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| The '''1985 Rajneeshee assassination plot''' was a ] by |
The '''1985 Rajneeshee assassination plot''' was a ] by members of the administrative staff of ]'s (Osho's) American commune ] to ] ], the then-] for the ]. Rajneesh's personal secretary ], who had overall charge of the commune, assembled the group of conspirators after Turner was appointed to investigate illegal activity at ]. Turner headed an investigation into the ] in ], and also investigated charges of ], ] and ]s. | ||
| The conspirators included: Sally-Anne Croft, ] of Rajneeshpuram; Susan Hagan, head of security at Rajneeshpuram, Catherine Jane Stork, who bought weapons and silencers and volunteered to be the actual murderer; Phyllis McCarthy, fourth-in-command of Rajneeshpuram; and co-conspirators Alma Potter and Richard Langford. The conspirators obtained false identification to purchase handguns out-of-state, stalked Turner, and planned to murder him near his workplace in ]. The assassination plot was never carried out and was only discovered later, as a result of the investigation by federal law enforcement into the ] attack in The Dalles and other illegal acts by the Rajneeshpuram leadership. | The conspirators included: Sally-Anne Croft, ] of Rajneeshpuram; Susan Hagan, head of security at Rajneeshpuram, Catherine Jane Stork, who bought weapons and silencers and volunteered to be the actual murderer; Phyllis McCarthy, fourth-in-command of Rajneeshpuram; and co-conspirators Alma Potter and Richard Langford. The conspirators obtained false identification to purchase handguns out-of-state, stalked Turner, and planned to murder him near his workplace in ]. The assassination plot was never carried out and was only discovered later, as a result of the investigation by federal law enforcement into the ] attack in The Dalles and other illegal acts by the Rajneeshpuram leadership. | ||
Revision as of 21:16, 15 April 2009
| 1985 Rajneeshee assassination plot | |
|---|---|
 The Gus J. Solomon United States Courthouse in Portland. | |
| Location | Portland, Oregon  United States |
| Coordinates | 45°30′57″N 122°40′35″W / 45.51583°N 122.67639°W / 45.51583; -122.67639 |
| Date | 1985 |
| Target | United States Attorney for the District of Oregon |
| Attack type | Conspiracy to commit assassination |
| Weapons | Pistols, handguns |
| Perpetrators | Ma Anand Sheela, Alma Potter, Sally-Anne Croft, Susan Hagan, Phyllis McCarthy, Catherine Jane Stork, Richard Langford |
The 1985 Rajneeshee assassination plot was a conspiracy by members of the administrative staff of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh's (Osho's) American commune Rajneeshpuram to assassinate Charles Turner, the then-United States Attorney for the District of Oregon. Rajneesh's personal secretary Ma Anand Sheela, who had overall charge of the commune, assembled the group of conspirators after Turner was appointed to investigate illegal activity at Rajneeshpuram. Turner headed an investigation into the 1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack in The Dalles, Oregon, and also investigated charges of wiretapping, immigration fraud and sham marriages.
The conspirators included: Sally-Anne Croft, Chief Financial Officer of Rajneeshpuram; Susan Hagan, head of security at Rajneeshpuram, Catherine Jane Stork, who bought weapons and silencers and volunteered to be the actual murderer; Phyllis McCarthy, fourth-in-command of Rajneeshpuram; and co-conspirators Alma Potter and Richard Langford. The conspirators obtained false identification to purchase handguns out-of-state, stalked Turner, and planned to murder him near his workplace in Portland, Oregon. The assassination plot was never carried out and was only discovered later, as a result of the investigation by federal law enforcement into the bioterror attack in The Dalles and other illegal acts by the Rajneeshpuram leadership.
Prosecution of the conspirators began in 1990, when a federal grand jury brought indictments against several of the key players. Some had fled the country, and extradition proceedings against the perpetrators and subsequent prosecution and conviction was not completed for sixteen years. The final conspirator was convicted in 2006, when Catherine Jane Stork agreed to return to the United States from Germany in order to be allowed to visit her ill son in Australia. The perpetrators received sentences ranging from five years probation to five years in federal prison. Rajneesh was not prosecuted in relation to this conspiracy, and left the United States after pleading guilty to immigration fraud and agreeing not to reenter the country without permission from the United States Attorney General.
