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| ===Notes and References {{anchors|Notes|References|Notes or references}}=== | |||
| ===Colonialism, violence, and ethnic cleansing=== | |||
| {{shortcut|WP:FNNR}} | |||
| Zionism has been characterized as ], and Zionism has been criticized for promoting unfair confiscation of land, involving expulsion of indigenous peoples, and causing violence towards Palestinians. The characterization of Zionism as colonialism has been described by ], Gershon Shafir, ], ], and ].<ref> | |||
| ] | |||
| *Bareli, Avi, "Forgetting Europe: Perspectives on the Debate about Zionism and Colonialism", in ''Israeli historical revisionism: from left to right'', Psychology Press, 2003, pp 99-116 | |||
| {{Main|Misplaced Pages:Citing sources#How to create the list of citations}} | |||
| *], ''A history of modern Palestine: one land, two peoples'', Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp 72-121 | |||
| '''Contents:''' These sections present (1) citations that verify the information in the article, and (2) explanatory notes that would be awkward in the body text. Some articles divide this type of information into two or more separate sections; others combine it into a single section. There is no consensus establishing a particular structure when footnotes and the works cited in those footnotes are placed in separate sections. | |||
| *Prior, Michael, ''The Bible and colonialism: a moral critique'', Continuum International Publishing Group, 1997, pp 106-215 | |||
| *Shafir, Gershon, "Zionism and Colonialism", in ''The Israel / Palestinian Question'', by Ilan Pappe, Psychology Press, 1999, pp 72-85 | |||
| *Lustick, Ian, ''For the Land and the Lord'' … | |||
| *Zuriek, Elia, ''The Palestinians in Israel: A Study in Internal Colonialism'', Routledge & K. Paul, 1979 | |||
| *Penslar, Derek J., "Zionism, Colonialism and Postcolonialism", in ''Israeli historical revisionism: from left to right'', Psychology Press, 2003, pp 85-98 | |||
| *], ''The ethnic cleansing of Palestine'', Oneworld, 2007 | |||
| </ref> | |||
| '''Title:''' The most frequent choice is "References"; other articles use "Notes", "Footnotes", or "Works cited" (in diminishing order of popularity). The title "References" may be inappropriate if the section contains both explanatory notes and citations. Several alternate titles ("Sources", "Citations", "Bibliography") may also be used, although each is problematic: "Sources" may be confused with source code in computer related articles; "Citations" may be confused with official awards; "Bibliography" may be confused with a list of printed works by the subject of a biography. With the exception of "Bibliography," the heading should be plural even if it lists only a single item.<ref name="pluralHeading" /> | |||
| ], John P. Quigly, ], and ] have described the criticism of Zionism that it unfairly confiscates land and expels Palestinians.<ref> | |||
| *{{cite book | |||
| |title=The Holy Land in transit: colonialism and the quest for Canaan | |||
| |first=Steven George | |||
| |last=Salaita | |||
| |publisher=Syracuse University Press | |||
| |year=2006 | |||
| |isbn=081563109X | |||
| |page= 54 | |||
| }} | |||
| *{{cite book | |||
| |title=The gun and the olive branch: the roots of violence in the Middle East | |||
| |first=David | |||
| |last=Hirst | |||
| |publisher=Nation Books | |||
| |authorlink=David Hirst (journalist) | |||
| |year= 2003 | |||
| |isbn=1560254831 | |||
| |pages= 418–419 | |||
| }} | |||
| *{{cite book | |||
| |title=World orders, old and new | |||
| |first=Noam | |||
| |last=Chomsky | |||
| |authorlink=Noam Chomsky | |||
| |publisher=Columbia University Press | |||
| |year= 1996 | |||
| |isbn=0231101570 | |||
| |page=264: | |||
| }} | |||
| *{{cite web | |||
| |url= http://97.74.65.51/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=15043 | |||
| |title=FrontPage magazine interview with Christopher Hitchens | |||
| |date=December 11, 2003 | |||
| |deadlink=September 2010 | |||
| }} | |||
| *{{cite book | |||
| |title=Imperial Israel and the Palestinians: the politics of expansion | |||
| |first=Nur | |||
| |last=Masalha | |||
| |authorlink=Nur Masalha | |||
| |publisher=Pluto Press | |||
| |year=2000 | |||
| |isbn=0745316158 | |||
| |page=93 | |||
| }} | |||
| *{{cite web | |||
| |url=http://www.atheistnexus.org/forum/topics/hitchens-dawkins-and-harris | |||
| |title=Essay by James M. Martin from "Atheist Nexus" | |||
| }} | |||
| *{{cite book | |||
| |title=Palestine and Israel: a challenge to justice | |||
| |first=John B. | |||
| |last=Quigley | |||
| |publisher=Duke University Press | |||
| |year=1990 | |||
| |isbn=0822310236 | |||
| |pages=176–177 | |||
| }} | |||
| *{{cite book | |||
| |title=Fateful triangle: the United States, Israel, and the Palestinians (2nd Ed, revised) | |||
| |first=Noam | |||
| |last=Chomsky | |||
| |publisher=South End Press | |||
| |year= 1999 | |||
| |isbn=0896086011 | |||
