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{{Infobox non-profit {{Infobox non-profit
| name = Vishva Hindu Parishad<br/><small>''विश्व हिन्दू परिषद''</small> | name = Vishva Hindu Parishad<br/><small>''विश्व हिन्दू परिषद''</small>
| image = Vishva_Hindu_Parishad_New_Logo.jpg | image = Vishva_Hindu_Parishad_New_Logo.jpg
| caption = Logo of V.H.P | caption = Logo of V.H.P
| founder = ]<br/>] | founder = ]<br/>]
| type = ]<br/>] | type = ]<br/>]
| tax_id =
| registration_id =
| founded_date = {{Start date|df=y|1964|08|29}}<ref name="vhp main objective"/> | founded_date = {{Start date|df=y|1964|08|29}}<ref name="vhp main objective"/>
| location = ] | location = ]
| coordinates = {{Coord|28.33|N|77.10|E|}} | coordinates = {{Coord|28.33|N|77.10|E|}}
| origins =
| key_people = ] <small>(president)</small><ref name="vhp president">{{cite news|title=Raghava Reddy takes over as VHP international chief|newspaper=Andhra Wishesh |date=20 Dec 2011|accessdate=24 Aug 2014 |url=http://www.andhrawishesh.com/home/top-stories/22582-raghava-reddy-takes-over-as-vhp-international-chief.html}}</ref><br/> | key_people = ] <small>(president)</small><ref name="vhp president">{{cite news|title=Raghava Reddy takes over as VHP international chief|newspaper=Andhra Wishesh |date=20 Dec 2011|accessdate=24 Aug 2014 |url=http://www.andhrawishesh.com/home/top-stories/22582-raghava-reddy-takes-over-as-vhp-international-chief.html}}</ref><br/>
] <small>(executive president)</small><ref name="vhp president"/> ] <small>(executive president)</small><ref name="vhp president"/>
| area_served = India | area_served = India
| products =
| services =
| focus =
| mission =
| method =
| revenue =
| endowment =
| num_volunteers =
| num_employees =
| num_members = 6.8 million<ref name="convert"/> | num_members = 6.8 million<ref name="convert"/>
| subsid = ] <small>(youth wing)</small><br/>] <small>(women's wing)</small> | subsid = ] <small>(youth wing)</small><br/>] <small>(women's wing)</small>
| owner =
| motto = Dharmo Rakshati Rakshitah<br/>''धर्मो रक्षति रक्षितः'' | motto = Dharmo Rakshati Rakshitah<br/>''धर्मो रक्षति रक्षितः''
| former name =
| homepage = {{URL|http://vhp.org}} | homepage = {{URL|http://vhp.org}}
| dissolved =
| footnotes =
}} }}


{{Hindu politics}} {{Hindu politics}}
The '''Vishva Hindu Parishad''' (pronunciation: {{IPA|/vɪʃv(ə) hɪnd̪uː pərɪʃəd̪/}}, {{lang-en|World Hindu Council}}), abbreviated '''VHP''', is a ] right-wing organisation in ], based on the ideology of '']''. It was founded in 1964 and its main objective is "to organise, consolidate the Hindu society and to serve, protect the Hindu Dharma."<ref name="vhp main objective"/> The VHP belongs to the ],<ref name="Jelen 2002">{{cite book|last1=Jelen|first1=Ted Gerard|last2=Wilcox|first2=Clyde|title=Religion and Politics in Comparative Perspective: The One, The Few, and The Many.|date=2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press.|isbn=0-521-65031-3|page=253|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=6HFq0eyEK4QC&pg=PA344&lpg=PA344&dq}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=DP Bhattacharya, ET Bureau Aug 4, 2014, 06.38AM IST |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-04/news/52428512_1_vhp-leader-pravin-togadia-cow-slaughter |title=Communal skirmishes rising after Narendra Modi's departure from Gujarat - Economic Times |publisher=Articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2014-08-04 |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref> an umbrella of ] organisations. It has been involved in ] projects,<ref>{{cite book|author=Thomas Blom Hansen |title=The Saffron Wave: Democracy and Hindu Nationalism in Modern India |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0195645743}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/vhps-social-service-activities/article2725683.ece |title=VHP's social service activities |publisher=The Hindu |date=2011-12-18 |accessdate=2014-08-24}}</ref> construction and renovation of ]s and in issues such as ], ], the ] and its role in the ]. The VHP has been involved in reconverting Hindus who had previously converted to Christianity or Islam. The '''Vishva Hindu Parishad''' (pronunciation: {{IPA|/vɪʃv(ə) hɪnd̪uː pərɪʃəd̪/}}, {{lang-en|World Hindu Council}}), abbreviated '''VHP''', is a ] right-wing organisation in ], based on the ideology of '']''. It was founded in 1964 and its main objective is "to organise, consolidate the Hindu society and to serve, protect the Hindu Dharma."<ref name="vhp main objective"/> It belongs to the ],<ref name="Jelen 2002">{{cite book|last1=Jelen|first1=Ted Gerard|last2=Wilcox|first2=Clyde|title=Religion and Politics in Comparative Perspective: The One, The Few, and The Many.|date=2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press.|isbn=0-521-65031-3|page=253|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=6HFq0eyEK4QC&pg=PA344&lpg=PA344&dq}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=DP Bhattacharya, ET Bureau Aug 4, 2014, 06.38AM IST |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-08-04/news/52428512_1_vhp-leader-pravin-togadia-cow-slaughter |title=Communal skirmishes rising after Narendra Modi's departure from Gujarat - Economic Times |publisher=Articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=2014-08-04 |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref> an umbrella of ] organisations. It has been involved in ] projects,<ref>{{cite book|author=Thomas Blom Hansen |title=The Saffron Wave: Democracy and Hindu Nationalism in Modern India |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0195645743}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/vhps-social-service-activities/article2725683.ece |title=VHP's social service activities |publisher=The Hindu |date=2011-12-18 |accessdate=2014-08-24}}</ref> construction and renovation of ]s and in issues such as ], ], the ] and its role in the ]. The VHP has been involved in reconverting Hindus who had previously converted to Christianity or Islam. One of their senior activist (]) working in ] was murdered in 2008, which led to communal clashes in the area.

