| Revision as of 09:13, 2 August 2010 editTakabeg (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users34,417 edits Anagui used this term. But academicians deal this term not only Anagui's personal view in Identifying reliable sources. You can read sources. Thank you.← Previous edit | Revision as of 09:26, 2 August 2010 edit undoCenkX (talk | contribs)108 edits these are NOT primary sources, therefore not reliableNext edit → | ||
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| |date of death=552 | |date of death=552 | ||
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| '''Bumin Qaghan''' (]: ]]] ]]]]<!--{{Unicode|𐰣}}{{Unicode|𐰍}}{{Unicode|𐰴}}{{Unicode|𐰣}}{{Unicode|𐰢}}{{Unicode|𐰆}}{{Unicode|𐰉}},--->, Bumïn qaγan<ref name="Kultegin"> {{En icon}}</ref>) or '''Illig Qaghan''' (]: 伊利可汗, ]: yīlì kěhàn, ]: i-li k'o-han, death: 552 AD) was the founder of the ]. He was the eldest son of ] (吐務 / 吐务)<ref>] et al., '']'', ] {{Zh icon}}</ref> He was the chieftain of the Turkic |
'''Bumin Qaghan''' (]: ]]] ]]]]<!--{{Unicode|𐰣}}{{Unicode|𐰍}}{{Unicode|𐰴}}{{Unicode|𐰣}}{{Unicode|𐰢}}{{Unicode|𐰆}}{{Unicode|𐰉}},--->, Bumïn qaγan<ref name="Kultegin"> {{En icon}}</ref>) or '''Illig Qaghan''' (]: 伊利可汗, ]: yīlì kěhàn, ]: i-li k'o-han, death: 552 AD) was the founder of the ]. He was the eldest son of ] (吐務 / 吐务)<ref>] et al., '']'', ] {{Zh icon}}</ref> He was the chieftain of the Turkic tribes under the sovereignty of ]. "Tumen" is used for expressing 10,000 and "Bum" is used for expressing 100,000 <ref>in '']'', Larry Moses, "Legend by the numbers: The Symbolism of Numbers in the 'Secret History of the Mongols'", ''Asian folklore studies'', Vol. 55-56, Nanzan University Institute of Anthropology, 1996, p. 95. {{En icon}}</ref>) of the Rouran Khaganate. | ||
| According to '']'' and '']'', in 545 Tumen's tribe started to rise and invaded frequently western frontierof Wei. The ] of ] ] sent ] (Nanai-Banda, a ] from ]<ref>Shing Müller, "Sogdian in China um 600 n. Chr. Archäologische Zeugnisse eines Lebens zwischen Assimilation und Identitätsbewahrung", NOAG, Vol. 183-184, 2008. {{De icon}}</ref>) to Kök Türks to greet its chieftain Tumen to try to establish commercial relationship.<ref name="Northern99">Li Yanshou, ''History of Northern Dynasties'', ] {{Zh icon}}</ref><ref name="Zizhi159">], '']'', ] {{Zh icon}}</ref> In 546, Tumen presented tribute to Western Wei.<ref name="Zizhi159"/> | According to '']'' and '']'', in 545 Tumen's tribe started to rise and invaded frequently western frontierof Wei. The ] of ] ] sent ] (Nanai-Banda, a ] from ]<ref>Shing Müller, "Sogdian in China um 600 n. Chr. Archäologische Zeugnisse eines Lebens zwischen Assimilation und Identitätsbewahrung", NOAG, Vol. 183-184, 2008. {{De icon}}</ref>) to Kök Türks to greet its chieftain Tumen to try to establish commercial relationship.<ref name="Northern99">Li Yanshou, ''History of Northern Dynasties'', ] {{Zh icon}}</ref><ref name="Zizhi159">], '']'', ] {{Zh icon}}</ref> In 546, Tumen presented tribute to Western Wei.<ref name="Zizhi159"/> | ||
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| The beginning of formal diplomatic relations with China propped up Bumin's authority among the Turks. He eventually united the local Turkic tribes and threw off the yoke of the ] domination.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} | The beginning of formal diplomatic relations with China propped up Bumin's authority among the Turks. He eventually united the local Turkic tribes and threw off the yoke of the ] domination.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} | ||
| In 552 Bumin's army defeated Anagui's forces at the north of ] and then Anagui committed suicide.<ref name="Zhou50"/> With their defeat Bumin proclaimed himself "Illig Qaghan" and made his wife qaghatun.<ref name="Zhou50"/> According to |
In 552 Bumin's army defeated Anagui's forces at the north of ] and then Anagui committed suicide.<ref name="Zhou50"/> With their defeat Bumin proclaimed himself "Illig Qaghan" and made his wife qaghatun.<ref name="Zhou50"/> According to ], Bumin and ] ruled people by Turkic laws, and led them and succeeded.<ref name="Kultegin"/> | ||
| Bumin died within several months after proclaiming himself Illig Qaghan. He was succeeded by his younger brother ] in the western part and by his son ] in the eastern part. In less than one century, his khaganate expanded to comprise most of ]. | Bumin died within several months after proclaiming himself Illig Qaghan. He was succeeded by his younger brother ] in the western part and by his son ] in the eastern part. In less than one century, his khaganate expanded to comprise most of ]. | ||
Revision as of 09:26, 2 August 2010
For other uses, see Illig Qaghan (disambiguation).Bumin Qaghan      | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qaghan of the Turkic Khaganate | |||||
| File:Bumin Kağan.JPGStatue of an imagined depiction of Bumin Qaghan, photo is taken in Söğüt, Turkey. | |||||
| Reign | 551-552 | ||||
| Coronation | 552 in Altai Mountains | ||||
| Successor | Issik Qaghan | ||||
| Spouse | Princess Changle | ||||
| |||||
| House | Ashina Clan | ||||
| Father | Ashina Tuwu | ||||
Bumin Qaghan (Old Turkic: , Bumïn qaγan) or Illig Qaghan (Chinese: 伊利可汗, Pinyin: yīlì kěhàn, Wade-Giles: i-li k'o-han, death: 552 AD) was the founder of the Turkic Khaganate. He was the eldest son of Ashina Tuwu (吐務 / 吐务) He was the chieftain of the Turkic tribes under the sovereignty of Rouran Khaganate. "Tumen" is used for expressing 10,000 and "Bum" is used for expressing 100,000 ) of the Rouran Khaganate.
