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| {{Chinese|order=st|t=居民身份證|s=居民身份证|p=Jūmín Shēnfènzhèng|j=geoi<sup>1</sup> man<sup>4</sup> san<sup>1</sup> fan<sup>6*2</sup> zing<sup>3</sup>|wuu=ciu<sup>平</sup> min<sup>平</sup> sen<sup>平</sup> ven<sup>去</sup> tsen<sup>去</sup>|poj=ku-bîn sin-hūn-tsìng|h=gi<sup>24</sup> min<sup>11</sup> siin<sup>24</sup> fun<sup>55</sup> ziin<sup>55</sup>|pic=Jumin shenfenzheng.jpg|picsize=250px|piccap=Second-generation identification card}} | |||
| '''Resident Identity Card''' is the official form of ] in the ]. | |||
| ==History== | |||
| Prior to 1984, citizens within the People's Republic of China were not required to obtain or carry identification in public.<ref></ref> On April 6, 1984, the ] passed the {{mousetext|''Identity Card Provisional Bill''|中华人民共和国居民身份证试行条例}}, commencing the process of gradual introduction of personal identification, in the footsteps of many developed countries at the time. The first generation identification cards were single paged cards made of ] film. Between 1984 and 1991, trials for the new identity card system took place in Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin. {{mousetext|Dan Xiurong|单秀荣}}, a Chinese Opera performer and soprano from Beijing, was the first person to receive a first-generation identity card in China.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thebeijingnews.com/news/reform30/2008/04-06/011@094348.htm|title=改革开放30年专题第48期：居民身份证|publisher=《新京报》|accessdate=2008-10-12}}</ref> | |||
| On September 6, 1985, the ] of the 12th ] passed the '']'', which regulated that all citizens over the age of 16 apply for identification cards.<ref></ref> At that point, the ] created a unified authority responsible for the issuing and management of the ID cards. From 2003, it is reported that a total of 1.14 billion ID cards have been created in China,<ref></ref> for a total of 960,000,000 holders. However, as a result of technological development and certain techniques made available to the civilian population, the existing cards became relatively easier to counterfeit, opening the increasing threat of false identification. | |||
| On June 28, 2003, the National People's Congress passed the new '']'',<ref></ref> which expanded the scope of documents issued, and allowed soldiers in the ] and members of the ] to apply for special identity cards. Individuals under the age of 16 were also permitted to voluntarily apply for an identification card. The law also established the use of newer, second-generation cards, which are machine-readable and more difficult to forge. | |||
| ==Contents== | |||
| The identity card contains basic information regarding the individual, such as the following: | |||
| ;Obverse side: | |||
| *] - in ]s only. Non-Chinese ethnic names and foreign names are ]. First-generation ID cards contained handwritten names for rare Chinese characters, whilst the second-generation cards exclusively used computer-printed text in a larger font compared to that of the first generation, and do not support rarer characters. | |||
| *] - containing one character for either male (男) or female (女). | |||
| *] - as officially listed by the People's Republic of China. | |||
| *] - listed in the ] format<!--as opposed to Minguo Calendar like in the ROC. do not edit without consensus-->, in YYYY年MM月DD日 order. | |||
| *] - the individual's permanent residence as dictated by the ''Identity Card Bill of the People's Republic of China''. | |||
| *Identification number | |||
| *Photo of the individual | |||
| ;Reverse side: | |||
| *Issuing authority (first-generation cards utilised a stamp; second-generation cards display text only) | |||
| *The limits to validity of the document (for individuals under 16 years of age: five years; for individuals between 16 and 25 years of age: ten years; for individuals between 26 and 45 years of age: twenty years; for individuals over 46 years of age: long-term) | |||
| Information stored in the identity database for ] ID cards documents information such as work history, educational background, religion, ethnicity, police record, medical insurance status, landlord's phone number and personal reproductive history. | |||
| In 1984, discussion over the contents of the identity card became controversial regarding whether to include details such as "marital status" and "occupation"; considering the actual situation of the People's Republic of China at the time, these details ultimately were not included in the ID card. | |||
| The first-generation ID cards contained a black-and-white photograph portrait of the individual; following the introduction of the second-generation cards, all identification portraits are printed in colour. | |||
| The dimensions of the second-generation cards are 85.725 mm×53.975 mm×0.900 mm, and the identity photo is sized at 358x441 pixels (width by height), printed at a resolution of 350dpi on RGB using 24-bit True Color, prepared using JPEG compression techniques in line with the requirements of '''ISO DIS 10918-1'''. The final image appears as a 26 mm × 32 mm portrait box in the top-right hand corner.<ref name=law/> | |||