== History ==


==History==
The VHP was founded in 1964 by RSS leaders ] and ] in collaboration with the Hindu spiritual leader ].{{sfn|Katju|2013|p=5}}<ref>{{cite journal | last = Kurien |first = Prema |authorlink=Prema Kurien |title = Religion, ethnicity and politics: Hindu and Muslim Indian immigrants in the United States|journal = Ethnic and Racial Studies|volume = 24 | issue = 2 |page = 268|year = 2001 |doi=10.1080/01419870020023445}}</ref> The delegation of the founders included ] founder ], Gujarati scholar ], Sikh leader ], Namdhari Sikh leader Satguru Jagjit Singh and eminent politicians such as ].{{sfn|Katju|2013}}<ref name="vhp inception">{{cite web|url=http://vhp.org/organization/org-inception-of-vhp|title=Inception of VHP|publisher=vhp.org|accessdate=24 Aug 2014}}</ref> The VHP was founded in 1964 by RSS leaders ] and ] in collaboration with the Hindu spiritual leader ].{{sfn|Katju|2013|p=5}}<ref>{{cite journal | last = Kurien |first = Prema |authorlink=Prema Kurien |title = Religion, ethnicity and politics: Hindu and Muslim Indian immigrants in the United States|journal = Ethnic and Racial Studies|volume = 24 | issue = 2 |page = 268|year = 2001 |doi=10.1080/01419870020023445}}</ref> The delegation of the founders included ] founder ], Gujarati scholar ], Sikh leader ], Namdhari Sikh leader Satguru Jagjit Singh and eminent politicians such as ].{{sfn|Katju|2013}}<ref name="vhp inception">{{cite web|url=http://vhp.org/organization/org-inception-of-vhp|title=Inception of VHP|publisher=vhp.org|accessdate=24 Aug 2014}}</ref>
Chinmayananda was nominated as its founding President, while Apte was nominated as its founding General Secretary. It was decided at the meeting that the name of the proposed organization would be "Vishva Hindu Parishad" and that a world convention of Hindus was to be held at Prayag (]) during ] Mela of 1966 for its launch. It was further decided that it would be a non-political organization and that no office bearer of any political party shall be simultaneously an office bearer in the Parishad.<ref name="vhp inception"/> Chinmayananda was nominated as its founding President, while Apte was nominated as its founding General Secretary. It was decided at the meeting that the name of the proposed organization would be "Vishva Hindu Parishad" and that a world convention of Hindus was to be held at Prayag (]) during ] Mela of 1966 for its launch. It was further decided that it would be a non-political organization and that no office bearer of any political party shall be simultaneously an office bearer in the Parishad.<ref name="vhp inception"/>


The VHP, which considers ]s, ]s and ]s as well as native Tribal religions as part of the greater Hindu fraternity, officially mentions that it was founded by the "Saint Shakti of Bharat". The VHP was first mooted at a conference in Pawai, Sandipani Sadhanalaya, ] on 29 August 1964. The conference was hosted by RSS chief ]. The date was chosen to coincide with the festival of ]. Several representatives from the Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist and Jain faiths were present in the meeting, as well as the ]. Golwalkar explained that "all faiths of Indian origins need to unite", saying that the word "Hindu" (people of "Hindustan") applied to adherents of all the above religions.{{sfn|Smith|2003|p=189}} Apte declared: The VHP, which considers ]s, ]s and ]s as well as native tribal religions as part of the greater Hindu fraternity, officially mentions that it was founded by the "Saint Shakti of Bharat". The VHP was first mooted at a conference in Pawai, Sandipani Sadhanalaya, ] on 29 August 1964. The conference was hosted by RSS chief ]. The date was chosen to coincide with the festival of ]. Several representatives from the Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist and Jain faiths were present in the meeting, as well as the ]. Golwalkar explained that "all faiths of Indian origins need to unite", saying that the word "Hindu" (people of "Hindustan") applied to adherents of all the above religions.{{sfn|Smith|2003|p=189}} Apte declared:


{{quote|The world has been divided to ], ] and ]. All of them view Hindu society as very fine rich food on which to feast and fatten themselves. It is necessary in this age of conflict to think of and organise the Hindu world to save it from the evils of all the three.{{sfn|Smith|2003|p=189}}}} {{quote|The world has been divided to ], ] and ]. All of them view Hindu society as very fine rich food on which to feast and fatten themselves. It is necessary in this age of conflict to think of and organise the Hindu world to save it from the evils of all the three.{{sfn|Smith|2003|p=189}}}}
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Its main objective is "to organise, consolidate the Hindu society and to serve, protect the Hindu Dharma."<ref name="vhp main objective">{{cite web|url=http://vhp.org/swagatam |title=VHP main objective |publisher=Vhp.org |date=1964-08-29 |accessdate=2014-08-24}}</ref> It has been involved in ] projects and in encouraging the construction and renovation of ]s. It is against the ], opposes ] and ]. Defending Hindus around the world and Hindu rights has been one of its stated objectives.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.organiser.org/Encyc/2013/8/25/50-years-of-Hindu-empowerment.aspx |title=Welcome to Organiser |publisher=Organiser.org |date= |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref> The other main objective which it has been involved with is the ].<ref name="vhp main objective"/> Its main objective is "to organise, consolidate the Hindu society and to serve, protect the Hindu Dharma."<ref name="vhp main objective">{{cite web|url=http://vhp.org/swagatam |title=VHP main objective |publisher=Vhp.org |date=1964-08-29 |accessdate=2014-08-24}}</ref> It has been involved in ] projects and in encouraging the construction and renovation of ]s. It is against the ], opposes ] and ]. Defending Hindus around the world and Hindu rights has been one of its stated objectives.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.organiser.org/Encyc/2013/8/25/50-years-of-Hindu-empowerment.aspx |title=Welcome to Organiser |publisher=Organiser.org |date= |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref> The other main objective which it has been involved with is the ].<ref name="vhp main objective"/>


The VHP is associated with the ], an umbrella of ] organisations which also includes the ] ] ] (BJP) and the right-wing organisation ] (RSS). Its slogan is ''Dharmo rakṣati rakṣitaḥ'', which means "] protects its protector" and its symbol is the ] tree. The current international president of VHP is ],<ref name="vhp president"/> while its executive president is ].<ref name="vhp president"/> The organisation acts under the guidance from Dharma Sansad a religious parliament of Gurus.{{sfn|Katju|2013}} The VHP is associated with the ], an umbrella of ]. Its slogan is ''Dharmo rakṣati rakṣitaḥ'', which means "] protects its protector" and its symbol is the ] tree. The current international president of VHP is ],<ref name="vhp president"/> while its executive president is ].<ref name="vhp president"/>


== Social activities ==
==Activities==
Vishva Hindu Parishad is active in social welfare work areas.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=SAqn3OIGE54C&pg=PA103&lpg=PA103&dq=VHP+Social+work&source=bl&ots=4fi_HrKoxw&sig=NL9IoZSDCkrBLbfZOZB-lEJDwSI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DOfrU-vpCc258gWjioDYAg&ved=0CBsQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=VHP%20Social%20work&f=false |title=The Saffron Wave: Democracy and Hindu Nationalism in Modern India - Thomas Blom Hansen - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com.au |date=1999-03-23 |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref>
Following is the summary of activities.<ref name="Magazine.evivek.com">{{cite web|url=http://magazine.evivek.com/?p=6334 |title=विश्व हिंदू परिषदेची पन्नास वर्षांची वाटचाल &#124; Evivek.com |publisher=Magazine.evivek.com |date= |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref>
*'''Medical''' - People are trained in villages to provide primary health care and referral services. The organisation also conducts Medical check-up camps.<ref name="Magazine.evivek.com"/>
*'''Self-Empowerment''' - Organisation is running self-employment training camps in following states - ], ], ], Maha Kaushal, ], Brij Pradesh, ] and ]. The training areas involve farming techniques, ]-keeping, agriculture and horticultural techniques, animal husbandry and sewing.<ref>{{cite web|author=The author has posted comments on this article |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/VHP-to-highlight-its-social-work/articleshow/368322.cms |title=VHP to highlight its social work - The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2003-12-19 |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref> There are 959 training centres currently operating.<ref name="Magazine.evivek.com"/>
*'''Education''' - Organisation focus is to provide educational facilities in remote area. There are currently 3266 educational facilities running.<ref name="Magazine.evivek.com"/>
*'''Social welfare''' - Organisation runs 45 Orphanages, ], Help Centres, Rescue Centres, Working Women Hostels. VHP is also active in environmental causes such as Tree Plantations. Social Services are provided in religious pilgrimages, emergency help during natural calamities and rural development.<ref name="Magazine.evivek.com"/> Vishva Hindu Parishad social workers help out patients in ] Hospitals.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=7TLRCtw-zvoC&pg=PA105&lpg=PA105&dq=VHP+Social+work&source=bl&ots=JzsNFe68Kp&sig=_4BwWUIPZPiuoc26WgiVelElat8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IObrU9LDIoS78gWOnYDACw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=VHP%20Social%20work&f=false |title=Everyday Nationalism: Women of the Hindu Right in India - Kalyani Devaki Menon - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com.au |date= |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref>
*'''Relief services''' - Vishwa Hindu Parishad is active in providing emergency Relief services. In 2014 Jammu and Kashmir floods, Vishwa Hindu Parishad organised medical and relief camps. This work was organised along with other social organisations. These services provided relief via medical camps to estimated 1400 patients.<ref>http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-jammu-and-kashmir-floods-vishwa-hindu-parishad-organises-medical-camps-1400-patients-treated-2018829</ref><ref>http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-09-15/news/53943132_1_vhp-cattle-feed-jammu-district</ref>


