| Revision as of 13:10, 22 December 2024 editVbbanaz05 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users15,278 edits ←Created page with '{{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Battle of Zeytinburnu (1695) | partof = the Morean War | date = 18 September 1695 | place = Lesbos, Aegean Sea | result = Ottoman victory | combatant1 = Ottoman Empire | combatant2 = Republic of Venice | commander1 = Mezzomorto<br>Abdülkadir Pasha | commander2 = Girolamo Michele{{KIA}}<br>Giovanni Zeno{{KIA}}...' | Revision as of 15:31, 22 December 2024 edit undoVbbanaz05 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users15,278 editsNo edit summaryNext edit → | ||
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| == Beckground == | == Beckground == | ||
| ] was appointed as ] with the rank of Vizier on May 6, 1695 after defeating the ] fleet in the ] in February 1695 and succeeding in liberating ] from Venetian occupation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mezemorta-huseyin-pasa |title=Islam Encyclopedia, "Mezemorta Hüseyin Pasha" article, Turkish Religious Foundation, Ankara (2004), v.29. p.525 |access-date=September 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920235237/https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mezemorta-huseyin-pasa |archive-date=September 20, 2022}}</ref> Then, he was asked to assist the expedition planned by the commander-in-chief Mısırlızade İbrahim Pasha from the sea to retake ], which was also under Venetian occupation. | ] was appointed as ] with the rank of Vizier on May 6, 1695 after defeating the ] fleet in the ] in February 1695 and succeeding in liberating ] from Venetian occupation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mezemorta-huseyin-pasa |title=Islam Encyclopedia, "Mezemorta Hüseyin Pasha" article, Turkish Religious Foundation, Ankara (2004), v.29. p.525 |access-date=September 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920235237/https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mezemorta-huseyin-pasa |archive-date=September 20, 2022}}</ref> Then, he was asked to assist the expedition planned by the commander-in-chief Mısırlızade İbrahim Pasha from the sea to retake ], which was also under Venetian occupation. | ||
| On 18 June 1695, the ], which set out from ] to the ] again, was joined by the ships of the West Hearths (], ] and ]) in the port of ]. Afterwards, the galleys that brought the ] soldiers from ] also joined the fleet.<ref>"Mezzomorto", Zehra Orakçı, Fatih Sultan Mehmet University, Istanbul (2021), p.78-79</ref> | On 18 June 1695, the ], which set out from ] to the ] again, was joined by the ships of the West Hearths (], ] and ]) in the port of ]. Afterwards, the galleys that brought the ] soldiers from ] also joined the fleet.<ref>"Mezzomorto", Zehra Orakçı, Fatih Sultan Mehmet University, Istanbul (2021), p.78-79</ref> | ||
Revision as of 15:31, 22 December 2024
| Battle of Zeytinburnu (1695) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Morean War | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Ottoman Empire | Republic of Venice | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Mezzomorto Abdülkadir Pasha |
Girolamo Michele † Giovanni Zeno † | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 33 galleon |
33 galleon 6 barge | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 300 killed and wounded | 5,000 killed and wounded | ||||||
The Battle of Zeytinburnu was a battle in 1695 in which the Ottoman fleet under the command of Mezzomorto inflicted a heavy defeat on the fleet of the Republic of Venice off the coast of Lesbos in September 1695.
Beckground
Mezzomorto was appointed as Kapudan Pasha with the rank of Vizier on May 6, 1695 after defeating the Venice fleet in the Oinousses Islands in February 1695 and succeeding in liberating Chios from Venetian occupation. Then, he was asked to assist the expedition planned by the commander-in-chief Mısırlızade İbrahim Pasha from the sea to retake Morea, which was also under Venetian occupation.
On 18 June 1695, the Ottoman fleet, which set out from Istanbul to the Aegean Sea again, was joined by the ships of the West Hearths (Regency of Algiers, Ottoman Tunisia and Ottoman Tripolitania) in the port of Foça. Afterwards, the galleys that brought the Ottoman Egypt soldiers from Rhodes also joined the fleet.
Upon learning that the 73-piece Venice fleet, consisting of 34 drawers, 6 barges and 33 galleons, was near the island of Andros, Mezzomorto also advanced with the fleet to the vicinity of Psara. After the Venice fleet arrived near Samos, the Ottoman navy headed back to the Western Anatolia coast on September 12, and on September 15, the two fleets met south of Chios. After mutual cannon fire, the Ottoman fleet, which was able to withdraw from the (Aegean Sea) Strait to Lesbos, anchored at Karaburun. While the parties did not lose any ships in this conflict, the Venetian fleet lost 39 dead and 88 wounded.
Battle
Mezzomorto decided to attack the Venice navy and came to the coast of Lesbos with 33 galleons. He sent 4 galleons against the çektiri fleet of the Venetians. He divided the others into three and gave them the captain, the boss and the riale captains and advanced against the Venetian navy. The Venetian fleet initially avoided communication and withdrew to the coast of Zeytinburnu near the Gulf of Gera on Lesbos. Despite this, the two fleets met on September 18.
Although the Venetian fleet showed strong resistance at the beginning of the battle, the sinking of the captain's galleon named Battista Piccolo with 231 crew and soldiers after being hit by its ammunition at around 5:00 pm changed the course of the battle. Taking advantage of the chaos that emerged in the Venetian fleet when the fire on the sunken ship spread to the Redentore galleon and was out of the fight, Mezzomorto increased the intensity of his attack. While 10 galleys of the Venetian fleet were severely damaged and were out of action, 3 of its ships (1 galley and a galley) were captured by the Algeria and Tripoli fleets fighting in the Ottoman fleet (these ships were later brought to Istanbul). The Venetian fleet, which suffered great losses, suffered 5,000 casualties, including Second Admiral Girolamo Michele and former Admiral Giovanni Zeno.
While the Venice fleet was retreating from Lesbos to Bademli on the Anatolian coast, three of its damaged galleys sank and some were scattered in the storm that broke out on 19-20 September.
Aftermath
The Venice fleet tried to gather in Agios Efstratios and Skyros. Lord Contarini was also able to reach Skyros on September 27. The Venetian fleet, which left here on September 28, gathered in its main base in Morea, Nafplion, between October 1 and 4.
The Ottoman navy returned to Istanbul, while Mezzomorto stayed in the Dardanelles Strait with çektiris for a while, then reached the capital on October 22 and was congratulated by the Sultan Mustafa II.
Referendes
- "Chios", J.H. Mordtmann, Istanbul (1967), v.10, p.94
- "Islam Encyclopedia, "Mezemorta Hüseyin Pasha" article, Turkish Religious Foundation, Ankara (2004), v.29. p.525". Archived from the original on September 20, 2022. Retrieved September 21, 2022.
- "Mezzomorto", Zehra Orakçı, Fatih Sultan Mehmet University, Istanbul (2021), p.78-79
- "Ottoman", İbrahim Sarı, Nokta Kitap (2016), p.114
- "Naval wars in the Levant, 1559-1853", R.C. Anderson, Princeton University Press (1952), p.221-222
- "Great Ottoman History", Joseph von Hammer, v.12, p.238
- "Nusretnâme", Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, p.199