Planning
Hit list
Seven Rajneeshees, or followers of charismatic leader Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh (now known as Osho), were convicted of a 1985 conspiracy to assassinate Charles Turner. Prosecutors in the case stated that the perpetrators had planned to murder Turner after he was appointed to head an investigation into the group's activities in Rajneeshpuram, Oregon. Turner's investigation focused on sham marriages organized by the group, as well as other illegal activities including wiretapping, immigration fraud, and the 1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack in The Dalles, Oregon. Oregon Attorney General Dave Frohnmayer was also involved in investigations of the group, working alongside Turner.
In May 1985, Rajneesh's personal secretary and second-in-command, Ma Anand Sheela, gathered the leader's key followers and formed a group of conspirators in order to plan the assassination of Turner, as well as several dissidents among their organization. Sheela stated that Turner's grand jury investigation "threatened the existence of the commune", and exposed Rajneesh and several of his disciples to criminal prosecution. Three former leaders of the commune including Ma Anand Sheela, Anand Puja, a registered nurse from the Philippines who managed the Rajneeshee medical corporation, and former treasurer of Rajneesh Foundation International and Shanti Bhadra of Australia, put together a hit list which included U.S. Attorney Charles Turner and Oregon Attorney General David Frohnmayer.
Other conspirators in the assassination plot included Yoga Vidya, president of the Rajneesh commune, and Dhyan Yogini, Ma Anand Sheela's bodyguard and traveling companion. Yogini was manager of the Hotel Rajneesh in Portland, Oregon, and a member of the commune's security force. The Oregonian reported that nine people were on the hit list, including: Turner, Frohnmayer, former assistant attorney general Karen H. Green, Wasco County planning director Daniel C. Durow, Wasco County commissioner James L. Comini, investigative journalist for The Oregonian Leslie L. Zaitz, Helen C. Byron, who had been awarded US$1.7 million in a lawsuit against Rajneesh Foundation International, her daughter Barbara J. Byron, and an unnamed ninth potential victim.
Weapons
Catherine Jane Stork volunteered to be the follower who would actually murder Turner, and bought guns and silencers. Stork was known to fellow followers as Ma Shanti Bhadra, and was also one of the three "Big Mammas" in Rajneeshpuram. Sally-Anne Croft (known by followers as Ma Prem Savita), an accountant and the group's Chief Financial Officer, provided money for the purchase of weapons related to the plot. Susan Hagan, a top official in the Rajneeshpuram hierarchy, was also a participant in the assassination conspiracy. Hagan was in charge of the security force at Rajneeshpuram, ran the Rajneesh Investment Corporation, and supervised construction on the commune. Rajneesh follower Carol Matthews used a fake name during the planning of the assassination plot, in an attempt to obtain the home address of Charles Turner.
Ma Anand Sheela and three other Rajneesh followers traveled to New York in the spring of 1985 to acquire false identification. Two members of the group then traveled to Texas to purchase handguns. They purchased five guns in Texas, but encountered difficulty purchasing handguns in Texas with out-of-state identification and traveled to New Mexico instead. In New Mexico, they obtained false identification, and purchased several pistols. Their intention was to purchase guns which were difficult to trace.
Surveillance
After obtaining guns the conspirators returned to Portland, Oregon. They rented out an apartment in Portland to serve as their base of operations for the assassination of Turner. Members of the group of conspirators watched Turner's office, home and car, and discussed methods to assassinate him, hoping that his death would hinder the efforts of the federal investigation into Rajneeshpuram. Their plan was to shoot Turner in the garage of the federal office building where he worked, in Portland, Oregon, but the conspirators also debated whether to murder Turner in downtown Portland or closer to his home.
