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| In World War II the German Reich established '''brothels in the concentration camps''' for sexual gratification of collaborating prisoners ('''Lagerbordell'''). The prostitutes working there came from the ], to which women were brought for being prostitutes. The popular view on the german brothels in the concentration camps is influenced by the fictional ]-films as ], ], ], ] or ]. | |||
| '''Forced prostitution by the Nazi state''' for sexual gratification of German soldiers and members of other Nazi-controlled organizations became prevalent in occupied Europe during ].<ref name="Gaevert">{{de icon}} {{cite video | people = ], ] |date = 2005 | title = Frauen als Beute: Wehrmacht und Prostitution - über den Missbrauch von Frauen in deutschen Militärbordellen (Women as Booty: Wehrmacht and Prostitution...) | url =http://www.absolutondemand.de/movie.php?id=19 | format = | medium = documentary | publisher = Aquinofilm, ]-] | location =Cologne }}</ref> It is estimated that a minimum of 34,140 women from occupied states were forced to work as ]s during the ].<ref name="Herbermann">''The Blessed Abyss: Inmate #6582 in Ravensbruck Concentration Prison for Women'' by Nanda Herbermann</ref> The brothels established by the Nazi state were for use by soldiers of the ], ] officers, and foreign laborers working in the ] (including those working within the concentration camps). | |||
| The Wehrmacht also took over already established brothels in occupied europe to use them for their soldiers ('''Wehrmachtsbordell'''). The women working there had mostly been prostitutes before or hired later, but no prisoners. The leaders of the Wehrmacht were interested in running their own brothels, when sexual disease spread among the soldiers. In the controlled brothels the women frequently had a medical check for her own and the German soldiers benefit. Patrick Buisson pointed out, that under german occupation France was undergoing a sexual revolution. Because of their well trained bodies and better hygiene the German soldiers were very attractive to the french women. On shortage of food or goods women also practiced prostitution on occasion to get supplies to survive.<ref></ref> | |||
| The subject of ] and camp bordellos has remained largely taboo in studies of ] until recently, when new publications by female researchers broke the silence.<ref name="Schulz">Christa Schulz, "Weibliche Häftlinge aus Ravensbrück in Bordellen der Männerkonzentrationslager" (''Female prisoners from Ravensbrück in brothels for male concentration camp prisoners'')</ref><ref name="Paul">Christa Paul, Zwangsprostitution. Staatlich errichtete Bordelle im Nationalsozialismus (''Forced prostitution: bordellos established by the National Socialist State.</ref> | |||
| Besides sexual diseases the Wehrmacht also feared espionage. On 29. Juli 1940 came the order to regulate the soldiers sex life and prevent diseases. Now on, free prostitution was forbidden and persecuted by the French police. Until 1942 there were 500 bordels of this kind in France and Eastern Europa.<ref>Helge Sander/Barbara Johr (Hrsg.), Befreier und Befreite - Krieg - Vergewaltigung - Kinder, Frankfurt a.M. 2005</ref> | |||
| Usually organized in hotels confiscated by the Nazis, ']s' also served travelling soldiers or those withdrawn from the front. Usually, they included a bar, a restaurant and a ].<ref name="Yudkin">{{en icon}} {{cite book | author = various authors |coauthors=Leon Yudkin |editor=Leon Yudkin, ed. |title=Hebrew Literature in the Wake of the Holocaust |date=1993 |publisher=] Press |isbn=0-838-63499-0 |pages=13–32 |chapter=Narrative Perspectives on Holocaust Literature}}</ref><ref name="Lenten">{{en icon}} {{cite book |last=Lenten |first=Ronit |title=Israel and the Daughters of the Shoah: Reoccupying the Territories of Silence |date=2000 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=1-571-81775-1 |pages=33–34}}</ref> In most cases, especially in the East, the women were forced to serve as prostitutes after being caught at random on the streets in ]s (Nazi German military kidnapping raids against civilians in Poland).<ref name="Gaevert"/><ref name="Yudkin"/><ref name="Lenten"/> The authors of a 2004 German documentary on the victims of forced prostitution in Nazi Germany<ref name="Gaevert"/> estimate that in 1942 alone, there were over 500 such brothels for German soldiers all over Europe.