Vishva Hindu Parishad is active in social welfare work<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=SAqn3OIGE54C&pg=PA103&lpg=PA103&dq=VHP+Social+work&source=bl&ots=4fi_HrKoxw&sig=NL9IoZSDCkrBLbfZOZB-lEJDwSI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DOfrU-vpCc258gWjioDYAg&ved=0CBsQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=VHP%20Social%20work&f=false |title=The Saffron Wave: Democracy and Hindu Nationalism in Modern India - Thomas Blom Hansen - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com.au |date=1999-03-23 |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref><ref name="Magazine.evivek.com">{{cite web|url=http://magazine.evivek.com/?p=6334 |title=विश्व हिंदू परिषदेची पन्नास वर्षांची वाटचाल &#124; Evivek.com |publisher=Magazine.evivek.com |date= |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref>
===Ayodhya dispute===

* '''Medical''' - People are trained in villages to provide primary health care and referral services. The organisation also conducts Medical check-up camps.<ref name="Magazine.evivek.com"/>
* '''Vocational training''' - Organisation is running self-employment training camps in ], ], ], Maha Kaushal, ], Brij Pradesh, ] and ]. The training areas involve farming techniques, ]-keeping, agriculture, horticultural techniques, animal husbandry and sewing.<ref>{{cite web|author=The author has posted comments on this article |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/VHP-to-highlight-its-social-work/articleshow/368322.cms |title=VHP to highlight its social work - The Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2003-12-19 |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref> There are 959 training centres currently operating.<ref name="Magazine.evivek.com"/>
* '''Education''' - It tried to provide educational facilities in remote area. It supports 3266 educational facilities.<ref name="Magazine.evivek.com"/>
* '''Social welfare''' - Organisation runs 45 Orphanages, ], Help Centres, Rescue Centres, Working Women Hostels. VHP is also active in environmental causes such as Tree Plantations. Social Services are provided in religious pilgrimages, emergency help during natural calamities and rural development.<ref name="Magazine.evivek.com"/><ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=7TLRCtw-zvoC&pg=PA105&lpg=PA105&dq=VHP+Social+work&source=bl&ots=JzsNFe68Kp&sig=_4BwWUIPZPiuoc26WgiVelElat8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IObrU9LDIoS78gWOnYDACw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=VHP%20Social%20work&f=false |title=Everyday Nationalism: Women of the Hindu Right in India - Kalyani Devaki Menon - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com.au |date= |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref>
* '''Relief services''' - Vishwa Hindu Parishad has provided emergency Relief services. In 2014 Jammu and Kashmir floods, Vishwa Hindu Parishad organised medical and relief camps. These services provided relief via medical camps to 1400 patients.<ref>http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-jammu-and-kashmir-floods-vishwa-hindu-parishad-organises-medical-camps-1400-patients-treated-2018829</ref><ref>http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-09-15/news/53943132_1_vhp-cattle-feed-jammu-district</ref>

=== Ayodhya dispute ===
{{Main|Ayodhya debate|Ram Janmabhoomi|Babri Mosque}} {{Main|Ayodhya debate|Ram Janmabhoomi|Babri Mosque}}
The VHP had been involved in the dispute over the ], or ], for twenty years before its demolition. This activity involved demonstrations, petitions and litigation. According to the VHP and its affiliated organisations, the Babri Mosque was built by demolishing the temple at the birthplace of ] (]) by the Mughal Emperor ] in the 16th century. It further stated in Allahabad court documentation that the building was in a dilapidated condition. It was in ruins and could not be used for worship or any activities .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elegalix.allahabadhighcourt.in/elegalix/ayodhyafiles/honsaj-vol-7-corrected.pdf |title=Ayodhya files, Vol. 7 |publisher=Allahabad High Court |accessdate=2014-08-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mishra/1992/12/x01.htm |title=On Communalism |author=Vinod Mishra |publisher=Marxists.org |date=Dec 1992 |accessdate=2014-08-24}}</ref> The VHP had been involved in the dispute over the ], or ], for twenty years before its demolition. This activity involved demonstrations, petitions and litigation. According to the VHP and its affiliated organisations, the Babri Mosque was built by demolishing the temple at the birthplace of ] (]) by the Mughal Emperor ] in the 16th century. It further stated in Allahabad court documentation that the building was in a dilapidated condition. It was in ruins and could not be used for worship or any activities .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elegalix.allahabadhighcourt.in/elegalix/ayodhyafiles/honsaj-vol-7-corrected.pdf |title=Ayodhya files, Vol. 7 |publisher=Allahabad High Court |accessdate=2014-08-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mishra/1992/12/x01.htm |title=On Communalism |author=Vinod Mishra |publisher=Marxists.org |date=Dec 1992 |accessdate=2014-08-24}}</ref>
In the late 1980s, the ] (BJP) brought the temple issue to national politics, and the BJP and VHP began organising larger protests in Ayodhya and around the country. In 1992 a large group of Hindus, including members of the VHP,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hrw.org/reports/2002/india/India0402-05.htm |title=We Have No Orders To Save You |publisher=Hrw.org |date= |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref> were camped on the site of the ]. On 6 December 1992 the mosque was demolished by elements of the crowd. Rioting followed across India with 2000 people killed.<ref>,''HVK archive''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrw.org/reports/2002/india/ |title=Human Rights Watch Official Report on India |date=2002 |accessdate=2014-08-24}}</ref>


The ] headed by Justice Liberhan was constituted to investigate the whole episode. A large number of VHP workers testified before the commission. Totalling 399 sittings over the span of sixteen years, the Commission finally submitted its the 1,029-page report to ] ] on 30 June 2009.<ref name="ndtv">{{cite news|last=NDTV correspondent|title=What is the Liberhan Commission?|url=http://www.ndtv.com/news/india/all_about_the_liberhan_commission.php|accessdate=29 September 2010|newspaper=NDTV India|date=November 23, 2009}}</ref> According to the report, the events of 6 December 1992, in Ayodhya were "neither spontaneous nor unplanned".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Babri-Masjid-demolition-neither-spontaneous-nor-unplanned-Liberhan/Article1-479698.aspx|title=India Babri Masjid demolition neither spontaneous nor unplanned: Liberhan|date=November 24, 2009|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>