According to informant statements to law enforcement, one of the conspirators was to pretend there was car trouble, and the others would then approach Turner with their guns. Informants later told law enforcment officials that the conspirators intended to hide out at an international network of Rajneesh communes if the plan was successful. According to The Oregonian the assassinations were not carried out because Ma Anand Sheela became distracted by political power plays within the Rajneesh commune and other members of the organization who were trying to remove her from her position within the group.
Prosecutions
Investigation
On February 28, 1985, Congressman James H. Weaver gave a speech in the United States House of Representatives in which he asserted that the Rajneeshees were involved in the bioterror attack in Oregon. At a series of press conferences in September 1985, Rajneesh accused several of his recently departed lieutenants of involvement in this and other crimes, including the poisoning of Mike Sullivan, a Jefferson County district attorney, and asked state and federal authorities to investigate his allegations. The assassination plot was uncovered by federal law enforcement as a result of the ensuing investigation into activities at Rajneeshpuram. Turner was never physically harmed, and had retired by 1995.
The Oregonian was informed in October 1985 by federal law enforcement officials that Leslie L. Zaitz, an investigative journalist who had written a 20-part series on the Rajneesh movement in Oregon, was on a "hit list" which also included Turner and Oregon Attorney General David Frohnmayer. Assistant U.S. Attorney Robert Weaver prosecuted the case; the charges were first detailed at an October 1985 bond hearing in North Carolina after Rajneesh and his followers were arrested at an airport in Charlotte. Weaver said in court that followers of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh had plotted to assassinate Turner and Frohnmayer. He said these allegations were reasons why releasing Rajneesh and his followers from jail would be "a clear and present danger to public officials". The guns purchased by the Rajneesh followers for the assassination plot had reportedly been dumped in a lake at Rancho Rajneesh; the lake was searched by U.S. Navy divers. Scuba divers searched the lake for two days but did not find the guns.
Joseph Greene, a U.S. immigration agent, testified in court that Federal Bureau of Investigation agents had learned of the assassination plot from a member of the organization who was in a witness protection program. Greene said that members involved in the assassination plot included Ma Anand Sheela, Anand Puga, and Dhyan Yoginifo. The assassination plot was investigated by the FBI and the Oregon State Police. Informants told law enforcement that Ma Anand Sheela hoped Turner's death would prevent an Immigration and Naturalization Service investigation which she thought could lead to Rajneesh's arrest and deportation from the United States. Weaver stated "These attempts to assassinate public officials were because they were presenting an immigration case that might result in imprisonment" of Rajneesh. "There were not simply plans, but at least one (assassination) attempt," said Weaver at the hearing.
A grand jury investigation led by Turner brought charges of "widespread immigration fraud" against members of Rajneeshpuram. The wiretapping crimes were discovered after Ma Anand Sheela had fled the commune in September 1985. In December 1985, twenty-one followers of Rajneesh were indicted on wiretapping charges.
Arrests and convictions
Four of the perpetrators were arrested in September 1990, and indictments were brought against Ma Anand Sheela and six other co-conspirators by a federal grand jury in November 1990. Ma Anand Sheela served twenty-nine months in a minimum security federal prison for charges related to assault, attempted murder, arson, wiretapping and the 1984 bioterror attack in The Dalles, and moved to Switzerland after her release from prison in 1988. The assassination conspiracy was discovered after Sheela had left the United States, and as of 1999 she was still wanted by federal law enforcement for her role in the plot, and risked extradition if she crossed the Swiss border. Switzerland declined an extradition request from the United States, and instead tried her in a Swiss court. Sheela was found guilty of "criminal acts preparatory to the commission of murder" in 1999, and sentenced to time already served.
Catherine Jane Stork was convicted of the attempted murder of Rajneesh's physician in 1986, and served almost three years in jail. After her release, agents from the Federal Bureau of Investigation uncovered the plot to assassinate Turner, but Stork had already fled to Germany. She was indicted by a federal grand jury in 1990. In 1991, the German government refused to extradite Stork back to the United States. In July 1991, Carol Matthews entered a guilty plea and was convicted in federal court.