| ===Identity cards in ethnic minority areas=== | |||
| {{Expand section|date=July 2010}} | |||
| Within the ], identity cards possess corresponding text in the respective minority language for both first-generation and second-generation cards. For example, cards officially signed and issued in ] all contain accompanying text in the ], as well as Chinese characters. The following table shows the languages used on identity cards within minority regions: | |||
| {| class="wikitable" | |||
| |- style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ! ''English'' | |||
| ! ''Chinese'' !! Zhuang !! Tibetan !! Mongol !! Uyghur | |||
| |- style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ! Name | |||
| | '''姓名''' || SINGQMINGZ || || || | |||
| |- style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ! Gender | |||
| | '''性别''' || SINGQBIED || || || | |||
| |- style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ! Ethnicity | |||
| | '''民族''' || MINZCUZ || || || | |||
| |- style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ! Date of birth | |||
| | '''出生''' || SENG || || || | |||
| |- style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ! Year-Month-Day | |||
| | '''年月日''' || NIENZ NYIED HAUH || || || | |||
| |- style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ! Domicile | |||
| | '''住址''' || DIEFYOUQ || || || | |||
| |- style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ! Resident Identity number | |||
| | '''公民身份号码''' || GUNGHMINZ SONHFWN HAUMAJ || || || | |||
| |- style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ! Issuing authority | |||
| | '''签发机关''' || CIEMFAT GIHGVANH || || || | |||
| |- style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ! Validity | |||
| | '''有效限期''' || MIZYAUO GEIZHANH || || || | |||
| |} | |||
| ==Identity card number== | |||
| From October 1, 1999, the PRC State Council approved the establishment of a ], and currently consists of an 18-digit code. | |||
| <center> | |||
| {|border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" | |||
| |- | |||
| | bgcolor="#999999"|<font size="5">'''1'''</font> | |||
| | bgcolor="#999999"|<font size="5">'''1'''</font> | |||
| | bgcolor="#999999"|<font size="5">'''0'''</font> | |||
| | bgcolor="#999999"|<font size="5">'''1'''</font> | |||
| | bgcolor="#999999"|<font size="5">'''0'''</font> | |||
| | bgcolor="#999999"|<font size="5">'''2'''</font> | |||
| | bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|<font size="5">'''Y'''</font> | |||
| | bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|<font size="5">'''Y'''</font> | |||
| | bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|<font size="5">'''Y'''</font> | |||
| | bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|<font size="5">'''Y'''</font> | |||
| | bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|<font size="5">'''M'''</font> | |||
| | bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|<font size="5">'''M'''</font> | |||
| | bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|<font size="5">'''D'''</font> | |||
| | bgcolor="#C0C0C0"|<font size="5">'''D'''</font> | |||
| | bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|<font size="5">'''8'''</font> | |||
| | bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|<font size="5">'''8'''</font> | |||
| | bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|<font size="5">'''8'''</font> | |||
| | bgcolor="#3366FF"|<font size="5">'''X'''</font> | |||
| |- | |||
| | bgcolor="#999999" colspan="6" align="center"|Address code | |||
| | align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="8"|Date of Birth code | |||
| | align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|Order code | |||
| | align="center" bgcolor="#3366FF" |Checksum | |||
| |}</center> | |||
| *'''Address code''' refers to the resident's location, where ] (including ], ], and ]) have their own specific codes. (For example, the code for ] in ] is 110102.) | |||
| *'''Date of Birth''' in the form YYYY-MM-DD. | |||
| *'''Order code''' is the code used to disambiguate people with the same date of birth and address code. Men are assigned to odd numbers, women assigned to even numbers. | |||
| *The '''Checksum''' is the final digit, which ] of the ID number from the first 17 digits, utilizing '''ISO 7064:1983, ] 11-2'''. The checksum is obtained by: | |||
| #Marking the Identity card number right-to-left <math>a_1 , a_2 , \cdots , a_{18}</math>，<math>a_1</math> for the parity-check codes； | |||
| #Weight coefficient calculation <math>W_i=2^{i-1}\ \bmod \ {11}</math>； | |||
| #: | |||
| :{| class="wikitable" | |||
| !''i''!!18!!17!!16!!15!!14!!13!!12!!11!!10!!9!!8!!7!!6!!5!!4!!3!!2!!1 | |||
| |- | |||
| !''W<sub>i</sub>'' | |||
| |7||9||10||5||8||4||2||1||6||3||7||9||10||5||8||4||2||1 | |||
| |} | |||
| #Calculation of <math>S = \sum_{i=2}^{18} a_i \cdot W_i</math> | |||
