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⚫ '''Mladen Lorković''' (1 March 1909 – 30 April 1945) was a ] politician, lawyer and putschist

⚫ '''Mladen Lorković''' (1 March 1909 – 30 April 1945) was a ] politician, lawyer and putschist.


==Biography== ==Biography==
===Early life=== ===Early life===
Lorković was born in Zagreb in 1909. As a high school student he was a supporter of ]. He studied law at ]. Due to his political activities {{clarify|date=January 2011}} after ], he was threatened with arrest. He continued to study law at ] and ], earning his doctorate. He later became a close associate of ], and represented the ] in ] and, later for all European countries except ]. {{clarify|date=January 2011}} Lorković was born in Zagreb on 1 March 1909. As a high school student he was a supporter of ]. He studied law at ]. Because of his political activities, after ] he was threatened with arrest. He continues to study law at ] and ] where he got doctorate. Later, he became a close associate of ] and representative of ] for ], and later for all European countries except ].


===Acitivity in Ustasha Movement=== ===Acitivity in Ustasha Movement===
He sworn his Ustasha oath in 1934. In 1937 he was arrested. After that, he went to ]. In 1939 he returns to ]. Along with ] he was the most prominent returnee. He was associate in journal ''Hrvatski narod'' ("Croatian Folk") and editor of illegal journal ''Hrvatska pošta'' ("Croatian Post"). In 1940, by order of court of ] he was arrested and taken to prison at ], and later to a camp near ]. In 1941 he escaped and began participating in preparations to declare the ] in ]. He was one of five people who signed a document dated 30 March 1941, asking the ] for assistance in establishing the Croatian state. {{Citation needed|date=January 2011}} He sworn his Ustasha oath in 1934. In 1937 he was arrested. After that, he went to ]. In 1939 he returns to ]. Along with ] he was the most prominent returnee. He was associate in journal ''Hrvatski narod'' ("Croatian Folk") and editor of illegal journal ''Hrvatska pošta'' ("Croatian Post"). In 1940, by order of court of ] he was arrested and taken to ] prison, and later in camp for political enemies near ] near ]. In 1941 he escaped from the camp. He is participating in preparations for promulgation of ] in ]. He is one of five people who signed a document dated 30 March 1941 in which ] is asked to come to help establishing the Croatian state.


===Minister in Croatia=== ===Minister in Croatia===
After establishing of ] Pavelić named Lorković as foreign minister of Croatia. On 28 April 1943 he was released of his duties as foreign minister. After that he was named state minister without Portfolio and he was in charge in activities with ]. In 1943 he initiated an ultimately unsuccessful negotiation with the vice-president of ] ] about a possible coalition. On 11 November 1943 he became minister of interior of Croatia. In August 1944 he married Countess Nada von Ghyczy. After establishing of ] Pavelić named Lorković as foreign minister of Croatia. Lorković leads pro-German policy thus quenching Italian pretensions for territory of Croatia. For his strong pro-German views, in the spring of 1942, Italians circulated charges that Lorković had been a Communist. Croatian police cleared him after a secret investigation. The German police attache in Zagreb established that Lorković was in close contacts with several Communists between 1932 and 1934 and that even during 1941 and 1942, he helped some Croatian Communists. He writes "Spomenica" ("Memorial") about Italian companionship with ] which was sent to Italian foreign minister ] on 26 January 1943. In April 1943 he was involved in gold smuggling scandal, and because of that scandal, chief of his office, Ivo Kolak, was sentenced to death. On 28 April 1943 he was released of his duties as foreign minister. After that he was named state minister without Portfolio and he was in charge in activities with ]. As he held that function, he was always in contact with German general ], who was very critical on Ustasha regime. From summer until autumn of 1943 he led negotiations with vice-president of ] ] about possible coalition, but negotiations ended without results. On 11 November 1943 he became minister of interior of Croatia. Lorković hanged out with high society and later, in August 1944 he married Countess Nada von Ghyczy.