== Child organisations ==
==Organization and leadership==

The organisation acts under the guidance from Dharma Sansad a religious parliament of Gurus.{{sfn|Katju|2013}}
]]] ]]]
The ] is the youth wing of the VHP, and it is organised in many states in major training camps called ''shakhas'', where thousands of young men simultaneously train in various activities, receive sports, education in Hindutva and cultural education. The ], founded in 1991 under the tutelage of Sadhvi Rithambara as its founding chairperson and the support of the VHP, is described as the "female arm of the Dal". Members of the Vahini contend that the portrayal of their group as a branch of the Bajrang Dal is an oversimplification, and that their goals are to "dedicate ourselves to spiritual, physical, mental and knowledge development".<ref>,''The Tribune''</ref> The VHP also have divisions made up of women. VHP secretary Giri Raj Kishore charted out highly visible roles for women in the group. He charted out two "satyagrahas" for women during their demonstrations.<ref>{{cite book |last = Kohli |first = Atul |authorlink = Atul Kohli |title = The Success of India's Democracy |publisher = Cambridge University Press |year = 2000 |isbn = 0-521-80144-3 }}</ref> The ] is the youth wing of the VHP, and it is organised in many states in major training camps called ''shakhas'', where thousands of young men simultaneously train in various activities, receive sports, education in Hindutva and cultural education. The ], founded in 1991 under the tutelage of Sadhvi Rithambara as its founding chairperson and the support of the VHP, is described as the "female arm of the Dal". Members of the Vahini contend that the portrayal of their group as a branch of the Bajrang Dal is an oversimplification, and that their goals are to "dedicate ourselves to spiritual, physical, mental and knowledge development".<ref>,''The Tribune''</ref> The VHP also have divisions made up of women. VHP secretary Giri Raj Kishore charted out highly visible roles for women in the group. He charted out two "satyagrahas" for women during their demonstrations.<ref>{{cite book |last = Kohli |first = Atul |authorlink = Atul Kohli |title = The Success of India's Democracy |publisher = Cambridge University Press |year = 2000 |isbn = 0-521-80144-3 }}</ref>
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The VHP has been a prime backer of the World Hindu Conference in which issues such as casteism, sectarianism, and the future of Hindus were discussed. Prior Conferences have included Hindu Groups such as ].<ref> News Today – March 2007</ref> The VHP has been a prime backer of the World Hindu Conference in which issues such as casteism, sectarianism, and the future of Hindus were discussed. Prior Conferences have included Hindu Groups such as ].<ref> News Today – March 2007</ref>


== Reconversion activity ==
==Communal tensions and reconversions==
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The VHP engages in several programmes to reconvert Hindus who had previously converted to Christianity or Islam through their trained missionaries called "Dharma Prasaar Vibhag" (Religious Propaganda Cell), and some of them were sent to those remote villages and tribal areas which have substantial Christians and Muslims. On 4 March 2004, more than 200 Christians were reconverted in a ceremony organised by the VHP in the state of ], part of its plan to reconvert 400,000 tribal Christians.{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}} According to them, the tribal folk were lured for monetary benefits and Christian missionaries were there to convert them under the pretext of community service. The claim is in place that Vanvasis (Tribals) are part of Hindu culture.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?hl=en&lr=&id=scgz0Uzn64YC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Indian+Tribals+Hindu&ots=wr80uBqJe-&sig=sbuOvEO-XAkVHzfZPVrFC1vTlQk#v=onepage&q=Indian%20Tribals%20Hindu&f=false |title=The Tribal Culture of India - Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi, Binay Kumar Rai - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com.au |date= |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref> The Christian community denied this and there was an instance of six women being beaten for refusing to reconvert to Hinduism. Religious conversions were a debated topic in Orissa.<ref name="Christians convert back to Hinduism">,''BBC''</ref>


VHP organises programmes to reconvert Hindus who had previously converted to Christianity or Islam through their trained missionaries called ''Dharma Prasaar Vibhag'' (Dharma Propagation Unit), some of them were sent to remote villages and tribal areas which have substantial Christians and Muslims population. On 4 March 2004, more than 200 Christians were reconverted in a ceremony organised by the VHP in the state of ], part of its plan to reconvert 400,000 tribal Christians.{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}} According to them, the tribal folk were lured for monetary benefits and Christian missionaries were there to convert them under the pretext of community service. They claim that Vanvasis (Tribals) are part of Hindu culture.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?hl=en&lr=&id=scgz0Uzn64YC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Indian+Tribals+Hindu&ots=wr80uBqJe-&sig=sbuOvEO-XAkVHzfZPVrFC1vTlQk#v=onepage&q=Indian%20Tribals%20Hindu&f=false |title=The Tribal Culture of India - Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi, Binay Kumar Rai - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com.au |date= |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref> The Christian community denied this and six women were beaten for refusing to reconvert to Hinduism. Religious conversions is a debated topic in Orissa.<ref name="Christians convert back to Hinduism">,''BBC''</ref>
In Punjab, the VHP has played an active role to prevent conversions of Sikhs even if they chose their own religious path. The majority of them are low caste Sikhs converting to Christianity. This could be a result mostly from oppression by high caste Sikhs but there are considerable free will conversions among the higher class Sikhs too; however, the VHP have forcibly stopped Christian missionaries from converting Sikhs.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-03-31/chandigarh/27844257_1_conversions-border-areas-christianity | work=The Times Of India | first1=Yudhvir | last1=Rana | title=VHP against conversions in Punjab | date=31 March 2005}}</ref>


The VHP collaborated with ] and played an active part in providing relief to both Hindu and Christian families affected by the ] activity in Kerala during 2003–2013 period.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-13/india/28075914_1_christian-families-christian-groups-love-jihad | work=The Times Of India | title='Love Jihad' racket: VHP, Christian groups find common cause | date=13 October 2008}}</ref> In Punjab, the VHP has played an active role to prevent conversions of Sikhs. Majority of them are low caste Sikhs converting to Christianity. This may be a result of oppression by high caste Sikhs but there are considerable free will conversions among the higher class Sikhs too; however, the VHP have forcibly stopped Christian missionaries from converting Sikhs.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-03-31/chandigarh/27844257_1_conversions-border-areas-christianity | work=The Times Of India | first1=Yudhvir | last1=Rana | title=VHP against conversions in Punjab | date=31 March 2005}}</ref>