| #<math>a_1=(12-( S \ \bmod 11)) \bmod 11</math> | |||
| {{hidden begin|title = Checksum derivation process |titlestyle = background-color: #dddddd|bodystyle = background-color: #eeeeee}} | |||
| <div class="NavFrame"> | |||
| <div class="NavHead">Checksum derivation process in ]</div> | |||
| <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left"> | |||
| <pre>Dim a, w, s ,id | |||
| msgbox "This procedure for checking the identity card number and or-bit",vbokonly+vbinformation,"identity check procedures" | |||
| id=inputbox("Enter the ID number 15 or 18 before the identity card numbers of 17 or","ID","11010519491231002") | |||
| if vartype(id)<>0 then | |||
| 'Test the legality of the importation of numbers | |||
| l=0 | |||
| do until l=1 | |||
| l=1 | |||
| p="" | |||
| if len(id) <>17 then | |||
| if len(id) <> 15 then | |||
| l=0 | |||
| p="enter the median is not correct, please enter 15 or 17-digit." | |||
| end if | |||
| end if | |||
| for i = 1 to len(id) | |||
| a=mid(id,i,1) | |||
| if asc(a)<asc("0") or asc(a)>asc("9") then | |||
| l=0 | |||
| p=p & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Please enter the number, do not include the characters“" & a & "”。" | |||
| exit for | |||
| end if | |||
| next | |||
| if l=0 then | |||
| id=inputbox("illegal input" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & p,"input error",id) | |||
| end if | |||
| loop | |||
| 'Will be number 15 or 17 places to number | |||
| if len(id)=15 then | |||
| id = left(id,6) & "19" & right(id, 9) | |||
| end if | |||
| 'Number 17 for the calculation of parity-check codes | |||
| for i = 2 to 18 | |||
| a = mid(id,19-i,1) | |||
| w=2^(i-1) mod 11 | |||
| s=a * w + s | |||
| next | |||
| s =(12 - ( s mod 11) )mod 11 | |||
| if s=10 then s="X" | |||
| 'After checking the number of output | |||
| inputbox "the identity card number of the parity-check codes for the“" & s & "”" & vbcrlf & vbcrlf & "by checking the ID card numbers are as follows:","Check completed", id & s | |||
| end if</pre></div></div> | |||
| <div class="NavFrame"> | |||
| <div class="NavHead">Checksum derivation process in ]</div> | |||
| <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left"> | |||
| <pre> | |||
| // must input 17 bit string of RID from left to right | |||
| function calcChecksum(rid){ | |||
| var workArr = rid.split('').reverse(); | |||
| function W(i){ | |||
| return Math.pow(2,i-1) % 11; | |||
| } | |||
| function S(){ | |||
| var sum = 0; | |||
| for (var j=0;j<17;j++){ | |||
| sum += workArr*W(j+2); | |||
| } | |||
| return sum; | |||
| } | |||
| return (12-(S() % 11)) % 11; | |||
| } | |||
| //test | |||
| alert(calcChecksum('63280119790817003')); //will alert 6 | |||
| </pre></div></div> | |||
| {{hidden end}} | |||
| ==Usage of identification== | |||
| Citizens within the People's Republic of China must carry identification in public at all times, compulsory from the age of 16. The identity card is the only acceptable legal document to obtain resident permit, employment, open bank accounts, obtain passport, driver licence, application for tertiary education and technical colleges, security checkpoints in domestic terminals of Chinese airports. Documentation is also required for marriages, household registrations and legal cases.<ref></ref> | |||
| Recently, there have been more services that require the display of identification cards, such as at ] and certain stores.<ref></ref> | |||
| Police are required to inspect identification documents where: | |||
| *Criminal suspects need to be identified; | |||
| *To inspect those related to personnel involved in an incident; | |||
| *In the occurrence of a serious security emergency, and there is a requirement to obtain the identity of the a person at the scene; | |||
| *If the law requires so during a case. | |||
| ==Anti-counterfeiting measures== | |||
| ] | |||
| ===First generation ID card=== | |||
| Polyester plastic film, which utilizes an anti-counterfeit laser logo. | |||
| ===Second generation ID card=== | |||
| Second-generation ID cards contain a non-contact IC chip card, a directional ] "]" image, an anti-counterfeiting film made of green multi-layer polyester (PETG) composite material, optical variable optical storage containing the text "中国CHINA" situated on the card, and a microfilm string generating the letters "JMSFZ" (initials for the ] of "'''J'''u'''m'''in '''S'''hen'''f'''en'''z'''heng"), and a "Great Wall" logo revealed by ultraviolet light.<ref name=law></ref> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] (Singapore) | |||
| *] | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| {{Wikisource|zh:中华人民共和国居民身份证法}} | |||
| *{{zh icon}} | |||
| *{{zh icon}} | |||
| *{{zh icon}} | |||
| *{{zh icon}} | |||
| *{{zh icon}} | |||
| {{Asia topic|National identity cards in}} | |||
| {{National identification numbers}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 13:25, 16 September 2010
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