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| ] in ] supporting the ].|219x219px]] | ] in ] supporting the ].|219x219px]] | ||
| ] has represented ] and ] |
] has represented ] and ] currents since 1946.]] | ||
| ] (2012).]] | ] (2012).]] | ||
| The '''] in France''' includes organizations and political |
The '''] in France''' includes organizations and political sensibilities considered to be the furthest left on the political spectrum.<ref>According to ] ('']'', {{p.|20}}), the term describes "all movements situated to the left of the Communist Party."</ref>{{,}}<ref>], ''L'Extrême gauche'', {{p.|9}}: The term "far left" refers to groups and organizations to the left of the two main currents of the French left, namely social democracy (PS, Greens, PRG) and the Communist Party. Unlike these parties, and certain trends of the "radical left" (alter-globalism, José Bové), which advocate a reformist ideology for managing capitalism, far-left organizations promote overthrowing capitalism through revolution.</ref> Historically, the far left encompasses revolutionary left movements as opposed to reformist left represented by the ] and the ].<ref>Roland Biard, ''Dictionnaire de l'extrême-gauche de 1945 à nos jours'', Belfond, 1978.</ref> Revolutionaries advocate for the abolition of ] and the establishment of an ]. Today, the French far left includes ] (including ], ], and ]), ] (including ], ], ], or ]). Political currents identified as far left often reject this label, arguing that the term originates from parliamentary seating arrangements, which some revolutionary currents reject. | ||
| == History == | == History == | ||
| === Origins === | === Origins === | ||
| The origins of the far |
The origins of the French far left trace back to the ],<ref>Christine Pina, ''L’extrême gauche en Europe, Paris, Les études de la Documentation française'', 2005.</ref> particularly to ], a French revolutionary who envisioned a ] and founded the "]" in 1796—a plot to overthrow the ] to establish "perfect equality." These ideas were articulated in the ''Manifesto of the Equals,'' co-written by ] and Babeuf. | ||
| == |
=== 19th Century === | ||
| In the early 19th century, revolutionaries were primarily republicans opposed to ] and later the restoration of the monarchy. Within republican circles, ] and ] ideas began to emerge in the 1830s and 1840s. The doctrine of "Babouvism," developed by Babeuf, inspired small groups of revolutionaries called "neo-Babouvists."<ref>{{Ouvrage|prénom1=Varda|nom1=Furman|prénom2=Francis|nom2=Démier|directeur2=oui|titre=Louis Blanc, un socialiste en république|éditeur=Creaphis éditions|année=2005|pages totales=224|passage=197-|isbn=|lire en ligne=https://books.google.fr/books?id=t7DHjLBjeYcC&printsec=frontcover|titre chapitre=Association et organisation du travail. Points de rencontre entre les néo-babouvistes français et belges et Louis Blanc}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Ouvrage|prénom1=Alain|nom1=Maillard|directeur2=oui|titre=Présence de Babeuf : lumières, révolution, communisme : actes du colloque international Babeuf, Amiens, les 7, 8 et 9 décembre 1989|éditeur=Publications de la Sorbonne|année=1994|pages totales=334|passage=261-280|isbn=|lire en ligne=https://books.google.fr/books?id=QONJnBrC1lkC&printsec=frontcover|titre chapitre=De Babeuf au babouvisme : Réceptions et appropriations de Babeuf aux XIX{{e}} et XX{{e}} siècles}}</ref>. Babouvism is regarded as a precursor to ], which was later theorized by figures such as ], ],<ref>{{Ouvrage|auteur1=Karl Marx|titre=Sur la Révolution française|éditeur=Éditions sociales|lieu=Paris|année=1985|passage=91|isbn=|titre chapitre=La critique moralisante et la morale critique...}}</ref> and ], who described Babeuf as the first revolutionary to oppose ].<ref>{{Ouvrage|auteur1=Michèle Ressi|titre=L'Histoire de France en 1 000 citations|sous-titre=Des origines à nos jours|année=2011|pages totales=519|passage=258|isbn=|lire en ligne=https://books.google.fr/books?id=u81X643HASAC&dq=le+premier+pr%C3%A9curseur+des+soul%C3%A8vements+r%C3%A9volutionnaires+du+prol%C3%A9tariat|éditeur=Éditions Eyrolles}}.</ref> The ideas of ], ], and ] gained traction after the ] and culminated in the ] of 1871. Two revolutionary currents emerged under the ]: the ] and the ] traditions. By 1895, anarchism evolved into ] and ], with anarchists joining the ]. | |||
| ⚫ | {{Reflist}} | ||
| == |
=== 20th and 21st Centuries === | ||
| == See Also == | |||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{Politics of France}} | |||
| ⚫ | {{Reflist}} | ||
| {{Communism sidebar}} | |||
| == External Links == | |||
| ] | |||
| {{Commonscat|Far-left politics in France}} | |||
| {{Portail|politics|France|history}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 12:48, 24 December 2024
The far left in France includes organizations and political sensibilities considered to be the furthest left on the political spectrum. · Historically, the far left encompasses revolutionary left movements as opposed to reformist left represented by the PCF and the SFIO. Revolutionaries advocate for the abolition of capitalism and the establishment of an egalitarian society. Today, the French far left includes communists (including Trotskyists, council communists, and Maoists), anarchists (including libertarian communists, anarcho-syndicalists, communalists, or autonomists). Political currents identified as far left often reject this label, arguing that the term originates from parliamentary seating arrangements, which some revolutionary currents reject.
