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| ===Homoleptic complexes=== | ===Homoleptic complexes=== | ||
| Only a few homoleptic hydroxide complexes are known: {{chem2|(2-)}},<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1107/S0567740882006311 |title=Ammonium hexahydroxoplatinat(IV) und Strukturverfeinerung für Kalium-hexahydroxoplatinat(IV) |date=1982 |last1=Bandel |first1=G. |last2=Platte |first2=C. |last3=Trömel |first3=M. |journal=Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=1544–1546 }}</ref> {{chem2|(2-), and (2-)}}.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1021/cm101490w |title=Hydroxometalates from Anion Exchange Reactions of [BF<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup> based Ionic Liquids: Formation of [M(OH)<sub>6</sub>)]<sup>2−</sup> (M = Ti, Zr) and [Zr(OH)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>−</sup> |date=2010 |last1=Lin |first1=Hechun |last2=De Oliveira |first2=Peter W. |last3=Huch |first3=Volker |last4=Veith |first4=Michael |journal=Chemistry of Materials |volume=22 |issue=24 |pages=6518–6523 }}</ref> | Only a few homoleptic hydroxide complexes are known: {{chem2|(2-)}},<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1107/S0567740882006311 |title=Ammonium hexahydroxoplatinat(IV) und Strukturverfeinerung für Kalium-hexahydroxoplatinat(IV) |date=1982 |last1=Bandel |first1=G. |last2=Platte |first2=C. |last3=Trömel |first3=M. |journal=Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=1544–1546 }}</ref> {{chem2|(2-), and (2-)}}.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1021/cm101490w |title=Hydroxometalates from Anion Exchange Reactions of [BF<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup> based Ionic Liquids: Formation of [M(OH)<sub>6</sub>)]<sup>2−</sup> (M = Ti, Zr) and [Zr(OH)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>−</sup> |date=2010 |last1=Lin |first1=Hechun |last2=De Oliveira |first2=Peter W. |last3=Huch |first3=Volker |last4=Veith |first4=Michael |journal=Chemistry of Materials |volume=22 |issue=24 |pages=6518–6523 }}</ref> | ||
| ===Mixed ligand complexes=== | |||
| Many complexes are known where hydroxide shares the coordination sphere with other ligands. One pair of such complexes are {<sub>2</sub>(mu-OH)<sub>3</sub>}<sup>3+</sup> and its derivative {<sub>2</sub>(mu-OH)<sub>2</sub>}<sup>4+</sup>.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/9780470132548.ch21 |title=μ-Carboxylatodi-μ-Hydroxo-Bis[Triamminecobalt(III)] Complexes |journal=Inorganic Syntheses |year=1985 |last1=Wieghardt |first1=K. |last2=Siebert |first2=H. |volume=23 |pages=107–116}}</ref> | |||
| ==Reactions== | ==Reactions== | ||
Revision as of 19:47, 11 January 2025
Transition metal hydroxide complexes are a large family of coordination complexes containing hydroxide (OH) as a ligand. The inventory is very large.
Representative complexes
Homoleptic complexes
Only a few homoleptic hydroxide complexes are known: [Pt(OH)6], [Ti(OH)6], and [Zr(OH)8(mu−OH)2].
Mixed ligand complexes
Many complexes are known where hydroxide shares the coordination sphere with other ligands. One pair of such complexes are {2(mu-OH)3} and its derivative {2(mu-OH)2}.
Reactions
Prominent reactions of metal hydroxides are their acid-base behavior. Protonation of metal hydroxides gives aquo complexes:
- LnM−OH + H ⇌ LnM−OH+2
In principle but not very commonly, metal hydroxides undergo deprotonation, yielding oxo complexes:
- LnM−OH ⇌ LnM=O +H
Characteristically, hydroxide ligands are compact and basic. They tend to function as bridging ligands. One manifestation of this property is the preponderance of di-and polymetallic hydroxide complexes. A practical consequence of this feature is the tendency of metal aquo complexes to form precipitates of meta hydroxides.
The hydroxo ligand is a nucleophile. This behavior is relevant to their role in enzymology. In carbonic anhydrase, a zinc hydroxide binds carbon dioxide:
- LnM−OH + CO2 ⇌ LnMO−O−CO2H
References
- Bandel, G.; Platte, C.; Trömel, M. (1982). "Ammonium hexahydroxoplatinat(IV) und Strukturverfeinerung für Kalium-hexahydroxoplatinat(IV)". Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 38 (5): 1544–1546. doi:10.1107/S0567740882006311.
- Lin, Hechun; De Oliveira, Peter W.; Huch, Volker; Veith, Michael (2010). "Hydroxometalates from Anion Exchange Reactions of [BF4] based Ionic Liquids: Formation of [M(OH)6)] (M = Ti, Zr) and [Zr(OH)5]". Chemistry of Materials. 22 (24): 6518–6523. doi:10.1021/cm101490w.
- Wieghardt, K.; Siebert, H. (1985). "μ-Carboxylatodi-μ-Hydroxo-Bis[Triamminecobalt(III)] Complexes". Inorganic Syntheses. 23: 107–116. doi:10.1002/9780470132548.ch21.