Sally-Anne Croft and Susan Hagan were extradited from Britain in 1994 and convicted in 1995 for their roles in the assassination plot. They had unsuccessfully attempted to appeal their extradition from Britain to Home Secretary Michael Howard. During their trial the prosecution presented twenty-nine witnesses, including former followers of Rajneesh who placed both women in planning meetings where they discussed murdering Turner. David Berry Knapp, the former mayor of Rajneeshpuram, (known to Rajneesh followers as Swami Krishna Deva) testified for the government in the case and implicated Croft and Hagan in the assassination conspiracy. Ava Avalos, also a Rajneesh disciple, testified in the Croft case and stated that she had been part of the conspirators that plotted to assassinate Turner. In addition to Knapp and Avalos, co-conspirators Richard Langford, Phyllis Caldwell, and Alma Peralta testified in the case pursuant to conditional plea or immunity agreements. Both women were sentenced to five years in prison. At the sentencing for Croft and Hagan, the federal Judge Malcolm Marsh described them as "people of obvious goodwill who had committed an extremely serious offense against the criminal justice system." Prosecutor Tim Reardon called the conspiracy to commit assassination "a deadly serious crime aimed at the heart of the criminal justice system." Croft and Hagan were released from imprisonment at FCI Dublin, California in April 1998, and returned to Britain.
In December 2002, Phyllis McCarthy pled guilty to conspiracy to commit murder, and was sentenced to one year in jail and a fine of USD$10,000. McCarthy had served as fourth-in-command of Rajneeshpuram, and was known by Rajneesh's followers as Ma Yoga Vidya. Turner called the one year prison sentence "laughable." In court statements, McCarthy stated "I cannot forgive myself for not being tougher at the time," and called her time with the group "psychological torture."
In February 2006, Stork became the last perpetrator sentenced in the political assassination plot, after ten months of negotiations with Oregon prosecutors. Stork offered to turn herself in and return to the United States after learning of her son's terminal brain tumor. Prior to sentencing, the court allowed her to travel to Australia to visit her son. In addition to charges of conspiracy to commit murder, Stork also pled guilty to the purchase of weapons in violation of federal firearms law. An Oregon judge sentenced her to five years probation, and three months time already served in a German jail. Turner thought she should have received a harsher sentence, and commented "This was a lying-in-wait conspiracy to murder me, a presidential appointee, and for a long time I slept with a loaded gun beside my bed." Though Stork could have faced life in prison, U.S. District Judge Judge Malcolm F. Marsh thought she had "seen the error of her ways." A federal prosecutor in the case described Stork as the "MVP" of the conspiracy, and said she was the designated assassin that was set to murder Turner. After her sentencing, Stork stated: "I actually conspired to kill Mr. Turner, it is up to me alone to face this terrible truth ... No person has the right to do what I did. I'm truly sorry." Stork returned to Germany after her sentencing.
Joseph T. McCann writes in Terrorism on American Soil that Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh paid a fine of US$400,000, agreed to plead guilty to immigration fraud, and to leave the United States and not return unless given permission first from the United States Attorney General. McCann notes: "Nevertheless, he was never prosecuted for any of the more serious crimes perpetrated by cult members, including the salmonella poisoning."
