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| :''This article is about '''declarations of independence''' in general. Specific declarations of independence are listed below in chronological order.'' | |||
| A '''declaration of independence''' is an assertion of the ] of an aspiring ] or states. Such states are usually formed from part or all of the ] of another nation or failed nation, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state. | |||
| Declarations of independence are typically made without the consent of the parent state, and hence are sometimes called '''unilateral declarations of independence''' (UDI), particularly by those who question the declarations' validity. | |||
| ==List of declarations of independence== | |||
| ===A=== | |||
| *''']''' (], 1320) - The first known formal declaration of independence, in which Scottish leaders declared Scotland's independence from ] on behalf of the Scottish people. | |||
| *''']''' (1816) - Adopted on ], ] by the United Provinces of South America at the ]. | |||
| ===B=== | |||
| *''']''' (1971) - ] (East Pakistan) declared independence from the ] in 1971. Pakistan sent its military and brutally killed liberation fighters (Mukti Bahini). India supported the Mukti Bahini who fought against West Pakistan's military for nine months and this eventually led to the 1971 Indo-Pak War, a result of which ] gained independence and was recognised as a country by the world within a year. | |||
| *''']''' (1822) - ] was declared independent from ] on ] by then regent Pedro de Bragança e Bourbon, who was then crowned ]. | |||
| ===C=== | |||
| *''']''' (1821) - Signed on ], ] by the representatives of all ]n states, which conform the modern-day countries of ], ], ], ] and ]. | |||
| ===D === | |||
| *''']''' (1844) - The Dominican Republic declared independence from Haiti, its neighbor on the island of Hispaniola. The date traditionally named the Dominican Republic's independence day is ], ]. | |||
| ===E=== | |||
| *''']''' (1975) - ], formerly ], declared independence from Portugal on ]. The declaration was recognized by several Communist (]) and ] nations, including the ], but not by neighboring ], ] or ]. Indonesia invaded on ], ], and annexed East Timor as its 'twenty-seventh province' on ], ]. | |||
| ===F=== | |||
| *''']''' (1917) - ] declared its independence from ] shortly after the ], on ]. | |||
| ===G=== | |||
| *''']''' (1973) - ], formerly Portuguese Guinea, declared independence from ] in 1973. The declaration was recognized by many countries. Portugal formally granted independence in 1974. | |||
| ===H=== | |||
| *''']''' (1804) - On ], ], ] declared ] a free republic and joined the United States as the second independent nation in the Western Hemisphere. | |||
| *''']''' (1849) - ] declared independence from the ] and deposed the ] on ], ]. The Hungarian Revolution was later suppressed with Russian help and the country gained full independence only after World War I on ] ]. | |||
| ===I=== | |||
| *''']''' (1944) - ] declared its independence from ], following a ] of the local population, on ], ]. The Danish ], whose country was under ] at the time, had urged Iceland to wait until the end of the war before making any such move but otherwise did nothing to prevent it (and was unable to do so in any case as Iceland was under U.S. ]). | |||
| *''']''' (1947) - ] declared independence from the ] on ] ]. | |||
| *''']''' (1945) - ] declared independence from the ] on ], ]. Its independence was soon recognized by the ] and ], but not by the Netherlands until 1949. | |||
| *''']''' (], 1916) - During the ] in ] Irish rebels proclaimed, on behalf of the Irish people, the establishment of an independent Irish republic. Unlike the later Declaration of Independence of 1919, the Proclamation of the Republic was not issued by an elected body and was not followed by the establishment of any ''de facto'' political institutions. | |||
| *''']''' (1919) - The ], encompassing the whole island of ], was declared by ] (a revolutionary parliament setup by the vast majority of elected representatives of Ireland) in 1919. By the declaration the Dáil ratified the earlier Easter Proclamation. The new Irish Republic was recognized by no country except the ] and was rivaled by the administration of the ] during the ]. It was superseded by the ] in 1922. | |||
| *''']''' - The declaration was made on ], ] (the day in which the British Mandate over Palestine expired) by the ]. | |||
| ===K=== | |||
| *''']''' (1960) - ], a former a province of the ], attempted to secede by means of a Declaration of Independence in 1960, when Congo was granted its independence. The attempted secession was ended by the implementation of the ] supervised ] in January 1963. | |||
| *''']''' (1919) - ] declared independence from ] on ], ]. Japanese government brutally cracked down the ]. Leaders of the movement fled to Shanghai of China and founded ]. | |||