History
Origins
The origins of the French far left trace back to the French Revolution, particularly to Gracchus Babeuf, a French revolutionary who envisioned a classless society and founded the "Conspiracy of the Equals" in 1796—a plot to overthrow the Directory to establish "perfect equality." These ideas were articulated in the Manifesto of the Equals, co-written by Sylvain Maréchal and Babeuf.
19th Century
In the early 19th century, revolutionaries were primarily republicans opposed to Napoleon I and later the restoration of the monarchy. Within republican circles, socialist and communist ideas began to emerge in the 1830s and 1840s. The doctrine of "Babouvism," developed by Babeuf, inspired small groups of revolutionaries called "neo-Babouvists." · . Babouvism is regarded as a precursor to communism, which was later theorized by figures such as Friedrich Engels, Karl Marx, and Rosa Luxemburg, who described Babeuf as the first revolutionary to oppose capitalism. The ideas of Karl Marx, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, and Auguste Blanqui gained traction after the French Revolution of 1848 and culminated in the Paris Commune of 1871. Two revolutionary currents emerged under the French Third Republic: the Marxist and the anarchist traditions. By 1895, anarchism evolved into anarcho-syndicalism and revolutionary syndicalism, with anarchists joining the CGT.
20th and 21st Centuries
See Also
References
- According to Serge Cosseron (Dictionnaire de l'extrême gauche, p. 20), the term describes "all movements situated to the left of the Communist Party."
- Olivier Piot, L'Extrême gauche, p. 9: The term "far left" refers to groups and organizations to the left of the two main currents of the French left, namely social democracy (PS, Greens, PRG) and the Communist Party. Unlike these parties, and certain trends of the "radical left" (alter-globalism, José Bové), which advocate a reformist ideology for managing capitalism, far-left organizations promote overthrowing capitalism through revolution.
- Roland Biard, Dictionnaire de l'extrême-gauche de 1945 à nos jours, Belfond, 1978.
- Christine Pina, L’extrême gauche en Europe, Paris, Les études de la Documentation française, 2005.
- Furman, Varda; Démier, Francis (2005). "Association et organisation du travail. Points de rencontre entre les néo-babouvistes français et belges et Louis Blanc". Louis Blanc, un socialiste en république. Creaphis éditions. p. 197-.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|directeur2=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|pages totales=ignored (help) - Maillard, Alain (1994). "De Babeuf au babouvisme : Réceptions et appropriations de Babeuf aux XIX et XX siècles". Présence de Babeuf : lumières, révolution, communisme : actes du colloque international Babeuf, Amiens, les 7, 8 et 9 décembre 1989. Publications de la Sorbonne. p. 261-280.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|directeur2=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|pages totales=ignored (help) - Karl Marx (1985). "La critique moralisante et la morale critique...". Sur la Révolution française. Paris: Éditions sociales. p. 91.
- Michèle Ressi (2011). L'Histoire de France en 1 000 citations: Des origines à nos jours. Éditions Eyrolles. p. 258.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|pages totales=ignored (help).