Sentences
- Conspiracy to assassinate a United States Attorney
| Perpetrator | Conviction | Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Alma Potter (aka Alma Peralta) | Convicted in Oregon in 1990 | Sentenced to two years in prison. |
| Richard Langford | Convicted in Oregon in 1990 | Sentenced to three years in prison for conspiracy to murder. |
| Sally-Anne Croft (aka Ma Prem Savita), Chief Financial Officer at Rajneeshpuram | Convicted in Oregon in 1995 | Sentenced to five years in federal prison, released in April 1998. |
| Susan Hagan, Rajneeshpuram head of security | Convicted in Oregon in 1995 | Sentenced to five years in federal prison, released in April 1998. |
| Ma Anand Sheela, Rajneesh's second-in-command (aka Sheela Silverman, Sheela Birnstiel) | Convicted in a Swiss court in 1999 | Sentenced to time served. |
| Phyllis McCarthy, fourth-in-command of Rajneeshpuram (aka Ma Yoga Vidya) | Convicted in Oregon in 2002 | Sentenced to one year in jail and a USD$10,000 fine. |
| Catherine Jane Stork (aka Catherine Jane Stubbs, Ma Shanti Bhadra) | Convicted in Oregon in 2006 | Received five years probation. |
| Additional eighth commune member | Pled guilty to murder conspiracy in 1990 | Was not indicted. |
- Wiretapping, and other charges, testified in assassination case
| Perpetrator | Conviction | Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Ava Avalos | Complete immunity from prosecution, May 1990 | Required to testify in U.S. v. Croft, on condition that false testimony would result in rescinding the immunity agreement. |
| David Berry Knapp (aka Swami Krishna Deva) | Plea deal in 1990, in exchange for testimony in U.S. v. Croft | Received two years in prison for making false statements. |
| Phyllis Caldwell | Plea deal in 1990, in exchange for testimony in U.S. v Croft | Five years probation following guilty plea to wiretapping. |
See also
References
- Staff (September 30, 2005). "Good riddance to Rajneeshpuram". Yakima Herald-Republic.
- ^ McKenna, Michael (February 2, 2006). "Mercy for expat in US kill plot". The Australian.
- Staff (February 2, 2006). "FED: Perth-born Orange follower avoids jail over US kill plot". AAP General News. Australian Associated Press.
- ^ Gordon, James S. (1987). The Golden Guru – The Strange Journey of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh. The Stephen Greene Press. pp. 181–182, 209–210. ISBN 0-8289-0630-0.
- Morell, Ricki (November 1, 1985). "U.S. Seeks Detention of Guru: Prosecutors Request No Bond Before Trial". Charlotte Observer. p. 1A.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Staff (September 26, 2005). "Catherine Jane Stubbs Pleads Guilty to Conspiring to Kill U.S. Attorney in Oregon in 1985". United States Department of Justice. pp. #05-502. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
- Oregon Historical Society (2002). "Ma Anand Sheela (b. 1950)". Oregon History Project. www.ohs.org. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
- ^ Parker, Jim (January 30, 2006). "Final Rajneeshee sentenced in murder plot". Northwest NewsChannel 8. KGW. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Hidlay, Skip (November 2, 1985). "3 Allegedly Planned Hit List, Paper Reports". The Charlotte Observer. p. 17A.
- ^ Long, James (June 26, 1990). "New Case Readied Against Sheela". The Oregonian. p. B1.
- ^ The Seattle Times staff (November 3, 1985). "Assassination Plot By Ex-Rajneeshees Reported - Portland Paper Says 9 on 'Hit List,' Including 5 Officials". The Seattle Times. p. E8.
- Pais, Arthur J. (October 7, 2005). "Rajneesh acolyte pleads guilty to murder conspiracy charge". India Abroad.
- ^ Staff (December 3, 1995). "Two Former Rajineesh Followers Get Five Years for Conspiracy". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Staff (July 29, 1995). "2 Ex-Cultists Guilty in Plot on U.S. Official". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
- ^ Usborne, David (July 30, 1995). "Target of sect plot accuses Britain of bias". The Independent. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
- ^ U.S. v. Croft, 124 F.3d 1109 (C.A.9 (Or.), 1997), United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Decided September 5, 1997
- ^ Painter Jr., John (July 16, 1991). "Former Bhagwan Follower Convicted". The Oregonian. pp. Pg. B01.
{{cite news}}:|pages=has extra text (help) - ^ Tucker, Jonathan B. (2000). Toxic Terror: Assessing Terrorist Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons. MIT Press. p. 136. ISBN 0262700719.
- Associated Press (November 3, 1985). "Rajneesh held without bail; paper details murder plot". Houston Chronicle. p. 2.
- ^ Larabee, Mark (December 16, 2000). "Two Rajneeshee members plead guilty: Sally-Anne Croft and Susan Hagan return to the United States to face 15-year-old wiretapping charges". The Oregonian.