===Lorković-Vokić coup and death=== ===Lorković-Vokić coup and death===
{{main|Lorković-Vokić coup}} {{main|Lorković-Vokić coup}}
In May 1944 along with ], minister of Armed Forces, he attended secret meeting with the ]'s Košutić and ]. At the meeting they allegedly made plans to change sides, and for the ] (regular Croatian Army) to attack Germany, to join the "Anglo-American Allies" who would presumably sponsor an independent Croatia. Lorković and Vokić informed head of state ] about their plans, and he supported them. {{Citation needed|date=January 2011}} In May 1944 along with ], minister of Armed Forces, he attended secret meeting with representatives of ], ] and ]. That was beginning of Lorković-Vokić coup. At the meeting they made plans for change sides, and attack ] with ] (regular Croatian Army), and then switch on the side of "Anglo-American Allies". This attempt to change sides was based on the premise that the Western Allies would sponsor the survival of an independent Croatia. That wasn't a real coup, because Lorković and Vokić informed head of state ] about their plans, and he supported them. But on 21 August 1944 Pavelić informed ], a German ambassador to Croatia, about their activities. On Session of government held on 30 August 1944 Pavelić reveals conspiracy and conspirators. Only August Košutić managed to escape on liberated territory, but he was imprisoned by communists. Conspirators were jailed in ]. At the end of April 1945, just before they would escape from the country, Mladen Lorković, Ante Vokić and Croatian Peasant Party representatives Ivanko Farolfi and Ljudevit Tomašić were shot. Rest of conspirators were released.

On 21 August 1944 Pavelić informed ], a German ambassador to Croatia, about their activities. On Session of government held on 30 August 1944 Pavelić reveals conspiracy and conspirators. Košutić managed to escape. The rest were jailed in ]. At the end of April 1945, Lorković, Ante Vokić and Croatian Peasant Party representatives Ivanko Farolfi and Ljudevit Tomašić were shot.


==Books== ==Books==
Lorković published two books: Mladen Lorković published two books:


* '']'' (''Narod i zemlja Hrvata''), published in 1939, * ] (''Narod i zemlja Hrvata''), published in 1939,
* '']'' (''Hrvatska u borbi protiv boljševizma''), published in 1944. * ] (''Hrvatska u borbi protiv boljševizma''), published in 1944.


==Sources== ==Sources==
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| NAME = Lorkovic, Mladen | NAME = Lorkovic, Mladen
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Croatian politician, lawyer and ] leader | SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1 March 1909 | DATE OF BIRTH = 1 March 1909
| PLACE OF BIRTH = ], ] | PLACE OF BIRTH = ], ]
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| PLACE OF DEATH = ], ] | PLACE OF DEATH = ], ]
}} }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lorkovic, Mladen}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lorkovic, Mladen}}
] ]
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] ]
] ]
]


] ]

Revision as of 16:31, 14 January 2011

Mladen Lorković
File:LORKOVIC-MLADEN.jpg
Foreign Minister of Croatia
In office
9 June 1941 – 28 April 1943
LeaderAnte Pavelić
Preceded byAnte Pavelić
Succeeded byStijepo Perić
Minister for relations with German Army
In office
28 April 1943 – 11 November 1943
Minister of Interior of Croatia
In office
11 November 1943 – 30 August 1944
Preceded byAndrija Artuković
Succeeded byMate Frković
Personal details
Born1 March 1909
Zagreb, Austria-Hungary
Died30 April 1945(1945-04-30) (aged 36)
Lepoglava, Croatia
Political partyUstasha movement
SpouseNada von Ghyczy
RelationsIvan Lorković (father)
Alma materUniversity of Berlin
ProfessionLawyer

Mladen Lorković (1 March 1909 – 30 April 1945) was a Croatian politician, lawyer and putschist

Biography

Early life

Lorković was born in Zagreb on 1 March 1909. As a high school student he was a supporter of Croatian Party of Rights. He studied law at University of Zagreb. Because of his political activities, after January 6th Dictatorship he was threatened with arrest. He continues to study law at University of Innsbruck and University of Berlin where he got doctorate. Later, he became a close associate of Ante Pavelić and representative of Ustasha Movement for Third Recih, and later for all European countries except Italy.