The VHP collaborated with ] and played an active part in providing relief to both Hindu and Christian families affected by the ] activity in Kerala during 2003 – 2013 period.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-13/india/28075914_1_christian-families-christian-groups-love-jihad | work=The Times Of India | title='Love Jihad' racket: VHP, Christian groups find common cause | date=13 October 2008}}</ref>
In August 2008, the VHP accused Christians for the ],<ref name="timesuk1">{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article5186703.ece | work=The Times | location=London | title=Hindu extremists reward to kill Christians as Britain refuses to bar members | first=Rhys | last=Blakely | date=November 20, 2008 | accessdate=May 22, 2010}}</ref> though Maoist militants had claimed responsibility for the killing. In the resulting disorder, Christian settlements were set on fire,<ref name="kandhamal">{{Cite news|title = BJP MLA convicted in Kandhamal riots case|url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article623180.ece|publisher = ]| location=Chennai, India|date=9 September 2010}}</ref> and 250 Christians were forced to flee their villages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatalkies.com/2010/09/bjp-lawmaker-jail-murder-kandhamal-riots.html |title=BJP lawmaker gets jail for murder in Kandhamal riots &#124; Accident / Crime / Disaster |publisher=Indiatalkies.com |date= |accessdate=2011-09-19}}</ref> A ] was raped during the violence and the Roman Catholic Church said that at least 7 Christians were killed.<ref name="timesuk1"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/09/30/stories/2008093058040100.htm |title= Nun was raped and priest brutally assaulted in Kandhamal |publisher=The Hindu |date= 30 September 2008 |accessdate=2008-10-04 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7649984.stm |title= Four arrested over India nun rape |publisher=BBC News |date= 3 October 2008|accessdate=2008-10-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080067507 |title= Medical reports confirm Kandhmal nun raped | publisher = NDTV | accessdate = 2008-10-04

}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecumene.radiovaticana.org/en1/Articolo.asp?c=226701 |title=Anti Christian Violence Rocks Orissa, India |publisher=Oecumene.radiovaticana.org |date=2008-08-26 |accessdate=2011-09-19}}</ref> A judicial commission probing the violence said that conversion and re-conversion were among the major factors that led to the disorder, without blaming any religious groups or the ].<ref name="conversionriots">{{Cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/conversion-reconversion-led-to-kandhamal-r/484547/|title= Conversion, reconversion led to Kandhamal riots: Commission | publisher= ]|location=Bhubaneshwar|date=3 July 2009}}</ref> Following the ], the VHP engaged in reconversion programmes, involving both voluntary and forced reconversion.<ref name=convert>{{cite web|author=Gethin Chamberlain |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/oct/19/orissa-violence-india-christianity-hinduism |title=Convert or we will kill you, Hindu lynch mobs tell Christians |publisher=Guardian |date=19 Oct 2008 |accessdate=2014-08-24}}</ref><ref name="Christians convert back to Hinduism"/>
In August 2008, the VHP accused Christians for the ],<ref name="timesuk1">{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article5186703.ece | work=The Times | location=London | title=Hindu extremists reward to kill Christians as Britain refuses to bar members | first=Rhys | last=Blakely | date=November 20, 2008 | accessdate=May 22, 2010}}</ref> Maoist militants had claimed responsibility for the killing. In the resulting disorder, Christian settlements were set on fire,<ref name="kandhamal">{{Cite news|title = BJP MLA convicted in Kandhamal riots case|url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article623180.ece|publisher = ]| location=Chennai, India|date=9 September 2010}}</ref> and 250 Christians were forced to flee their villages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatalkies.com/2010/09/bjp-lawmaker-jail-murder-kandhamal-riots.html |title=BJP lawmaker gets jail for murder in Kandhamal riots &#124; Accident / Crime / Disaster |publisher=Indiatalkies.com |date= |accessdate=2011-09-19}}</ref> A ] was raped during the violence and the Roman Catholic Church said that at least 7 Christians were killed.<ref name="timesuk1"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/09/30/stories/2008093058040100.htm |title= Nun was raped and priest brutally assaulted in Kandhamal |publisher=The Hindu |date= 30 September 2008 |accessdate=2008-10-04 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7649984.stm |title= Four arrested over India nun rape |publisher=BBC News |date= 3 October 2008|accessdate=2008-10-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080067507 |title= Medical reports confirm Kandhmal nun raped | publisher = NDTV | accessdate = 2008–10–04
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecumene.radiovaticana.org/en1/Articolo.asp?c=226701 |title=Anti Christian Violence Rocks Orissa, India |publisher=Oecumene.radiovaticana.org |date=2008-08-26 |accessdate=2011-09-19}}</ref> A judicial commission probing the violence said that conversion and re-conversion were among the major factors that led to the disorder, without blaming any religious groups or the ].<ref name="conversionriots">{{Cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/conversion-reconversion-led-to-kandhamal-r/484547/|title= Conversion, reconversion led to Kandhamal riots: Commission | publisher= ]|location=Bhubaneshwar|date=3 July 2009}}</ref> Following the ] in 2008, the VHP engaged in reconversion program, involving both voluntary and forced reconversion.<ref name=convert>{{cite web|author=Gethin Chamberlain |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/oct/19/orissa-violence-india-christianity-hinduism |title=Convert or we will kill you, Hindu lynch mobs tell Christians |publisher=Guardian |date=19 Oct 2008 |accessdate=2014-08-24}}</ref><ref name="Christians convert back to Hinduism"/> The accused in the murder case were found guilty and awarded life imprisonment.<ref>{{cite web|title=Swami Lakshmanananda Saraswati murder case: Seven accused found guilty|url=http://pragativadi.com/state-at-large/swami-lakshmanananda-saraswati-murder-case-seven-accused-found-guilty#.U_L6iWNJ2TM|website=http://pragativadi.com|accessdate=19 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Swami Lakshmananda Saraswati murder case: All convicts get rigorous life imprisonment|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/swami-lakshmananda-saraswati-murder-case-all-convicts-get-rigorous-life-imprisonment/426100-3-234.html|website=http://ibnlive.in.com|accessdate=19 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Swami Lakshmanananda Saraswati murder case: 7 accused found guilty|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/odisha/swami-lakshmanananda-saraswati-murder-case-7-accused-found-guilty_880141.html|accessdate=27 October 2014|publisher=Zee News|date=September 30, 2013}}</ref>

== Presence outside India ==


==Other countries==
Vishwa Hindu Parishad is active in many countries outside of India. Vishwa Hindu Parishad is active in many countries outside of India.


===United States=== === United States ===

Known as VHPA, the VHP in the ] advocates for human rights for Hindus around the world. They also offer Hindu ] to serve the Hindu community, and usually hold rituals around the nation where members are invited. The VHPA has also organised many charitable causes, such as raising money for the victims of ] in 2013, and the Fiji flood victims of 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vhp-america.org/ |title=Vishwa Hindu Parishad of America &#124; World Hindu Council of America |publisher=Vhp-america.org |date= |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref> Known as VHPA, the VHP in the ] advocates for human rights for Hindus around the world. They also offer Hindu ] to serve the Hindu community, and usually hold rituals around the nation where members are invited. The VHPA has also organised many charitable causes, such as raising money for the victims of ] in 2013, and the Fiji flood victims of 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vhp-america.org/ |title=Vishwa Hindu Parishad of America &#124; World Hindu Council of America |publisher=Vhp-america.org |date= |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref>


===United Kingdom=== === United Kingdom ===

The VHPUK, is the British branch of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad, which has held demonstrations in London for the rights of Hindus in Bangladesh and Pakistan. It offers many Hindu services such as priests and matrimonial services. VHPUK has been vocal advocates of the ] movement, and stands against abortion. They also have a temple in Ilford.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vhp.org.uk/vhpuk/ |title=VHP UK |publisher=Vhp.org.uk |date=2012-04-30 |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref> The VHPUK, is the British branch of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad, which has held demonstrations in London for the rights of Hindus in Bangladesh and Pakistan. It offers many Hindu services such as priests and matrimonial services. VHPUK has been vocal advocates of the ] movement, and stands against abortion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vhp.org.uk/vhpuk/ |title=VHP UK |publisher=Vhp.org.uk |date=2012-04-30 |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref>