| |pages=153–154 | |||
| }} | |||
| *Saleh Abdel Jawad (2007) "Zionist Massacres: the Creation of the Palestinian Refugee Problem in the 1948 War" in ''Israel and the Palestinian refugees'', Eyal Benvenistî, Chaim Gans, Sari Hanafi (Eds.), Springer, p. 78. | |||
| *{{cite book | |||
| |title=Land or peace: whither Israel? | |||
| |first=Yael | |||
| |last=Yishai | |||
| |publisher=Hoover Press | |||
| |year= 1987 | |||
| |isbn=0817985212 | |||
| |pages= 112–125 | |||
| }} | |||
| *{{cite book | |||
| |title=The Palestinians: in search of a just peace | |||
| |first=Cheryl | |||
| |last=Rubenberg | |||
| |publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers | |||
| |authorlink=Cheryl Rubenberg | |||
| |year= 2003 | |||
| |isbn=1588262251 | |||
| |page= 162 | |||
| }} | |||
| *{{cite book | |||
| |title=Islam and the West post 9/11 | |||
| |first=Ron | |||
| |last=Geaves | |||
| |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. | |||
| |year= 2004 | |||
| |isbn=0754650057 | |||
| |page= 31 | |||
| }} | |||
| *{{cite book | |||
| |title=The Palestine Yearbook of International Law, 1998-1999, Volume 10 | |||
| |first=Anis F. | |||
| |last=Kassim | |||
| |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers | |||
| |year= 2000 | |||
| |ISBN=9041113045 | |||
| |page=9 | |||
| }} | |||
| *Raphael Israeli, ''Palestinians Between Israel and Jordan''', Prager, 1991, pages 158-159, 171, 182. | |||
| </ref> | |||
| ] and ] claim that the notion of expelling the indigenous population was an early component of Zionism, citing Herzl's diary from 1895 which states "we shall endeavour to expel the poor population across the border unnoticed - the process of expropriation and the removal of the poor must be carried out discreetly and circumspectly."<ref> | |||
| *], ''The Edward Said reader'', Random House, Inc., 2000, pp 128-129 | |||
| *Prior, Michael P. ''Zionism and the state of Israel: a moral inquiry'', Psychology Press, 1999, pp 191-192 | |||
| *], ''Israel in history: the Jewish state in comparative perspective'', Taylor & Francis, 2007, p 56. | |||
| </ref> However, ] claims that Herzl may have been considering South America, not Palestine, when he wrote the diary entry about expropriation.<ref> | |||
| *], ''Israel in history: the Jewish state in comparative perspective'', Taylor & Francis, 2007, p 56. | |||
| </ref> | |||
| '''Example layouts:''' There are several layouts that are acceptable for the sections which contain citations, references, and explanatory notes. Misplaced Pages does not have a single style that is mandatory, or even recommended. An article may use one, two, or three sections for this material. Here are three common layouts: | |||
| ] argued that Zionism results in ].<ref> | |||
| *], ''The ethnic cleansing of Palestine'', Oneworld, 2007 | |||
| </ref> | |||
| :''Single section'' - This layout puts citations and explanatory notes in a single section, and does not have a separate Reference section: | |||
| ], ], ], ], and ] have described a criticism of Zionism that it has been responsible for violence against Palestinians, such as the ], ], and ].<ref> | |||
| ::*'''Notes''' - Includes all citations and explanatory notes. All citation details are in this section, embedded in the footnotes. | |||
| *Khallidi, Walid, "Plan Dalet: The Zionist Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine", in ''Middle East Forum'', no. 22, Nov 1961, p 27. | |||
| *Weisburd, David, ''Jewish Settler Violence'', Penn State Press, 1985, pp 20-52 | |||
| *Lustick, Ian, "Israel's Dangerous Fundamentalists", ''Foreign Policy'', 68 (Fall 1987), pp 118-139 | |||
| *Tessler, Mark, "Religion and Politics in the Jewish State of Israel", in ''Religious resurgence and politics in the contemporary world'', (Emile Sahliyeh, Ed)., SUNY Press, 1990, pp 263-296. | |||
| *{{Cite book | |||
| |title=Reckless rites: Purim and the legacy of Jewish violence | |||
| |first=Elliott S. | |||
| |last=Horowitz | |||
| |publisher= Princeton University Press | |||
| |year= 2006 | |||
| |ISBN= 0691124914 | |||
| |pages= 6–11 | |||
| }} | |||
| *{{Cite book | |||
| |title=An understanding of Judaism | |||
| |first=John D. | |||
| |last= Rayner | |||
| |ISBN= Berghahn Books | |||
| |year= 1997 | |||
| |ISBN= 1571819711 | |||
| |page=57}} | |||
| *Saleh Abdel Jawad (2007) "Zionist Massacres: the Creation of the Palestinian Refugee Problem in the 1948 War" in ''Israel and the Palestinian refugees'', Eyal Benvenistî, Chaim Gans, Sari Hanafi (Eds.), Springer, p. 78: | |||
