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| '''''Cardiobacterium hominis''''' is a ] commonly grouped with other bacteria into the ] group. It is one of several bacteria normally present in the ]. However, it may also rarely cause ], an infection of the ]s.<ref name="pmid16955250">{{cite journal |author=Malani AN, Aronoff DM, Bradley SF, Kauffman CA |title=Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis: Two cases and a review of the literature |journal=European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases |
'''''Cardiobacterium hominis''''' is a ] commonly grouped with other bacteria into the ] group. It is one of several bacteria normally present in the ]. However, it may also rarely cause ], an infection of the ]s.<ref name="pmid16955250">{{cite journal |author=Malani AN, Aronoff DM, Bradley SF, Kauffman CA |title=Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis: Two cases and a review of the literature |journal=European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases |volume=25 |issue=9 |pages=587–95 |year=2006 |month=September |pmid=16955250 |pmc=2276845 |doi=10.1007/s10096-006-0189-9 |accessdate=2010-03-15}}</ref> | ||
| ==Microbiology== | ==Microbiology== | ||
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| ==Antibiotic sensitivity== | ==Antibiotic sensitivity== | ||
| Historically ''C. hominis'' has been sensitive to ] and penicillin derivatives such as ].<ref name="Wilson"/> However, penicillin-resistant strains, including those that produce ]s, have been described with increasing frequency.<ref name="pmid10790145">{{cite journal |author=Lu PL, Hsueh PR, Hung CC, Teng LJ, Jang TN, Luh KT |title=Infective endocarditis complicated with progressive heart failure due to beta-lactamase-producing Cardiobacterium hominis |journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=2015–7 |year=2000 |month=May |pmid=10790145 |pmc=86656 |doi= |url=http://jcm.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10790145 |accessdate=2010-03-15}}</ref> Clinical guidelines thus recommend that ''C. hominis'' and other HACEK organisms be presumed to harbor ampicillin resistance and therefore be treated with a third-generation ].<ref name="Wilson">{{cite journal |author=Wilson WR, Karchmer AW, Dajani AS, ''et al.'' |title=Antibiotic treatment of adults with infective endocarditis due to streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci, and HACEK microorganisms. American Heart Association |journal=JAMA |
Historically ''C. hominis'' has been sensitive to ] and penicillin derivatives such as ].<ref name="Wilson"/> However, penicillin-resistant strains, including those that produce ]s, have been described with increasing frequency.<ref name="pmid10790145">{{cite journal |author=Lu PL, Hsueh PR, Hung CC, Teng LJ, Jang TN, Luh KT |title=Infective endocarditis complicated with progressive heart failure due to beta-lactamase-producing Cardiobacterium hominis |journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=2015–7 |year=2000 |month=May |pmid=10790145 |pmc=86656 |doi= |url=http://jcm.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10790145 |accessdate=2010-03-15}}</ref> Clinical guidelines thus recommend that ''C. hominis'' and other HACEK organisms be presumed to harbor ampicillin resistance and therefore be treated with a third-generation ].<ref name="Wilson">{{cite journal |author=Wilson WR, Karchmer AW, Dajani AS, ''et al.'' |title=Antibiotic treatment of adults with infective endocarditis due to streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci, and HACEK microorganisms. American Heart Association |journal=JAMA |volume=274 |issue=21 |pages=1706–13 |year=1995 |month=December |pmid=7474277 |doi= 10.1001/jama.274.21.1706|url= |accessdate=2010-03-15}}</ref> ''C. hominis'' and other HACEK organisms also exhibit ''in vitro'' susceptibility to ], ]s, and ].<ref name="Wilson"/> ''C. hominis'' is often resistant to ].<ref name="isbn0-323-05470-6">{{cite book |author=Michael A. Pfaller; Murray, Patrick R.; Rosenthal, Ken S. |title=Medical microbiology |publisher=Mosby / Elsevier |location=Philadelphia |year=2009 |pages=374 |isbn=0-323-05470-6 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 16:02, 11 July 2011
| Cardiobacterium hominis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Cardiobacterium hominis on blood agar plate | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Proteobacteria |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Cardiobacteriales |
| Family: | Cardiobacteriaceae |
| Genus: | Cardiobacterium |
| Species: | hominis |
Cardiobacterium hominis is a Gram-negative rod commonly grouped with other bacteria into the HACEK group. It is one of several bacteria normally present in the respiratory tract. However, it may also rarely cause endocarditis, an infection of the heart valves.
Microbiology
C. hominis is a catalase-negative, oxidase-positive, indole-producing Gram-negative rod. Its morphology has classically been described as highly pleomorphic and irregularly staining, although homogeneous bacilli with uniform shapes may be seen with the addition of yeast extract.
Antibiotic sensitivity
Historically C. hominis has been sensitive to penicillin and penicillin derivatives such as ampicillin. However, penicillin-resistant strains, including those that produce beta-lactamases, have been described with increasing frequency. Clinical guidelines thus recommend that C. hominis and other HACEK organisms be presumed to harbor ampicillin resistance and therefore be treated with a third-generation cephalosporin. C. hominis and other HACEK organisms also exhibit in vitro susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones, and aztreonam. C. hominis is often resistant to erythromycin.
References
- Malani AN, Aronoff DM, Bradley SF, Kauffman CA (2006). "Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis: Two cases and a review of the literature". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 25 (9): 587–95. doi:10.1007/s10096-006-0189-9. PMC 2276845. PMID 16955250.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Savage DD, Kagan RL, Young NA, Horvath AE (1977). "Cardiobacterium hominis endocarditis: description of two patients and characterization of the organism". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 5 (1): 75–80. PMC 274535. PMID 833269. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Wilson WR, Karchmer AW, Dajani AS; et al. (1995). "Antibiotic treatment of adults with infective endocarditis due to streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci, and HACEK microorganisms. American Heart Association". JAMA. 274 (21): 1706–13. doi:10.1001/jama.274.21.1706. PMID 7474277.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Lu PL, Hsueh PR, Hung CC, Teng LJ, Jang TN, Luh KT (2000). "Infective endocarditis complicated with progressive heart failure due to beta-lactamase-producing Cardiobacterium hominis". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 38 (5): 2015–7. PMC 86656. PMID 10790145. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Michael A. Pfaller; Murray, Patrick R.; Rosenthal, Ken S. (2009). Medical microbiology. Philadelphia: Mosby / Elsevier. p. 374. ISBN 0-323-05470-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)