=== Germany ===


===Germany===
Vishwa Hindu Parishad has a temple in Frankfurt, offers ] classes and recites the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vhpevgermany.com/ |title=VHP ev Germany |publisher=VHP ev Germany |date= |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Presentation/2010/06/WC500093380.pdf|title=Multinational clinical trials in Europe}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=August 2014}} Vishwa Hindu Parishad has a temple in Frankfurt, offers ] classes and recites the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vhpevgermany.com/ |title=VHP ev Germany |publisher=VHP ev Germany |date= |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Presentation/2010/06/WC500093380.pdf|title=Multinational clinical trials in Europe}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=August 2014}}


===Canada=== === Canada ===

The VHP is active in ], ], ], ], ] and other major Canadian cities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vhp.org.uk/vhpuk/about-vhp/uk-branches/ilford-branch/ |title=Ilford Branch &#124; VHP UK |publisher=Vhp.org.uk |date=2012-04-30 |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref> The VHP is active in ], ], ], ], ] and other major Canadian cities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vhp.org.uk/vhpuk/about-vhp/uk-branches/ilford-branch/ |title=Ilford Branch &#124; VHP UK |publisher=Vhp.org.uk |date=2012-04-30 |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref>


===Australia, New Zealand & Fiji=== === Australia, New Zealand & Fiji ===

The Vishva Hindu Parishad is gaining popularity in these countries. The ] wing of Vishva Hindu Parishad conducts activities such conducting weekend schools, language classes, cultural workshops, festivals. The festivals are also organised for open to all communities promoting Unity in Diversity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.multicultural.vic.gov.au/resources/community-directory?limit=5&action=submitted&e4260f71564abb140405c8f8fa31af89=1&start=1410 |title=Community Directory |publisher=Multicultural.vic.gov.au |date=2014-03-23 |accessdate=2014-08-24}}</ref> The press release from city council of Holroyd state that Vishva Hindu Parishad is active in supporting ] in the same region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.holroyd.nsw.gov.au/hindu-heritage-inspires-multiculturalism-in-holroyd/ |title=Hindu heritage inspires multiculturalism in Holroyd &#124; Holroyd City Council |publisher=Holroyd.nsw.gov.au |date=2014-02-13 |accessdate=2014-08-24}}</ref>
as In March 2014, the VHP had its first National Hindu Council in ] and ]. The VHP has established a Vedic school in ], has temples and organised 3 National Hindu conferences in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vhp.org.au/ |title=Vishva Hindu Parishad of Australia &#124; Bringing Hindus Together |publisher=Vhp.org.au |date= |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref> The Vishva Hindu Parishad is gaining popularity in these countries. The ] wing of Vishva Hindu Parishad conducts activities such conducting weekend schools, language classes, cultural workshops, festivals. The festivals are also organised for open to all communities promoting Unity in Diversity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.multicultural.vic.gov.au/resources/community-directory?limit=5&action=submitted&e4260f71564abb140405c8f8fa31af89=1&start=1410 |title=Community Directory |publisher=Multicultural.vic.gov.au |date=2014-03-23 |accessdate=2014-08-24}}</ref> The press release from city council of Holroyd state that Vishva Hindu Parishad is active in supporting ] in the same region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.holroyd.nsw.gov.au/hindu-heritage-inspires-multiculturalism-in-holroyd/ |title=Hindu heritage inspires multiculturalism in Holroyd &#124; Holroyd City Council |publisher=Holroyd.nsw.gov.au |date=2014-02-13 |accessdate=2014-08-24}}</ref> In March 2014, the VHP had its first National Hindu Council in ] and ]. The VHP has established a Vedic school in ], has temples and organised 3 National Hindu conferences in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vhp.org.au/ |title=Vishva Hindu Parishad of Australia &#124; Bringing Hindus Together |publisher=Vhp.org.au |date= |accessdate=2014-08-14}}</ref>

== See also ==


==See also==
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]


==References== == References ==
{{Cleanup-bare URLs|date=August 2014}}
{{Reflist|2}} {{Reflist|2}}


==Bibliography== == Bibliography ==


* {{cite book |last=Clarke |first=Peter |title=Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |ISBN=0-203-48433-9 |ref={{sfnref|Clarke|2004}}}} * {{cite book |last=Clarke |first=Peter |title=Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |ISBN=0-203-48433-9 |ref={{sfnref|Clarke|2004}}}}
Line 119: Line 108:


* {{cite book |last=Katju |first=Manjari |title=Vishva Hindu Parishad and Indian Politics |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=2013 |ISBN=81-250-2476-X * {{cite book |last=Katju |first=Manjari |title=Vishva Hindu Parishad and Indian Politics |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=2013 |ISBN=81-250-2476-X

|ref={{sfnref|Katju|2013}}}} | ref={{sfnref|Katju|2013}}}}


* {{cite book |last=Kumar |first=Praveen |title=Communal Crimes and National Integration: A Socio-Legal Study |publisher=Readworthy Publications * {{cite book |last=Kumar |first=Praveen |title=Communal Crimes and National Integration: A Socio-Legal Study |publisher=Readworthy Publications

|year=2011 |ISBN=93-5018-040-5 |ref={{sfnref|Kumar|2011}}}} | year=2011 |ISBN=93-5018-040-5 |ref={{sfnref|Kumar|2011}}}}


* {{cite book |last=Smith |first=David James |title=Hinduism and Modernity * {{cite book |last=Smith |first=David James |title=Hinduism and Modernity
|publisher=Blackwell Publishing |year=2003 |ISBN=0-631-20862-3
|ref={{sfnref|Smith|2003}}}}


| publisher=Blackwell Publishing |year=2003 |ISBN=0-631-20862-3
==External links==
| ref={{sfnref|Smith|2003}}}}
*

*, '']'', ''May 21, 1998''
== External links ==

*
* , '']'', ''May 21, 1998''


{{Sangh Parivar}} {{Sangh Parivar}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Vishva Hindu Parisad}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vishva Hindu Parisad}}

] ]
] ]

Revision as of 13:49, 4 November 2014

Vishva Hindu Parishad
विश्व हिन्दू परिषद
File:Vishva Hindu Parishad New Logo.jpgLogo of V.H.P
Founded29 August 1964 (1964-08-29)
FounderS. S. Apte
Swami Chinmayananda
TypeHindu nationalist
Hindu reformist
Location
Coordinates28°20′N 77°06′E / 28.33°N 77.10°E / 28.33; 77.10
Area served India
Members6.8 million
Key peopleG. Raghava Reddy (president)
Praveen Togadia (executive president)
SubsidiariesBajrang Dal (youth wing)
Durga Vahini (women's wing)
Websitevhp.org

Template:Hindu politics The Vishva Hindu Parishad (pronunciation: /vɪʃv(ə) hɪnd̪uː pərɪʃəd̪/, Template:Lang-en), abbreviated VHP, is a Hindu right-wing organisation in India, based on the ideology of Hindutva. It was founded in 1964 and its main objective is "to organise, consolidate the Hindu society and to serve, protect the Hindu Dharma." It belongs to the Sangh Parivar, an umbrella of Hindu nationalist organisations. It has been involved in social service projects, construction and renovation of Hindu temples and in issues such as cow slaughter, conversions to other religions, the Ayodhya dispute and its role in the Babri Masjid demolition. The VHP has been involved in reconverting Hindus who had previously converted to Christianity or Islam. One of their senior activist (Swami Lakshmanananda) working in Kandhamal was murdered in 2008, which led to communal clashes in the area.