<ref name="Gaevert"/><ref name="PAP">{{pl icon}} {{cite news | author=ra |title=Kobiety łupem wojennym | work=Dziennik Internetowy PAP |publisher=] |id= |pages= |page= |date=2005-01-13 }}</ref> It is estimated that at least 34,140 women were forced to serve as prostitutes in Nazi brothels for ] officials, SS and soldiers, but also in similar institutions for ]ers and privileged ] inmates<ref name="Paul">{{de icon}} {{cite book | author =] | coauthors = | title =Zwangsprostitution. Staatlich errichtete Bordelle im Nationalsozialismus | year =1994 | editor = | pages = | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =Edition Hentrich | location =Berlin | isbn=3-89468-141-1 }}, as cited in: {{en icon}} {{cite book | author =Nanda Herbermann | coauthors = | title =The Blessed Abyss: Inmate #6582 in Ravensbruck Concentration Camp for Women | year =2000 | editor = | pages =33–34 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =] Press | location =Detroit | isbn=0814329209 | url =http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0814329209&id=X4fCq5ki8R0C&pg=PA33&lpg=PA33&ots=JS71lX07M7&dq=%22forced+prostitution%22+%22Germany%22+1942&sig=vl5dwQVzgA2wDU2uoG4DHL1BdDM#PPA33,M1 | format = | accessdate = }}</ref> even though many more women remained silent about the experience after the end of the war.<ref name="Herbermann"/> According to a ] report on one such brothel located in ] in occupied Poland, there were roughly 4,000 "visitors" a month, including more than 3,000 soldiers of the Wehrmacht.<ref name="Siepracka">{{pl icon}} {{cite web | author=Instytut Pamięci Narodowej (corporate author) | title = Przegląd mediów - 14 stycznia 2005 | publisher=] | year=2005 | work=IPN website | url=http://www.ipn.gov.pl/portal/pl/18/2923/ | accessdate=2007-04-02 }}</ref> | |||
| The hotels/brothels in question were known as ''German Soldier's Houses'' ({{lang-de|Deutsches Soldatenhaus}}), ''DSH'', or in German Militärbordelle or Wehrmachtsbordell. | |||
| Thomas Gaevert and Martin Hilbert, authors of a documentary called "Women as Trophy" (made for ])<ref name="Gaevert"/> claim that Eastern European sex-slaves in the hands of German military were the most perfidious form of slave-labor of ]. The revealing of the extent of their abuse is not always desirable, because many victims remain afraid of being wrongfully accused of collaboration with the occupier.<ref name = "Gałkiewicz">{{pl icon}} {{cite web | author = Anna Gałkiewicz, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej (corporate author) | title = Przegląd mediów - 13.01.2005 | publisher = ] | year=2005 | work=IPN website | url=http://www.ipn.gov.pl/portal/pl/18/2923/ | accessdate=2007-06-24 }}</ref> | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 02:35, 6 March 2010
In World War II the German Reich established brothels in the concentration camps for sexual gratification of collaborating prisoners (Lagerbordell). The prostitutes working there came from the Ravensbrück concentration camp, to which women were brought for being prostitutes. The popular view on the german brothels in the concentration camps is influenced by the fictional nazi exploitation-films as Ilsa, She Wolf of the SS, Last Orgy of the Third Reich, Love Camp 7, SS Experiment Camp or Nazi Love Camp 27.
The Wehrmacht also took over already established brothels in occupied europe to use them for their soldiers (Wehrmachtsbordell). The women working there had mostly been prostitutes before or hired later, but no prisoners. The leaders of the Wehrmacht were interested in running their own brothels, when sexual disease spread among the soldiers. In the controlled brothels the women frequently had a medical check for her own and the German soldiers benefit. Patrick Buisson pointed out, that under german occupation France was undergoing a sexual revolution. Because of their well trained bodies and better hygiene the German soldiers were very attractive to the french women. On shortage of food or goods women also practiced prostitution on occasion to get supplies to survive. Besides sexual diseases the Wehrmacht also feared espionage. On 29. Juli 1940 came the order to regulate the soldiers sex life and prevent diseases. Now on, free prostitution was forbidden and persecuted by the French police. Until 1942 there were 500 bordels of this kind in France and Eastern Europa.
See also
- Comfort women
- Joy Division (World War II)
- Recreation and Amusement Association
- Sexual slavery
- Nazi exploitation
Notes
- Erotische Invasion der Wehrmacht - Der französische Politologe Patrick Buisson stellt das Bild der deutschen Besatzung in Frage
- Helge Sander/Barbara Johr (Hrsg.), Befreier und Befreite - Krieg - Vergewaltigung - Kinder, Frankfurt a.M. 2005
References
- Template:De icon Christl Wickert (1996). "Das große Schweigen; Zwangsprostitution im Dritten Reich (The Big Silence: Forced Prostitution on the Third Reich)". WerkstattGeschichte. 13: 90–95. ISSN 0933-5706.
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