- Staff (1991-07-01). "Assassination Plot Detailed". St. Paul Pioneer Press. p. 2A.
- Long, James (June 28, 1990). "Investigators Locate, Ask Ex-Rajneeshee About Suspected Plot". The Oregonian. p. C05.
- Weaver, James (April 24, 2001). "Slow Medical Sleuthing". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- Carter, Lewis F. (1990). Charisma and Control in Rajneeshpuram. Cambridge University Press. pp. Pages 202-257. ISBN 0521385547.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ United Press International (November 1, 1985). "Guru's camp seen plotting assassination". Houston Chronicle. p. 9.
- ^ Reuters (November 1, 1985). "Court Told Rajneeshis Plotted Assassinations". Philadelphia Daily News. p. 44.
{{cite news}}:|last=has generic name (help) - The Miami Herald staff (November 1, 1985). "Guru's Clan Planned Assassinations, INS Says". The Miami Herald. p. 14A.
- Morell, Ricki (November 1, 1985). "Killings Plotted, U.S. Says: 2 Officials Probed Guru's Commune". The Charlotte Observer. p. 1A.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - United Press International (December 21, 1985). "AROUND THE NATION; 21 Followers of Guru Face Conpiracy Charges". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2009-04-02.
- Staff (December 21, 1985). "21 Disciples of Guru Indicted On Wiretaps". Boston Globe.
- Staff (September 16, 1990). "Guru's Disciples Charged". The Washington Post. The Washington Post Company.
- Painter, Jr., John (November 2, 1990). "Indictment Outlines Plot to Murder U.S. Attorney". The Oregonian. pp. Page A01.
- ^ Senior, Jeanie (December 26, 1999). "Anand Sheela tends patients in Switzerland: The former spokeswoman for Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh works in two private nursing homes". The Oregonian.
- Staff (September 27, 2005). "Cult member admits murder plot". SBS Australia.
- Staff (April 1, 1994). "Britain Rejects Bid To Avoid Extradition". Rocky Mountain News.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Staff (July 7, 1995). "Ex-Cult Town Mayor Tells of Murder Plot: Two Rajneesh Followers Implicated In Alleged Plan to Kill Federal Prosecutor". Rocky Mountain News.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Staff (July 11, 1995). "Rajneeshees' Plot to Kill Detailed". Spokane Spokesman-Review.
- Staff (December 2, 1995). "Guru's Followers Get 5 Years In Plot to Kill U.S. Attorney". The Washington Post. The Washington Post Company.
- Staff (May 1, 1998). "Two Rajneesh Followers Released From Prison and May Be Deported". Seattle Post-Intelligencer.
- ^ Staff (December 21, 2002). "Last fugitive in case against Oregon cult members appears in court: A cult leader of the defunct Rajneesh Ranch in central Oregon pleaded guilty to a charge of conspiracy to murder a U.S. Attorney and was sentenced to a year in jail and a $10,000 fine". CNN. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Staff (December 31, 2002). "Former Rajneesh cult leader receives prison sentence". Consumer Health Digest. National Council Against Health Fraud. pp. #02-53. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
- ^ Suo, Steve (December 21, 2002). "Ex-Rajneeshee pleads guilty in conspiracy: But Turner, the intended victim, was not so satisfied when contacted about the plea". Oregon Live.
- Callimachi, Rukmini (September 27, 2005). "Last of the Rajneeshees pleads guilty". Associated Press. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
- Staff (January 31, 2006). "Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh disciple gets probation in murder plot". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
- ^ McCann, Joseph T. (2006). Terrorism on American Soil: A Concise History of Plots and Perpetrators from the Famous to the Forgotten. Sentient Publications. ISBN 1591810493.
Further reading
- U.S. v. Croft, 124 F.3d 1109 (C.A.9 (Or.), 1997), United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Decided September 5, 1997
External links
- University of Oregon video on The Rise and Fall of Rajneeshpuram
- Oregon History Project Biography of Ma Anand Sheela
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