History

The VHP was founded in 1964 by RSS leaders M. S. Golwalkar and S. S. Apte in collaboration with the Hindu spiritual leader Chinmayananda. The delegation of the founders included Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan founder K. M. Munshi, Gujarati scholar Keshavram Kashiram Shastri, Sikh leader Master Tara Singh, Namdhari Sikh leader Satguru Jagjit Singh and eminent politicians such as C. P. Ramaswamy Iyer. Chinmayananda was nominated as its founding President, while Apte was nominated as its founding General Secretary. It was decided at the meeting that the name of the proposed organization would be "Vishva Hindu Parishad" and that a world convention of Hindus was to be held at Prayag (Allahabad) during Kumbha Mela of 1966 for its launch. It was further decided that it would be a non-political organization and that no office bearer of any political party shall be simultaneously an office bearer in the Parishad.

The VHP, which considers Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs as well as native tribal religions as part of the greater Hindu fraternity, officially mentions that it was founded by the "Saint Shakti of Bharat". The VHP was first mooted at a conference in Pawai, Sandipani Sadhanalaya, Bombay on 29 August 1964. The conference was hosted by RSS chief M. S. Golwalkar. The date was chosen to coincide with the festival of Janmashtami. Several representatives from the Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist and Jain faiths were present in the meeting, as well as the Dalai Lama. Golwalkar explained that "all faiths of Indian origins need to unite", saying that the word "Hindu" (people of "Hindustan") applied to adherents of all the above religions. Apte declared:

The world has been divided to Christian, Islam and Communist. All of them view Hindu society as very fine rich food on which to feast and fatten themselves. It is necessary in this age of conflict to think of and organise the Hindu world to save it from the evils of all the three.

Its main objective is "to organise, consolidate the Hindu society and to serve, protect the Hindu Dharma." It has been involved in social service projects and in encouraging the construction and renovation of Hindu temples. It is against the caste system, opposes cow slaughter and conversions to other religions. Defending Hindus around the world and Hindu rights has been one of its stated objectives. The other main objective which it has been involved with is the Ayodhya dispute.

The organisation acts under the guidance from Dharma Sansad a religious parliament of Gurus. The VHP is associated with the Sangh Parivar, an umbrella of Hindu nationalist. Its slogan is Dharmo rakṣati rakṣitaḥ, which means "Dharma protects its protector" and its symbol is the banyan tree. The current international president of VHP is Raghava Reddy, while its executive president is Praveen Togadia.

Social activities

Vishva Hindu Parishad is active in social welfare work

  • Medical - People are trained in villages to provide primary health care and referral services. The organisation also conducts Medical check-up camps.
  • Vocational training - Organisation is running self-employment training camps in Bihar, Punjab, Rajasthan, Maha Kaushal, Assam, Brij Pradesh, Orissa and Maharashtra. The training areas involve farming techniques, bee-keeping, agriculture, horticultural techniques, animal husbandry and sewing. There are 959 training centres currently operating.
  • Education - It tried to provide educational facilities in remote area. It supports 3266 educational facilities.
  • Social welfare - Organisation runs 45 Orphanages, Marriage Bureau, Help Centres, Rescue Centres, Working Women Hostels. VHP is also active in environmental causes such as Tree Plantations. Social Services are provided in religious pilgrimages, emergency help during natural calamities and rural development.
  • Relief services - Vishwa Hindu Parishad has provided emergency Relief services. In 2014 Jammu and Kashmir floods, Vishwa Hindu Parishad organised medical and relief camps. These services provided relief via medical camps to 1400 patients.

Ayodhya dispute

Main articles: Ayodhya debate, Ram Janmabhoomi, and Babri Mosque

The VHP had been involved in the dispute over the Ram Janmabhoomi, or Babri Mosque, for twenty years before its demolition. This activity involved demonstrations, petitions and litigation. According to the VHP and its affiliated organisations, the Babri Mosque was built by demolishing the temple at the birthplace of Rama (Ram Janmabhoomi) by the Mughal Emperor Babur in the 16th century. It further stated in Allahabad court documentation that the building was in a dilapidated condition. It was in ruins and could not be used for worship or any activities .


Child organisations

Local office of Vishva Hindu Parishad, at Haridwar

The Bajrang Dal is the youth wing of the VHP, and it is organised in many states in major training camps called shakhas, where thousands of young men simultaneously train in various activities, receive sports, education in Hindutva and cultural education. The Durga Vahini, founded in 1991 under the tutelage of Sadhvi Rithambara as its founding chairperson and the support of the VHP, is described as the "female arm of the Dal". Members of the Vahini contend that the portrayal of their group as a branch of the Bajrang Dal is an oversimplification, and that their goals are to "dedicate ourselves to spiritual, physical, mental and knowledge development". The VHP also have divisions made up of women. VHP secretary Giri Raj Kishore charted out highly visible roles for women in the group. He charted out two "satyagrahas" for women during their demonstrations.

The VHP has been a prime backer of the World Hindu Conference in which issues such as casteism, sectarianism, and the future of Hindus were discussed. Prior Conferences have included Hindu Groups such as Parisada Hindu Dharma.

Reconversion activity

VHP organises programmes to reconvert Hindus who had previously converted to Christianity or Islam through their trained missionaries called Dharma Prasaar Vibhag (Dharma Propagation Unit), some of them were sent to remote villages and tribal areas which have substantial Christians and Muslims population. On 4 March 2004, more than 200 Christians were reconverted in a ceremony organised by the VHP in the state of Orissa, part of its plan to reconvert 400,000 tribal Christians. According to them, the tribal folk were lured for monetary benefits and Christian missionaries were there to convert them under the pretext of community service. They claim that Vanvasis (Tribals) are part of Hindu culture. The Christian community denied this and six women were beaten for refusing to reconvert to Hinduism. Religious conversions is a debated topic in Orissa.

In Punjab, the VHP has played an active role to prevent conversions of Sikhs. Majority of them are low caste Sikhs converting to Christianity. This may be a result of oppression by high caste Sikhs but there are considerable free will conversions among the higher class Sikhs too; however, the VHP have forcibly stopped Christian missionaries from converting Sikhs.

The VHP collaborated with Christian Association for Social Action and played an active part in providing relief to both Hindu and Christian families affected by the Love Jihad activity in Kerala during 2003 – 2013 period.

In August 2008, the VHP accused Christians for the murder of Swami Lakshmanananda, Maoist militants had claimed responsibility for the killing. In the resulting disorder, Christian settlements were set on fire, and 250 Christians were forced to flee their villages. A Catholic nun was raped during the violence and the Roman Catholic Church said that at least 7 Christians were killed. A judicial commission probing the violence said that conversion and re-conversion were among the major factors that led to the disorder, without blaming any religious groups or the CPI (Maoist). Following the murder of Swami Lakshmanananda in 2008, the VHP engaged in reconversion program, involving both voluntary and forced reconversion. The accused in the murder case were found guilty and awarded life imprisonment.