| ===L=== | |||
| *''']''' (1918) - On ], ] the council signed the ] and declared ] reestablishing an independent state based on ] principles. The council also managed to establish the proclaimed independence even though ] were present in the country till the fall of 1918. The council continued its work until the ] ({{lang-lt|Steigiamasis Seimas}}) first met on ], ]. | |||
| *''']''' (1990) - ] became the first ] to declare its independence from the ] on ], ]. The Act relied on the ], adopted in 1918, as its legal basis. Lithuania was internationally recognized in 1991. | |||
| *''']''' (], 1581) - The ''Plakkaat van Verlatinghe'' was the formal declaration of independence on ], ] of the northern ] from ] of ]. | |||
| ===N=== | |||
| *''']''' (1835) - This was a declaration of the independence of the ] tribes. | |||
| *Alleged '']'' (], ] in North Carolina) is not regarded as authentic. | |||
| ===P=== | |||
| *''']''' (1988) - The ] proclaimed the ] in 1988. The PLO had no control of any territory at the time and a ''de facto'' state has yet to come into existence. | |||
| *''']''' (1898) - The ] was declared independent from ] by ] on ], ] when the ] was still under way. However, neither Spain nor the United States recognized the declaration. Official Philippine independence was finally granted by the American Congress on ], ] after 48 years of United States colonial rule. | |||
| ===R=== | |||
| *''']''' (1965) - ]'s white minority government declared independence from the ] on ] ]. Few states accepted this declaration's legitimacy. The UDI Rhodesian state was ultimately replaced under the ] by a restored British regime under a governor: ]. Within a short time, a new, much more widely recognized independent state, ], came into existence. | |||
| ===S=== | |||
| *''']''' (1991) - With Somalia sliding down into total anarchy, the former colony of ], which became a ] of the newly independent Somalia in 1960, reasserted its independence. Despite the non-recognition of ] by the international community, Somaliland has enjoyed stability and economic growth. | |||
| *''']''' - On adopting the 1996 constitution , the government of South Africa declared that the people of South Africa did not have to ask the ] to pass legislation to make the new constitution legal . (''See also'' ] and ].) | |||
| *''']''' (1860)- The State of South Carolina reclaimed its sovereignty as a fully independent state by withdrawing from the United States. Its secession ordinance is an analogue, and cites, the Declaration of Independence of 1776 to which it was a signatory. Georgia, Mississippi, Texas and the southern part of Arizona issued similar documents in 1861. | |||
| *''']''' (1999) - broadcast over regional radio in the early hours of ] ]. | |||
| ===T=== | |||
| *''']''' (1836) - ] declared its independence from ] as the ]. | |||
| *''']''' (1983) - The ] was proclaimed in northern ] in 1983. The area had been occupied by Turkish forces since a Turkish invasion in 1974. The state has only received international recognition from ] and the ] of ]. | |||
| ===U=== | |||
| *''']''' (], ]) - Made by the United Colonies of North America, which would later create the ]. | |||
| ===V=== | |||
| *''']''' (1945) - proclaimed by ] in ] on ], 1945 | |||
| Self-declared states since 1990 include: ''']''', ''']''', ''']''', ''']''', ''']''', and ''']'''. | |||
| ==Independence without a declaration== | |||
| {{unreferenced|date=April 2007}} | |||
| In many cases, independence is achieved without a declaration of independence but instead occurs by bilateral agreement. An example of this is the independence of many components of the ], most parts of which achieved independence through negotiation with the United Kingdom government. ] and ], for example, achieved full independence through a series of acts of the respective national ]s of the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada. | |||
| One notable example of self-government in the absence of a formal declaration of independence is ], which is administered by the ] (ROC). The ] (PRC) has stated that a formal declaration that Taiwan is independent of China would be one of the conditions under which it would use force against Taiwan. | |||
| The ] remains controversial; the position of many advocates of ] has been that since Taiwan has never been a part of the PRC, and the governing institutions of the ROC function as an independent and sovereign state and there is no need to formally declare Taiwan to be independent. However, opponents of Taiwan independence and supporters of ] on Taiwan, also see no point in a declaration of independence in that they argue that Taiwan is and should be part of a greater cultural entity known as ], and a new proposed "]" would only bring about a change in name at the cost of an invasion of Taiwan, which it could not afford. | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 19:56, 16 May 2007
eat a pussy id you want to!