| :".. the Zionist movement, which claims to be secular, found it necessary to embrace the idea of 'the promised land' of Old Testament prophecy, to justify the confiscation of land and the expulsion of the Palestinians. For example, the speeches and letter of Chaim Weizman, the secular Zionist leader, are filled with references to the biblical origins of the Jewish claim to Palestine, which he often mixes liberally with more pragmatic and nationalistic claims. By the use of this premise, embraced in 1937, Zionists alleged that the Palestinians were usurpers in the Promised Land, and therefore their expulsion and death was justified. The Jewish-American writer Dan Kurzman, in his book ''Genesis 1948'' … describes the view of one of the Deir Yassin's killers: 'The Sternists followed the instructions of the Bible more rigidly than others. They honored the passage (Exodus 22:2): 'If a thief be found …' This meant, of course, that killing a thief was not really muder. And were not the enemies of Zionism thieves, who wanted to steal from the Jews what God had granted them?' '' | |||
| *Ehrlich, Carl. S., (1999) "Joshua, Judaism, and Genocide", in ''Jewish Studies at the Turn of the Twentieth Century'', Judit Targarona Borrás, Ángel Sáenz-Badillos (Eds). 1999, Brill. p 117-124. | |||
| *Hirst, David, ''The Gun and the Olive Branch: The Roots of Violence in the Middle East''. 1984, p 139. | |||
| *Lorch, Netanel, ''The Edge of the Sword: Israel's War of Independence, 1947-1949'', Putnam, 1961, p 87 | |||
| *], ''The ethnic cleansing of Palestine'', Oneworld, 2007, p 88 | |||
| </ref> | |||
| :'''Two sections''' - This layout uses ] (with a References section), and combines explanatory notes and citations in a single section: | |||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| ::*'''Notes''' - Includes all citations and explanatory notes. Citations may be ] and refer to works in the References section. | |||
| ::*'''References''' - Lists some of the reference works that are used in the citations. | |||
| ''Three sections'' - This layout uses ] (with a References section), and separates explanatory notes from citations. Notice that for an article without explanatory notes (in other words, an article with only citations), this is the same as the two-section layout above, except for the section name "Citations". | |||
| ::*'''Notes'''- Includes only explanatory notes. | |||
| ::*'''Citations''' - Includes only citations, which may be ] and refer to works in the References section. | |||
| ::*'''References''' - Lists some of the reference works that are used in the citations. | |||
Revision as of 19:50, 25 October 2011
Notes and References
Shortcut
Contents: These sections present (1) citations that verify the information in the article, and (2) explanatory notes that would be awkward in the body text. Some articles divide this type of information into two or more separate sections; others combine it into a single section. There is no consensus establishing a particular structure when footnotes and the works cited in those footnotes are placed in separate sections.
Title: The most frequent choice is "References"; other articles use "Notes", "Footnotes", or "Works cited" (in diminishing order of popularity). The title "References" may be inappropriate if the section contains both explanatory notes and citations. Several alternate titles ("Sources", "Citations", "Bibliography") may also be used, although each is problematic: "Sources" may be confused with source code in computer related articles; "Citations" may be confused with official awards; "Bibliography" may be confused with a list of printed works by the subject of a biography. With the exception of "Bibliography," the heading should be plural even if it lists only a single item.
Example layouts: There are several layouts that are acceptable for the sections which contain citations, references, and explanatory notes. Misplaced Pages does not have a single style that is mandatory, or even recommended. An article may use one, two, or three sections for this material. Here are three common layouts:
- Single section - This layout puts citations and explanatory notes in a single section, and does not have a separate Reference section:
- Notes - Includes all citations and explanatory notes. All citation details are in this section, embedded in the footnotes.
- Two sections - This layout uses shortened citations (with a References section), and combines explanatory notes and citations in a single section:
- Notes - Includes all citations and explanatory notes. Citations may be shortened and refer to works in the References section.
- References - Lists some of the reference works that are used in the citations.
Three sections - This layout uses shortened citations (with a References section), and separates explanatory notes from citations. Notice that for an article without explanatory notes (in other words, an article with only citations), this is the same as the two-section layout above, except for the section name "Citations".
- Notes- Includes only explanatory notes.
- Citations - Includes only citations, which may be shortened and refer to works in the References section.
- References - Lists some of the reference works that are used in the citations.
- Cite error: The named reference
pluralHeadingwas invoked but never defined (see the help page).