Presence outside India

Vishwa Hindu Parishad is active in many countries outside of India.

United States

Known as VHPA, the VHP in the United States advocates for human rights for Hindus around the world. They also offer Hindu Pandits to serve the Hindu community, and usually hold rituals around the nation where members are invited. The VHPA has also organised many charitable causes, such as raising money for the victims of Typhoon Haiyan in 2013, and the Fiji flood victims of 2012.

United Kingdom

The VHPUK, is the British branch of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad, which has held demonstrations in London for the rights of Hindus in Bangladesh and Pakistan. It offers many Hindu services such as priests and matrimonial services. VHPUK has been vocal advocates of the pro-life movement, and stands against abortion.

Germany

Vishwa Hindu Parishad has a temple in Frankfurt, offers Bhagavad Gita classes and recites the Ramayana.

Canada

The VHP is active in Vancouver, Toronto, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Ottawa and other major Canadian cities.

Australia, New Zealand & Fiji

The Vishva Hindu Parishad is gaining popularity in these countries. The Australia wing of Vishva Hindu Parishad conducts activities such conducting weekend schools, language classes, cultural workshops, festivals. The festivals are also organised for open to all communities promoting Unity in Diversity. The press release from city council of Holroyd state that Vishva Hindu Parishad is active in supporting multiculturalism in the same region. In March 2014, the VHP had its first National Hindu Council in Fiji and New Zealand. The VHP has established a Vedic school in Sydney, has temples and organised 3 National Hindu conferences in 2014.

See also

References

  1. ^ "VHP main objective". Vhp.org. 1964-08-29. Retrieved 2014-08-24.
  2. ^ Gethin Chamberlain (19 Oct 2008). "Convert or we will kill you, Hindu lynch mobs tell Christians". Guardian. Retrieved 2014-08-24.
  3. ^ "Raghava Reddy takes over as VHP international chief". Andhra Wishesh. 20 Dec 2011. Retrieved 24 Aug 2014.
  4. Jelen, Ted Gerard; Wilcox, Clyde (2002). Religion and Politics in Comparative Perspective: The One, The Few, and The Many. Cambridge University Press. p. 253. ISBN 0-521-65031-3.
  5. DP Bhattacharya, ET Bureau Aug 4, 2014, 06.38AM IST (2014-08-04). "Communal skirmishes rising after Narendra Modi's departure from Gujarat - Economic Times". Articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2014-08-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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  7. "VHP's social service activities". The Hindu. 2011-12-18. Retrieved 2014-08-24.
  8. Katju 2013, p. 5.
  9. Kurien, Prema (2001). "Religion, ethnicity and politics: Hindu and Muslim Indian immigrants in the United States". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 24 (2): 268. doi:10.1080/01419870020023445.
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  13. "Welcome to Organiser". Organiser.org. Retrieved 2014-08-14.
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  15. ^ "विश्व हिंदू परिषदेची पन्नास वर्षांची वाटचाल | Evivek.com". Magazine.evivek.com. Retrieved 2014-08-14.
  16. The author has posted comments on this article (2003-12-19). "VHP to highlight its social work - The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 2014-08-14. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  17. Everyday Nationalism: Women of the Hindu Right in India - Kalyani Devaki Menon - Google Books. Books.google.com.au. Retrieved 2014-08-14.
  18. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-jammu-and-kashmir-floods-vishwa-hindu-parishad-organises-medical-camps-1400-patients-treated-2018829
  19. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-09-15/news/53943132_1_vhp-cattle-feed-jammu-district
  20. "Ayodhya files, Vol. 7" (PDF). Allahabad High Court. Retrieved 2014-08-24.
  21. Vinod Mishra (Dec 1992). "On Communalism". Marxists.org. Retrieved 2014-08-24.
  22. Women 'Ram Bhakt' hog limelight,The Tribune
  23. Kohli, Atul (2000). The Success of India's Democracy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80144-3.
  24. Historic world Hindu conference at Prayag News Today – March 2007
  25. The Tribal Culture of India - Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi, Binay Kumar Rai - Google Books. Books.google.com.au. Retrieved 2014-08-14.
  26. ^ Christians convert back to Hinduism,BBC
  27. Rana, Yudhvir (31 March 2005). "VHP against conversions in Punjab". The Times Of India.
  28. "'Love Jihad' racket: VHP, Christian groups find common cause". The Times Of India. 13 October 2008.
  29. ^ Blakely, Rhys (November 20, 2008). "Hindu extremists reward to kill Christians as Britain refuses to bar members". The Times. London. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
  30. "BJP MLA convicted in Kandhamal riots case". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 9 September 2010.
  31. "BJP lawmaker gets jail for murder in Kandhamal riots | Accident / Crime / Disaster". Indiatalkies.com. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
  32. "Nun was raped and priest brutally assaulted in Kandhamal". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 30 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-04.
  33. "Four arrested over India nun rape". BBC News. 3 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-04.
  34. "Medical reports confirm Kandhmal nun raped". NDTV. Retrieved 2008–10–04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  35. "Anti Christian Violence Rocks Orissa, India". Oecumene.radiovaticana.org. 2008-08-26. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
  36. "Conversion, reconversion led to Kandhamal riots: Commission". Bhubaneshwar: The Times of India. 3 July 2009.
  37. "Swami Lakshmanananda Saraswati murder case: Seven accused found guilty". http://pragativadi.com. Retrieved 19 August 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)
  38. "Swami Lakshmananda Saraswati murder case: All convicts get rigorous life imprisonment". http://ibnlive.in.com. Retrieved 19 August 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)
  39. "Swami Lakshmanananda Saraswati murder case: 7 accused found guilty". Zee News. September 30, 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  40. "Vishwa Hindu Parishad of America | World Hindu Council of America". Vhp-america.org. Retrieved 2014-08-14.
  41. "VHP UK". Vhp.org.uk. 2012-04-30. Retrieved 2014-08-14.
  42. "VHP ev Germany". VHP ev Germany. Retrieved 2014-08-14.
  43. "Multinational clinical trials in Europe" (PDF).
  44. "Ilford Branch | VHP UK". Vhp.org.uk. 2012-04-30. Retrieved 2014-08-14.
  45. "Community Directory". Multicultural.vic.gov.au. 2014-03-23. Retrieved 2014-08-24.
  46. "Hindu heritage inspires multiculturalism in Holroyd | Holroyd City Council". Holroyd.nsw.gov.au. 2014-02-13. Retrieved 2014-08-24.
  47. "Vishva Hindu Parishad of Australia | Bringing Hindus Together". Vhp.org.au. Retrieved 2014-08-14.

Bibliography

  • Jaffrelot, Christophe (2011). Religion, Caste, and Politics in India. C Hurst & Co. ISBN 978-1849041386.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Juergensmeyer, Mark (1993). The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-08651-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Katju, Manjari (2013). Vishva Hindu Parishad and Indian Politics. Orient Blackswan. ISBN 81-250-2476-X.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Kumar, Praveen (2011). Communal Crimes and National Integration: A Socio-Legal Study. Readworthy Publications. ISBN 93-5018-040-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

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