Acitivity in Ustasha Movement

He sworn his Ustasha oath in 1934. In 1937 he was arrested. After that, he went to Hungary. In 1939 he returns to Yugoslavia. Along with Mile Budak he was the most prominent returnee. He was associate in journal Hrvatski narod ("Croatian Folk") and editor of illegal journal Hrvatska pošta ("Croatian Post"). In 1940, by order of court of Croatian Banate he was arrested and taken to Lepoglava prison, and later in camp for political enemies near Krušić near Travnik. In 1941 he escaped from the camp. He is participating in preparations for promulgation of Independent State of Croatia in Zagreb. He is one of five people who signed a document dated 30 March 1941 in which Third Reich is asked to come to help establishing the Croatian state.

Minister in Croatia

After establishing of Independent State of Croatia Pavelić named Lorković as foreign minister of Croatia. Lorković leads pro-German policy thus quenching Italian pretensions for territory of Croatia. For his strong pro-German views, in the spring of 1942, Italians circulated charges that Lorković had been a Communist. Croatian police cleared him after a secret investigation. The German police attache in Zagreb established that Lorković was in close contacts with several Communists between 1932 and 1934 and that even during 1941 and 1942, he helped some Croatian Communists. He writes "Spomenica" ("Memorial") about Italian companionship with Chetniks which was sent to Italian foreign minister Galeazzo Ciano on 26 January 1943. In April 1943 he was involved in gold smuggling scandal, and because of that scandal, chief of his office, Ivo Kolak, was sentenced to death. On 28 April 1943 he was released of his duties as foreign minister. After that he was named state minister without Portfolio and he was in charge in activities with German Army. As he held that function, he was always in contact with German general Edmund Glaise-Horstenau, who was very critical on Ustasha regime. From summer until autumn of 1943 he led negotiations with vice-president of Croatian Peasant Party August Košutić about possible coalition, but negotiations ended without results. On 11 November 1943 he became minister of interior of Croatia. Lorković hanged out with high society and later, in August 1944 he married Countess Nada von Ghyczy.

Lorković-Vokić coup and death

Main article: Lorković-Vokić coup

In May 1944 along with Ante Vokić, minister of Armed Forces, he attended secret meeting with representatives of Croatian Peasant Party, August Košutić and Ivanko Farolifi. That was beginning of Lorković-Vokić coup. At the meeting they made plans for change sides, and attack Third Reich with Domobranstvo (regular Croatian Army), and then switch on the side of "Anglo-American Allies". This attempt to change sides was based on the premise that the Western Allies would sponsor the survival of an independent Croatia. That wasn't a real coup, because Lorković and Vokić informed head of state Ante Pavelić about their plans, and he supported them. But on 21 August 1944 Pavelić informed Siegfried Kasche, a German ambassador to Croatia, about their activities. On Session of government held on 30 August 1944 Pavelić reveals conspiracy and conspirators. Only August Košutić managed to escape on liberated territory, but he was imprisoned by communists. Conspirators were jailed in Lepoglava. At the end of April 1945, just before they would escape from the country, Mladen Lorković, Ante Vokić and Croatian Peasant Party representatives Ivanko Farolfi and Ljudevit Tomašić were shot. Rest of conspirators were released.

Books

Mladen Lorković published two books:

Sources

  • Dizdar, Zdravko Tko je tko u NDH. Zagreb: Minerva, 1997. Print.
  • “Mladen Lorković” Hrvatska enciklopedija. Zagreb: LZMK, 2009. Print.
  • Pavlowitch, Stevan K. Hitler's new disorder: the Second World War in Yugoslavia. Columbia University Press, 2008. Print. p. 246
  • Tomasevich, Jozo War and revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945: occupation and collaboration Stanford University Press, 2001. Print. p 37
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