According to History of Northern Dynasties and Zizhi Tongjian, in 545 Tumen's tribe started to rise and invaded frequently western frontierof Wei. The chancellor of Western Wei Yuwen Tai sent An Nuopanto (Nanai-Banda, a Sogdian from Bukhara) to Kök Türks to greet its chieftain Tumen to try to establish commercial relationship. In 546, Tumen presented tribute to Western Wei.
And in the same year he put down a revolt of the Tiele tribes against their overlords the Rouran Khaganate. He took advantage of this success and requested a Rouran princess in marriage. But the qaghan of Rouran Anagui refused this request and sent to Bumin a mission and message: You are my blacksmith slave. How dare you utter these words?. Bumin got angry and killed Anagui's mission and cut all relationship with Rouran Khaganate.
In 551, Bumin requested a Western Wei princess in marriage. Yuwen Tai permitted it and sent Princess Changle of Western Wei to Bumin. In the same year when Emperor Wen of Western Wei died Bumin sent mission and gave two hundred horses.
The beginning of formal diplomatic relations with China propped up Bumin's authority among the Turks. He eventually united the local Turkic tribes and threw off the yoke of the Rouran domination.
In 552 Bumin's army defeated Anagui's forces at the north of Huaihuang and then Anagui committed suicide. With their defeat Bumin proclaimed himself "Illig Qaghan" and made his wife qaghatun. According to Kultegin's memorial conplex, Bumin and Istemi ruled people by Turkic laws, and led them and succeeded.
Bumin died within several months after proclaiming himself Illig Qaghan. He was succeeded by his younger brother Istemi in the western part and by his son Issik Qaghan in the eastern part. In less than one century, his khaganate expanded to comprise most of Central Asia.
There was a large influx of Sogdian refugees to his territory because of the persecution of the Zurvanites by Shah Anushirvan Khorasau I.
References
- Bauer, Susan Wise (2010). The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 238. ISBN 978-0-393-05975-5.
- ^ Kultegin’s Memorial Complex, TÜRIK BITIG Template:En icon
- Ouyang Xiu et al., New Book of Tang, Cilt 215-II Template:Zh icon
- in Secret History of the Mongols, Larry Moses, "Legend by the numbers: The Symbolism of Numbers in the 'Secret History of the Mongols'", Asian folklore studies, Vol. 55-56, Nanzan University Institute of Anthropology, 1996, p. 95. Template:En icon
- Shing Müller, "Sogdian in China um 600 n. Chr. Archäologische Zeugnisse eines Lebens zwischen Assimilation und Identitätsbewahrung", NOAG, Vol. 183-184, 2008. p. 123. Template:De icon
- ^ Li Yanshou, History of Northern Dynasties, Vol. 99. Template:Zh icon
- ^ Sima Guang, Zizhi Tongjian, Vol. 159. Template:Zh icon
- ^ Linghu Defen et al., Book of Zhou, Vol. 50. Template:Zh icon
- ^ Sima Guang, Zizhi Tongjian, Vol. 164. Template:Zh icon
- Christopher I. Beckwith, Empires of the Silk Road: a history of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the present, Princeton University Press, 2009, ISBN 9780691135892, p. 9. Template:En icon
| Bumin Qaghan Ashina Clan | ||
| Preceded bynone | Qaghan of the Turkic Khaganate 551 - 552 |
Succeeded byIssik Qaghan |
| Göktürks | |
|---|---|
| First Turkic Khaganate (552–581) |
|
| Eastern Turkic Khaganate (581–630) | |
| Western Turkic Khaganate (581–657) | |
| Second Turkic Khaganate (682–744) | |
| Western Turks under Jimi system |
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| Göktürk culture | |
| Göktürk wars and battles | |
| Titles | |
| Family | |
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