2007.
105. "Iran condemns Virginia shooting", Ministry of foreign affairs, Islamic Republic of Iran, April 17, 2007
106. Virginia governor, in Japan, says it's too early to blame school in shooting rampage, Mainichi Daily News, April 17, 2007
107. "Mexico condemns Virginia shootings"
108. "Arroyo expresses condolence over tragedy in Virginia Tech University". April 18, 2007.
109. "Blair's 'sadness' at US shootings", BBC News, April 17, 2007
110. Virginia Tech massacre "senseless tragedy" - Pope, Malaysia Star, April 17, 2007
111. "Korea fears prejudice with shooting link", Yahoo, April 17, 2007
112. "Korea fears prejudice with shooting link". Chron.com. April 17, 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); External link in |publisher= (help)
113. "'총기 난사' 범인, 한국교포학생 23세 조승희 (The killer is Cho Seung-hui, a South Korean)" (in Korean). Chosunilbo. April 17, 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); External link in |publisher= (help)
114. "Seoul expresses shock as gunman identified as Korean", ChannelNewsAsia.com, April 18, 2007
115. "Korea Fears Prejudice With Shooting Link", Associated Press via Breitbart.com, April 17, 2007
116. ^ These totals includes the murderer or murderers. In the University of Texas shooting, different sources claim 15, 16 or 17 victim deaths. In the Bath disaster, 44 were killed by the bombs, with the killer's wife beaten to death earlier.
117. "Editorial". The Recorder. Central Conneticut State University. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
118. "Gunman ID'd as student; tests tie same gun to both attacks". New York Newsday. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
119. "Shooter Identified as Cho Seung-Hui". ABC News. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
120. http://blogs.abcnews.com/theblotter/2007/04/first_gun_bough.html
121. Virginia Tech's ban on guns may draw legal fire
122. Gun bill gets shot down by panel
123. "Unarmed and vulnerable". The Roanoke Times. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
124. News Release: Nation Again Grieves Over A Tragedy Of Monumental Proportions, CNN, April 17.
125. Eight Years After Columbine, New York Times, April 17.
126. "Virginia Tech Shooting — Gun Bans Are The Problem, Not The Solution" by Ed Isler, The Conservative Voice, April 16, 2007, accessed April 17, 2007. Also "Second Amendment: designed for Virginia Tech" by Bryan Fischer, Renew America, April 17, 2007, accessed April 17, 2007.
127. A Killer in Blacksburg, Washington Post, April 17.
128. "Guns in America: After the massacre", The Economist, 17 April 2007
129. "Fairfax man identified as Tech shooter", The Washington Times, April 18, 2007, accessed April 18, 2007.

External links

Template:Wikinews2

• Statement by President Charles W. Steger of Virginia Tech (mp3 audio)
• Collegiate Times - Official Student Newspaper for Virginia Tech.
• Virginia shootings: The victims - BBC article including brief bios.
• Profiles of victims in Virginia Tech massacre - MSNBC
• Day of hell: Details emerge of campus carnage - Khaleej Times
• Video footage of the massacre

37°13′47″N 80°25′24″W / 37.22972°N 80.42333°W / 37.22972; -80.42333

• Current events
• Virginia Tech massacre